- published: 10 Dec 2015
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Fluorosilicate glass (FSG) is a low-k dielectric used in between copper metal layers during silicon integrated circuit fabrication process. It has a low dielectric constant (k) and is now widely adopted by semiconductor foundries on geometries sub 0.25μ. Fluorosilicate glass is effectively a fluorine-containing silicon dioxide (k=3.5, while k of undoped silicon dioxide is 3.9).
Fluorosilicate glass is used by IBM.Intel started using Cu metal layers and FSG on its 1.2 GHz Pentium processor at 130 nm CMOS. TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) brought in FSG and copper together in the Altera APEX.
Fluorosilicate glass-ceramics have good mechanical properties. Potassium fluorrichterite based materials are composed from tiny interlocked rod-shaped amphibole crystals; they have good resistance to chemicals and can be used in microwave ovens. Richterite glass-ceramics are used for high-performance tableware.
Fluorosilicate glass-ceramics with sheet structure, derived from mica, are strong and machinable. They find a number of uses and can be used in high vacuum and as dielectrics and precision ceramic components. A number of mica and mica-fluoroapatite glass-ceramics were studied as biomaterials.
Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF. After hydrogen fluoride, KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry. It is an alkali halide and occurs naturally as the rare mineral carobbiite. Solutions of KF will etch glass due to the formation of soluble fluorosilicates, although HF is more effective. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video
http://www.nteu280.org/Issues/Fluoride/flouridestatement.htm NTEU CHAPTER 280 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency "SILICOFLUORIDES: Unrefined Industrial Waste" "91% of Americans ingesting artificially fluoridated water are consuming silicofluorides. This is a class of fluoridation chemicals that includes hydrofluosilicic acid and its salt form, sodium fluorosilicate. These chemicals are collected from the pollution scrubbers of the phosphate fertilizer industry. The scrubber liquors contain contaminants such as ARSENIC, LEAD, CADMIUM, MERCURY, AND ****RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES**** , are legally regulated as toxic waste, and are prohibited from direct dispersal into the environment. Upon being sold (unrefined) to municipalities as fluoridating agents, these same substances are then consider...
GE는 디스플레이에서 보다 선명하고 깨끗한 이미지를 구현할 수 있는 플루오르 규산 칼륨(Potassium FluoroSilicate, PFS) 인광체 기술인 트라이게인™(TriGain™)을 개발하였다. 트라이게인™ 기술은 LED시스템에 적용되어 기존보다 세밀하고 뚜렷한 빨간색을 구현해 내며, 이를 통해 LED 디스플레이의 전반적인 색재현율을 향상시킨다. 기존 LED 디스플레이는 고휘도와 화면의 질감 가운데 하나만을 선택해야 하는 한계가 있어 빨간색을 완벽히 구현해 낼 수 없었다. 하지만 GE가 트라이게인™을 개발함에 따라 붉은색의 휘도를 높이는 동시에 다른 색도 더욱 선명하게 표현할 수 있게 됨으로써, 스마트폰, 테플릿 PC, TV 등의 디스플레이 상 이미지를 보다 뚜렷하게 구현할 수 있게 됐다. GE는 LED제품에 적용되는 PFS 발광체 특허를 보유한 유일한 기업으로서, 수요 증가에 맞춰 트라이게인™을 제조 및 공급할 계획이다 GE라이팅의 제리 더피(Jerry Duffy) 글로벌 제품 사업 총괄은 “이 같은 기술 혁신은 GE가 가진 LED 분야의 우수한 기술 리더십이 있었기에 가능했다” 며, “또한 GE는 입자의 크기를 줄이고 양자 효율을 향상시키며 기존 PFS 보다 수명을 증가시키는 등 형광체 합성 기술 진보에 큰 역할을 했다. 현재 많은 LED화면이 빨간색을 주황색에 가까운 색으로 구현하고 있다. 하지만 GE의 신기술인 트라이게인™ 개발을 통해 앞으로 소비자들은 보다 생생한 색감을 경험하게 될 것”이라고 강조했다. 트라이게인 형광체는 GE의 재료 과학에 대한 전문성과 역량을 기반으로 개발되었으...
All these 'separate' little statements by the EPA on fluoride might not raise the alarm for those in denial, but take all these separate statements and add them up, they amount to an admission that fluoride is indeed a neurotoxic poison. This video, put together by Experimental Vaccines, takes us right down that path by following one statement to another on GOVERNMENT WEBSITES, it reveals that the American public is exposed to levels of Fluoride contamination well beyond any reasonable safety standard. Prepare yourself, the truth is frightening... Related article... Fluoride Toothpaste Poison for your Brain Reducing Kids IQ's! by EVaccines Experimental Vaccines While living in the most controlled experimental society in human history I have become aware of the giant amount of truth ...
STOP CALLING IT FLUORIDE! Our water is 'fluoridated' with a product called Hydrofluosilicic Acid which is a chemical compound toxic waste by-product of the phosphate fertilizer and aluminum industries. The actual product is made up of 75-80% Water, 20-25% Hydrofluosilicic Acid, 19% Fluoride. INGREDIENTS & USES Hydrofluosilicic Acid contains Radioactive materials or Radionuclides such as: Uranium and Radium. While uranium and radium found in fluorosilicic acids are known carcinogens, two decay rate products of uranium are even more dangerous and carcinogenic: Radon-222 and Polonium-210 (Polonium-210 can be carcinogenic to people if exposed to more than 6.8 trillionths of a gram) It also includes Hazardous Air Pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride; and hazardous metals such as arsenic, ber...
Fluoride and Fluoridation of Water - What is Fluoride? Sodium fluoride, sodium silicofluoride, and fluorosilicic acid are toxic waste products, created in manufacturing processes of fertilizer, aluminum, steel, and nuclear industries. These artificial substances should not be confused with naturally occurring fluoride. For nearly 50 years, the U.S. government and media have been telling the public that fluoride compounds (generally referred to simply as "fluoride") are safe and beneficial chemicals that reduce cavities - especially in children. Manufacturers add it to toothpaste and municipalities put it in the public's drinking water. But fluoride has another side that the government never mentions. It is a toxic industrial pollutant. For decades, U.S. industry has rained heavy doses ...
WATER TREATMENT PLANT MANUALS - http://tinyurl.com/mdznr4d https://web.archive.org/web/20150910213203/http://www.nteu280.org/Issues/Fluoride/flouridestatement.htm (they erased the page now so I had to link to a cached version.....sneaky sneaky...) NTEU CHAPTER 280 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency "SILICOFLUORIDES: Unrefined Industrial Waste" "91% of Americans ingesting artificially fluoridated water are consuming silicofluorides. This is a class of fluoridation chemicals that includes hydrofluosilicic acid and its salt form, sodium fluorosilicate. These chemicals are collected from the pollution scrubbers of the phosphate fertilizer industry. The scrubber liquors contain contaminants such as ARSENIC, LEAD, CADMIUM, MERCURY, AND ****RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES**** , are legally regulated a...
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