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A magical girlfriend (also referred to as exotic girlfriend, supernatural lover, or nonhuman woman^[1]) is a female character often associated with romantic comedy anime series,^[2] and is sometimes considered a genre of its own,^[3] or as the leading lady of the "fantastic romance" genre, which combines the fantasy and romance genres.^[2]

As Thomas LaMarre states, "Anime fans become familiar with a whole range of female figures that are either not really human (robots, aliens, deities, animals), or that possess extra-human powers of some kind or another (from cyborg enhancements to magical or psychic abilities), which take them beyond the merely human woman."^[1]

Magical girlfriends can be one or many in a single anime (always attached to the male lead). Because of the tendency for rivals to appear even when there is one female lead and because of the unnatural gender balance among the cast, magical girlfriend comedies are often conflated with harem comedies. A good example of this conflation is Oh My Goddess!^[4] which is "one of the prototypical “harem” anime titles"^[5] despite the short-lived nature of most of the romantic rivalries.

Characteristics of the genre[link]

Often series in the genre start with the male lead encountering the female lead either by pure chance or by an unusual event, after which the female lead somehow becomes bound or otherwise dependent upon him, often forcing a situation of cohabitation. In many cases, this situation is repeated with other characters (Tenchi Muyo!), overlapping with the harem genre of anime. However the male lead is often inexperienced with women despite typically being a "nice guy". This situation often prevents the relationship from advancing beyond a platonic level throughout most of the series, as an ideal girlfriend doesn't come on strong herself and is generally passive in the relationship.

In parodies, the character may be too young (i.e. Nakahito Kagura in Steel Angel Kurumi; Negi Springfield in Mahou Sensei Negima!) or otherwise have a more rational, ambivalent attitude towards women. A famous early reversal of the cliche occurs with the overtly lecherous Ataru Moroboshi of Urusei Yatsura), who is simply uninterested in monogamous relationships despite the fact few women besides his romantically-aggressive alien girlfriend find him attractive.

Another feature is that soon after the male and female leads begin to live together, other (usually female) characters from the female (or male) lead's origin appear (friends, siblings, relatives, rivals or even enemies), either becoming frequent visitors, cohabitors, or generally causing a disruption. or even moving in with the lead couple. Sometimes a character from the male lead's origin will appear. Examples include Ai Yori Aoshi, where Kaoru's half-brother tries to take Aoi for himself, and Omamori Himari, where demonslayer Kuesu Jinguuji appears in volume 3 to claim Yuuto Amakawa as her betrothed.

Even when there is one female lead, various rivals always threaten the relationship between the lead characters, often creating complicated "love polygons". These can vary from being from mundane characters such as men who fight for the affection of the female (and rarely male) lead, or rivals from the female lead's origins.

The romantic relationship(s) in magical girlfriend comedies tend to remain static and platonic throughout the series. Commonly episodes involve some sort of superficial threat to the static nature of the relationship (which could, and often is, the male lead or the girlfriends' desire to get closer), which is almost always resolved in some way that doesn't fundamentally alter that relationship. Action plotlines are often introduced through some sort of threat from the magical girlfriends origins or through other means. If the romantic relationship(s) do move, it is very slow. For example, Oh My Goddess starts with Belldandy contractually bound to Keiichi and the other goddesses trying to separate them. After more than 100 chapters, Belldandy is no longer bound, but chooses to stay with Keiichi, and the other goddesses admit that Keiichi is worthy of a goddess' love.

[edit] The "ideal woman" personality, or yamato nadeshiko

Many magical girlfriends are considered by both fans and critics of the genre to be idealizations of woman-kind. This model of the ideal Japanese woman, the yamato nadeshiko, is similar to that found in The Tale of Genji. Ideal girlfriends are not necessarily magical in nature. Aoi of Ai Yori Aoshi is an example of an ideal woman and girlfriend but is of mundane origin. Some "ideal" magical girlfriends may seem weak and emotionally needy, while others, such as Belldandy of Oh My Goddess!, may possess a godly power stemming from their feminine traits.

Ideal women have absolute dedication to whatever work they do and for whomever they have great affection, although depending on the character's actual talents this can make for anything from 'quite capable' to 'well-meaning klutz'. They usually have calm, gentle and demure personalities. They generally suppress selfish desires in favor of desiring good for others.

Ideal women are always naive or innocent, sometimes explained by the girlfriends origins which do not allow for much experience with mainstream life. Paradoxically, other characters of the girlfriend's origin tend not to be as naive (e.g. Belldandy of Oh My Goddess! is more naive than even her kid sister). Ideal women are emotionally insightful, seeing the good in others when most wouldn't and forgiving their shortcomings.

Ideal women are examples of moe girls in anime. As such, ideal girlfriends are not overly independent. They are proper Japanese women who typically will not initiate romantic action themselves, except in a delicate or indirect manner (Aoi's romantic behavior might be considered clingy, even desperate at times, but is still done in a delicate manner, except in ecchi dream sequences). However, numerous characters are so innocent as to not understand the nature of their actions. Independence and aggression (especially in sexual matters) is a trait of parodies of the ideal girlfriend such as Lum Invader in Urusei Yatsura, Kurumi in Steel Angel Kurumi or Hazuki in Tsukuyomi -Moon Phase-.

Parodies of the ideal woman are often selfish and become involved with the male lead because of their own selfish desires which are not (initially) shared by their mate. While the male lead usually has some sort of hold over his girlfriend (as "husband," "fiancé," provider, contract holder, client, creator, master, or even owner) the parody of the ideal girlfriend either succeeds in inverting the power balance of relationship or simply reverses roles.

