Information science

Samuel L. Braunstein: Quantum teleportation, Quantum entanglement, Quantum information science

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• published: 21 Feb 2015
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http://gabrielemartufi.altervista.org Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location. Because it depends on classical communication, which can proceed no faster than the speed of light, it cannot be used for superluminal transport or communication of classical bits. It also cannot be used to make copies of a system, as this violates the no-cloning theorem. Although the name is inspired by the teleportation commonly used in fiction, current technology provides no possibility of anything resembling the fictional form of teleportation. While it is possible to teleport one or more qubits of information between two (entangled) atoms, this has not yet been achieved between molecules or anything larger. One may think of teleportation either as a kind of transportation, or as a kind of communication; it provides a way of transporting a qubit from one location to another, without having to move a physical particle along with it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated or interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently-instead, a quantum state may be given for the system as a whole. Measurements of physical properties such as position, momentum, spin, polarization, etc. performed on entangled particles are found to be appropriately correlated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement Quantum information science is an area of study based on the idea that information science depends on quantum effects in physics. It includes theoretical issues in computational models as well as more experimental topics in quantum physics including what can and cannot be done with quantum information. The term quantum information theory is sometimes used, but it fails to encompass experimental research in the area. Quantum computing, which deals on the one hand with the question how and whether one can build a quantum computer and on the other hand, algorithms that harness its power (see quantum algorithm) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_information_science In physics and computer science, quantum information is physical information that is held in the state of a quantum system. Quantum information is the basic entity that is studied in the burgeoning field of quantum information theory, and manipulated using the engineering techniques of quantum information processing. Much like classical information can be processed with digital computers, transmitted from place to place, manipulated with algorithms, and analyzed with the mathematics of computer science, so also analogous concepts apply to quantum information. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_information Samuel Leon Braunstein (Samuel L. Braunstein) is a professor in the Computer Science department at the University of York, UK. He is a member of a research group in non-standard computation, and has a particular interest in quantum information and quantum computation. Braunstein has written or edited three books, and has published more than eighty papers. His most important work was on quantum teleportation, and published in a paper titled Unconditional Quantum Teleportation. The paper has been cited more than five hundred times and has received significant coverage in both the scientific and mainstream press. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_L._Braunstein