Algeria

Charles De Gaulle and the Algerian War | 1954-1960 | Documentary on the Algerian War of Independence

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• published: 10 Dec 2014
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►My channel: http://youtube.com/TheBestFilmArchives ►SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/TheBestFilmArchives?sub_confirmation=1 ►Google+: http://plus.google.com/+TheBestFilmArchives ►Facebook: http://facebook.com/TheBestFilmArchives ►Twitter: http://twitter.com/BestFilmArch It is the story of the French General Charles de Gaulle's election as French President and his role in the Algerian War. About the Algerian War: The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution (Arabic: الثورة الجزائرية‎), was a war between France and the Algerian independence movements from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting,terrorism, the use of torture by both sides, and counter-terrorism operations. The conflict was also a civil war between loyalist Algerians supporting a French Algeria and their insurrectionist Algerian Muslim counterparts. Effectively started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) on November 1, 1954, during the Toussaint Rouge ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict shook the foundations of the weak and unstable French Fourth Republic (1946–58) and led to its replacement by the Fifth Republic with a strengthened Presidency, with Charles de Gaulle acting in the latter role. Although the military campaigns led against Algerian nationalists were complete successes, with most prominent FLN leaders killed or arrested and terror attacks effectively stopped, the brutality of the methods employed failed to win hearts and minds in Algeria, alienated support in Metropolitan France and discredited French prestige abroad. In 1961, President Charles de Gaulle decided to give up Algeria, although it was regarded as an integral part of France, after conducting a referendum showing huge support for Algerian independence. The planned withdrawal led to a state crisis, to various assassination attempts on de Gaulle, and some attempts of military coups. Most of the former were carried out by the Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), an underground organization formed mainly from French military personnel supporting a French Algeria, which committed a large number of bombings and murders in both Algeria and the homeland to stop the planned independence. Upon independence, in 1962, 900,000 European-Algerians (Pieds-noirs) fled to France, in fear of the FLN's revenge, within a few months. The majority of Algerian Muslims who had worked for the French, were disarmed and left behind as the treaty between French and Algerian authorities declared that no actions could be taken against them. However, the Harkis in particular, having served as auxiliaries with the French army, were regarded as traitors by the FLN and between 50,000 and 150,000 Harkis and family members were murdered by the FLN or lynch-mobs, often after being abducted and tortured. La guerre d’Algérie ou Révolution algérienne (mais aussi guerre d'indépendance algérienne), est un conflit qui se déroule de 1954 à 1962 en Algérie, colonie française depuis 1830 et divisée en départements depuis 1848, et dont l'aboutissement est l'indépendance du territoire le 5 juillet 1962. En tant que guerre d'indépendance et de décolonisation, elle oppose des nationalistes algériens, principalement réunis sous la bannière du Front de libération nationale (FLN), à la France. Elle est à la fois un double conflit militaire et diplomatique et aussi une double guerre civile, entre les communautés d'une part et à l'intérieur des communautés d'autre part. Elle a lieu principalement sur le territoire de l'Algérie française , avec également des répercussions en France métropolitaine. Elle entraîne de graves crises politiques en France, avec pour conséquences le retour au pouvoir de Charles de Gaulle et la chute de la Quatrième République, remplacée par la Cinquième République. Après avoir donné du temps à l'armée pour écraser définitivement la révolte en utilisant tous les moyens à sa disposition, De Gaulle penche finalement pour l'autodétermination en tant que seule issue possible au conflit, ce qui conduit une fraction de l'armée française à se rebeller et entrer en opposition ouverte avec le pouvoir, rapidement matée. Le conflit débouche, après les accords d'Évian du 18 mars 1962, sur l'indépendance de l'Algérie le 5 juillet suivant, et précipite l'exode de la population des Européens d'Algérie juifs et chrétiens , dits Pieds-Noirs, ainsi que le massacre de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de harkis. Charles De Gaulle and the Algerian War | 1954-1960 | Documentary on the Algerian War of Independence