Shōjo artists have written another sort of parody of magical girlfriends. Shōjo writers put more emphasis on the girl. Examples include Absolute Boyfriend, in which an ordinary girl gets a magical boyfriend,^[6] and Ultra Maniac, in which a Middle School girl meets and becomes best friends with a magical girlfriend;^{[citation needed]} followed by their misadventures at finding boyfriends.

Susan J. Napier has described the popularity of the ideal magical girlfriend, for example, Belldandy and Ai to be a backlash against the "yellow cab" social phenomenon, where some Japanese women were seeking out sexual relationships with non-Japanese men.^[2]

Examples of "magical girlfriend" characters[link]

• Belldandy of Oh My Goddess!
• Lum Invader of Urusei Yatsura^[7] (a parody of the ideal girlfriend)
• Chi of Chobits^[1][8][9]
• Saati Nanba of A.I. Love You^[9]
• Haruko of FLCL^[9]
• Shaorin of Mamotte Shugogetten^[10]
• Night of Absolute Boyfriend^[6] (male equivalent of magical girlfriend)
• Sun Seto of My Bride is a Mermaid^[11]
• Valkyrie of UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie^[12]
• Phryne of Fractale^[13]

Magical girlfriends in Western media[link]

Tiffany White of Pop Matters, in her review of the Mannequin movies, classifies magical girlfriend movies with this template:^[14]
• Main protagonist is a loser who has no luck with girls or has a real girlfriend who doesn’t understand him.
• Main guy finds magical girlfriend (usually an angel, mermaid, or science experiment) and they fall in love.
• An antagonist lurks about, and its sole purpose is exposing the magical girlfriend.
• In the end, the protagonist and the magical girlfriend escape persecution, gain public acceptance, and spend the rest of their lives happy ever after.

A.E. Sparrow of IGN, in reviewing Mamotte Shugogetten, also relates magical girlfriends shows to their western counterparts:^[10] "She's completely devoted to protecting her new "master" from any misfortune, utterly oblivious to the ways of the modern world, and (in cute girl manga terms) a total knockout. If you're not completely immersed in the world of manga yet, think "I Dream of Jeannie". If you are, then think "Oh! My Goddess!". Either one works if you're looking for a comparison."

Examples of magical girlfriend in Western media include: Samantha from Bewitched, Jeannie from I Dream of Jeannie, Lisa from Weird Science, Jenny/XJ9 from My Life as a Teenage Robot and Madison from Splash.

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Lamarre, Thomas (July 2006). "Platonic Sex: Perversion and Shôjo Anime (Part One)". Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1 (1): 45–59. DOI:10.1177/1746847706065841. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Napier, Susan (May 2001). "Carnival and Conservatism in Romantic Comedy". Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave. pp. 139–156. ISBN 0-312-23863-0. http://books.google.com/?id=T7WhxNhF6vAC. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
3. ^ Wong, Wendy Siuyi (2006). "Globalizing Manga: From Japan to Hong Kong and Beyond". Mechademia 1: 28. ISBN 978-0-8166-4945-7. http://books.google.com/?id=CMYwUzMCj-gC&pg=PA28&dq=%22magical+girlfriend%22. 
4. ^ Fujishima, Kosuke. Oh My Goddess! (manga, unflopped) Volume 3. p. 187
5. ^ Martin, Theron (2005-10-06). "Anime News Network review of Ah! My Goddess DVD 1". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/ah-my-goddess/dvd-1. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Green, Jason (2006-06-03). "Shojo Beat Review – Absolute Boyfriend". playback:stl. http://www.playbackstl.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2628&Itemid=31. 
7. ^ Napier, Susan (May 2001). "Carnival and Conservatism in Romantic Comedy". Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave. pp. 142–151. ISBN 0-312-23863-0. http://books.google.com/?id=T7WhxNhF6vAC. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
8. ^ CLAMP. Chobits (manga) Volume 1, Chapter 2, Hideki ponders: “You hear about it all the time. A guy finds a nice girl, takes her home. She’s always cute. Then it turns out she’s got some sort of special powers, and she’ll fall madly in love with the guy. Happens all the time. I’ve seen it on TV, like I Dream of Jeannie!”
9. ^ ^{a b c} Harvell, Jess (2006-10-11). "Boys Life: Sometimes a Giant Robot Isn't Just a Giant Robot in the World of Japanese Comics". Baltimore City Paper. http://www2.citypaper.com/news/story.asp?id=12770. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Sparrow, A.E. (2008-05-13). "Mamotte Shugogetten: Volume 1 Review". IGN. http://comics.ign.com/articles/873/873178p1.html. 
11. ^ Kimlinger, Carl (2010-08-02). "Review - My Bride is a Mermaid - Season 1 DVD Part 1". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/my-bride-is-a-mermaid/season-1.  - "The plot and situations are cribbed from any number of magical-cohabitating-girl anime"
12. ^ "New Anime coming to Japan". Anime News Network. 2003-04-14. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2003-04-14/new-anime-coming-to-japan.  - "Another Magical Girlfriend anime coming out this fall."
13. ^ Bertschy, Zac (2011-01-04). "The Winter 2011 Anime Preview Guide". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2011-01-04/zac.  - Zac summarizes "let's just call it 'mildly interesting, competently made magical girlfriend show'"
14. ^ White, Tiffany (2008-05-14). "Mannequin & Mannequin 2: On the Move". Pop Matters. http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mannequin-mannequin-2-on-the-move.