Trimming (computer programming)
In computer programming, trimming (trim) or stripping (strip) is a string manipulation in which leading and trailing whitespace is removed from a string.
For example, the string (enclosed by apostrophes)
would be changed, after trimming, to
Variants
Definition of whitespace
The characters which are considered whitespace varies between programming languages and implementations. For example, C traditionally only counts space, tab, line feed, and carriage return characters, while languages which support Unicode typically include all Unicode space characters. Some implementations also include ASCII control codes (non-printing characters) along with whitespace characters.
Java's trim method considers ASCII spaces and control codes as whitespace, contrasting with the Java isWhitespace() method, which recognizes all Unicode space characters.
Delphi's Trim function considers characters U+0000 (NULL) through U+0020 (SPACE) to be whitespace.
Usage
Following are examples of trimming a string using several programming languages. All of the implementations shown return a new string and do not alter the original variable.
Trim (computing)
A Trim command (known as TRIM in the ATA command set, and UNMAP in the SCSI command set) allows an operating system to inform a solid-state drive (SSD) which blocks of data are no longer considered in use and can be wiped internally.
Trim was introduced soon after SSDs were introduced. Because low-level operation of SSDs differs significantly from hard drives, the typical way in which operating systems handle operations like deletes and formats resulted in unanticipated progressive performance degradation of write operations on SSDs. Trimming enables the SSD to handle garbage collection overhead, which would otherwise significantly slow down future write operations to the involved blocks, in advance.
Although tools to "reset" some drives to a fresh state were already available before the introduction of trimming, they also delete all data on the drive, which makes them impractical to use for ongoing optimization. By 2014 many SSDs had internal idle/background garbage collection mechanisms that work independently of trimming; although this successfully maintains their performance even under operating systems that do not support Trim, it has the associated drawbacks of increased write amplification and wear of the flash cells.
Trim (sewing)
Trim or trimming in clothing and home decorating is applied ornament, such as gimp, passementerie, ribbon, ruffles, or, as a verb, to apply such ornament.
Before the industrial revolution, all trim was made and applied by hand, thus making heavily trimmed furnishings and garments expensive and high-status. Machine-woven trims and sewing machines put these dense trimmings within the reach of even modest dressmakers and home sewers, and an abundance of trimming is a characteristic of mid-Victorian fashion. As a predictable reaction, high fashion came to emphasize exquisiteness of cut and construction over denseness of trimming, and applied trim became a signifier of mass-produced clothing by the 1930s. The iconic braid and gold button trim of the Chanel suit are a notable survival of trim in high fashion.
In home decorating, the 1980s and 1990s saw a fashion for dense, elaborately layered trimmings on upholstered furniture and drapery.
Today, most trimmings are commercially manufactured. Scalamandré is known for elaborate trim for home furnishings, and Wrights is a leading manufacturer of trim for home sewing and crafts. Trims are used generally to enhance the beauty of the garments. It attracts buyers. Appropriate use of it creates more value of the product.
309 Road
The 309 road is a 22-kilometre (14 mi) long gravel road between the towns of Coromandel and Whitianga in New Zealand.
The 309 winds its way from Coromandel, on the west side of the Coromandel Peninsula, over the ranges to Whitianga, on the eastern side.
The road is considered extremely dangerous and deaths among tourists unfamiliar with the road and in unfit vehicles are common.
Places of interest along the road include Waiau Falls and the Kauri Grove, a stand of mature kauri trees.
Location
References
External links
Coordinates: 36°50′48″S 175°33′15″E / 36.846767°S 175.554208°E / -36.846767; 175.554208 (309 Road - nominal location)
2+1 road
2+1 road is a specific category of three-lane road, consisting of two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres, and separated usually with a steel cable barrier. Traditional roads of at least 13 metres (43 ft) width can be converted to 2+1 roads and reach near-motorway safety levels at a much lower cost than an actual conversion to motorway or dual carriageway. Denmark and Sweden have been building 2+1 roads since the 1990s.
By country
Ireland
In Ireland, a 2+1 road was trialled on a short section of the N20 near Mallow, County Cork. Following the pilot the National Roads Authority announced in July 2007 that 2+1 roads were unsuitable and that new lower capacity trunk routes would instead be built as 2+2 roads (officially known as Type 2 Dual Carriageways ) - at grade dual-carriageways with a narrow median and no hard shoulder.
Sweden
In Sweden, many 13-metre-wide (43 ft) roads have been built, especially in the period 1955–1980. These have two 3.5 metres (11 ft) wide lanes, and two 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide shoulders, in the beginning planned as emergency strip, due to the relative unreliability of autos of that period.
List of highways numbered 44
The following highways are numbered 44.
Canada
Ontario Highway 44
India
Israel
Iran
Road 44
Japan
Route 44 (Japan)
New Zealand
New Zealand State Highway 44
Thailand
Thailand Route 44
United Arab Emirates
E 44
United Kingdom
British A44 (Oxford-Aberystwyth)
United States
Interstate 44
U.S. Route 44
Alabama State Route 44
California State Route 44
Colorado State Highway 44
Delaware Route 44
Florida State Road 44
Georgia State Route 44
Hawaii Route 44
Idaho State Highway 44
Illinois Route 44 (former)
Indiana State Road 44
Iowa Highway 44
K-44 (Kansas highway)
Kentucky Route 44
Louisiana Highway 44
Maryland Route 44 (former)
M-44 (Michigan highway)
Minnesota State Highway 44
Mississippi Highway 44
Montana Highway 44
Nebraska Highway 44
Nevada State Route 44 (former) New Jersey Route 44
New York State Route 44 (former)
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New York State Route 44A (former)
Animal show
An animal show is a form of exhibition featuring the display or performance of one or more breeds of animal.
Purpose
An animal show can be for entertainment, educational, and/or commercial purpose. A judged event may rank specimens for the benefit of those involved in animal breeding or husbandry, or provide entertainment to animal fancy hobbyists.
Types of shows
The US Animal Welfare Act identifies a number of types of animal exhibitions:
Amusement parks
Modern amusement parks often feature performing marine mammals and even contain drive-thru animal safari tours. The animal shows are typically operated by a contracted performer, while the animal parks are owned by the theme park itself.
Animal fighting ventures
The US Animal Welfare Act prohibits the staging of dog fighting, dog-baiting, and bear or raccoon-baiting. Cockfighting is outlawed in every state in the United States but is not banned nationally in the US.
Animal performances
Animals perform tricks and stunts in the circus, marine mammal shows, amusement parks, carnivals, independent animal acts, television shows, movies, and educational exhibits. These can be licensed acts with booking agents.
