Jukebox

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media. The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, when entered in combination, are used to play a specific selection.

History

Coin-operated music boxes and player pianos were the first forms of automated coin-operated musical devices. These instruments used paper rolls, metal disks, or metal cylinders to play a musical selection on the instrument, or instruments, enclosed within the device. In the 1890s these devices were joined by machines which used actual recordings instead of physical instruments. In 1890, Louis Glass and William S. Arnold invented the nickel-in-the-slot phonograph, the first of which was an Edison Class M Electric Phonograph retrofitted with a device patented under the name of Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonograph. The music was heard via one of four listening tubes.

Early designs, upon receiving a coin, unlocked the mechanism, allowing the listener to turn a crank that simultaneously wound the spring motor and placed the reproducer's stylus in the starting groove. Frequently, exhibitors would equip many of these machines with listening tubes (acoustic headphones) and array them in "phonograph parlors", allowing the patron to select between multiple records, each played on its own machine. Some machines even contained carousels and other mechanisms for playing multiple records. Most machines were capable of holding only one musical selection, the automation coming from the ability to play that one selection at will. In 1918 Hobart C. Niblack patented an apparatus that automatically changed records, leading to one of the first selective jukeboxes being introduced in 1927 by the Automated Musical Instrument Company, later known as AMI.

Morgan James

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Morgan James (born November 24, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She has appeared in numerous Broadway plays, including Motown: The Musical, Godspell, and The Addams Family. Her first studio album, Hunter, was released by Epic Records in November 2014.

Early life and education

James was born Morgan Grunerud in Boise, Idaho, the daughter of educators and actors Allen Grunerud and Shellie Harwood. The family moved frequently when James was a child, going from Idaho to Utah, Tennessee, and eventually Modesto, California where she spent her high school years. James was inspired by her actor parents to enter the performing arts, and she joined a choir while in middle school. Her grandmother also bought her a karaoke machine and agreed to pay for singing lessons until James went to college.

James attended high school at Peter Johansen High School in Modesto. She graduated in 1999 and was quickly accepted to The Juilliard School in New York City at age 18. There, she studied opera, and eventually earned her Bachelor of Music in Voice in 2003. In college, James also took a master class headed by Broadway veteran Barbara Cook.

Deepika Padukone

Deepika Padukone (pronounced [d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ]; born 5 January 1986) is an Indian film actress and model. One of the most popular and highest-paid Indian celebrities, she has established a career in Hindi films, and is the recipient of several awards, including three Filmfare Awards.

Padukone, the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone, was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore. As a teenager she played badminton in national level championships, but left her career in sport to become a fashion model. She soon received offers for film roles, and made her acting debut in 2006 as the titular character of the Kannada film Aishwarya. Padukone then played dual roles in her first Bollywood release—the 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Om—and won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Padukone received praise for portraying the lead female roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal (2009) and the drama Lafangey Parindey (2010), but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008) and the comedy Housefull (2010) met with negative reviews.

Hrithik Roshan

Hrithik Roshan (/ˈrɪtɪk ˈrɒʃən/, born 10 January 1974) is an Indian film actor. He has established a successful career in Bollywood, has won six Filmfare Awards, and has been cited in the media as one of the most attractive male celebrities in India.

After making small appearances as a child actor in several films throughout 1980s, Roshan made his film debut with a leading role in his father Rakesh Roshan's romantic thriller Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (2000). His performance in the film earned him Filmfare Awards for Best Actor and Best Male Debut. He followed it with leading roles in Fiza (2000) and Mission Kashmir (2000) and the ensemble blockbuster Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001). After several critically and commercially unsuccessful films, he starred in the science fiction film Koi... Mil Gaya (2003) and its sequel Krrish (2006); the former won him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Roshan received his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his performance in the adventure film Dhoom 2 (2006), and his fourth win was for the historical romance Jodhaa Akbar (2008). He received acclaim for his work as a paraplegic in Guzaarish (2010). His other notable films include the drama Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011), the revenge film Agneepath (2012), and the superhero film Krrish 3 (2013); the latter two rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time. These accomplishments have established him as a leading actor in Bollywood.