- published: 28 May 2012
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- author: london2012
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- 1968 Winter Olympics
- 1972 Summer Olympics
- 1972 Winter Olympics
- 1976 Summer Olympics
- 1976 Winter Olympics
- 1980 Summer Olympics
- 1980 Winter Olympics
- 1984 Summer Olympics
- 1984 Winter Olympics
- 1988 Summer Olympics
- 1988 Winter Olympics
- 1992 Summer Olympics
- 1992 Winter Olympics
- 1994 Winter Olympics
- 1996 Summer Olympics
- 1998 Winter Olympics
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- 2002 Winter Olympics
- 2004 Summer Olympics
- 2006 Winter Olympics
- 2008 Summer Olympics
- 2010 Winter Olympics
- 2012 Summer Olympics
- 2014 Winter Olympics
- 2016 Summer Olympics
- 2018 Winter Olympics
- 2020 Summer Olympics
- Adirondack Mountains
- Albertville
- Alpy (mascot)
- American Black Bear
- Amik
- Ancient Greece
- Aster (mascot)
- Athena and Phevos
- Athens
- Atlanta
- Australia
- Bald eagle
- Barcelona
- Bavaria
- BBC Online
- Bear
- Beaver
- Beijing
- Bigfoot
- Blaze the Phoenix
- Buckinghamshire
- Calgary
- Canada
- Catalan sheepdog
- Chichen Itzá
- Cobi
- Coyote
- Cubism
- Dachshund
- Dog
- Dove
- Echidna
- Feng Shui
- Fish
- France
- Fu Niu Lele
- Fuwa
- Giant panda
- Grenoble
- Han Meilin
- Hidy and Howdy
- Hodori
- Håkon and Kristin
- Ice cube
- Innsbruck
- Izzy (Mascot)
- Jaguar
- Javier Mariscal
- Kermode bear
- Komduri
- Kookaburra
- Korea
- Lance Wyman
- Landor Associates
- Lillehammer
- Lion
- Lizzie (mascot)
- London
- Los Angeles
- Lyo and Merly
- Magique (mascot)
- Mascot
- Matthew Hatton
- Merlion
- Mexico City
- Misha
- Montreal
- Moscow
- Much Wenlock
- Munich
- Nagano, Nagano
- Nanjing
- Natural resources
- Neve and Gliz
- Norway
- Olly, Syd and Millie
- Olympic emblem
- Olympic Flame
- Olympic Games
- Olympic Hymn
- Olympic Oath
- Olympic Order
- Olympic poster
- Olympic symbols
- Orca
- Otl Aicher
- Otto (mascot)
- Owl
- Parabbit
- Paralympic Games
- Paralympic mascots
- Paralympic symbols
- Petra (mascot)
- Petroglyph
- Platypus
- Polar bear
- Proteas (mascot)
- Pseudonym
- Pyeongchang
- Raccoon
- Rio de Janeiro
- Roni (mascot)
- Salt Lake City
- Sam (Olympic mascot)
- Sarajevo
- Schneeman
- Schuss
- Seoul
- Sidekick
- Singapore
- Skier
- Snowball
- Snowman
- Snowshoe Hare
- Sochi
- Sondre (mascot)
- Soviet Union
- Stoke Mandeville
- Summer Olympic Games
- Summer Paralympics
- Swallow
- Sydney
- TBA
- The Snowlets
- Tibetan antelope
- Tiger
- Turin
- U.S. state
- UK
- United States
- Utah
- Vancouver
- Victor Chizhikov
- Waldi
- Western Canada
- Winter Olympic Games
- Winter Paralympics
- Wolf
- YOGGL
- Youth Olympics
-
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event celebrated in Barcelona, Spain, in 1992. The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games, which had been held in the same year since 1924, and place them in alternating even-numbered years, beginning in 1994. The 1992 Summer Games were the last to be staged in the same year as the Winter Games. Due to the end of the Cold War, these games were the first without boycotts since 1972.
Barcelona, the birthplace of then-IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch, was selected over Amsterdam, Belgrade, Birmingham, Brisbane and Paris in Lausanne, Switzerland, on October 17, 1986, during the 91st IOC Session. It had bid for the 1936 Summer Olympics, losing out to Berlin.
See the medal winners, ordered by sport:
169 nations sent athletes to compete in these Games (the number of competitors for each country below is given in brackets). With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, twelve states formed a Unified Team, while the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had their own teams. For the first time, Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina competed as independent nations after separation from Socialist Yugoslavia. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was banned due to UN sanctions, but individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as Independent Olympic Participants. It was also the first Olympics since 1964 that a unified Germany competed at the Olympics. This was the Olympic debut for Namibia and the unified team of Yemen, after several separate participations of North and South Yemen. South Africa returned to the Games after 32 years. Four National Olympic Committees didn't send their athletes to compete: Afghanistan, Brunei, Liberia and Somalia.
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Albertville
Coordinates: 45°40′36″N 6°23′36″E / 45.6767°N 6.3933°E / 45.6767; 6.3933
Albertville (Arpitan : Arbèrtvile) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
The town is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics.
Albertville is situated on the Arly River, close to the confluence with the Isère River. Its altitude is between 345 and 2,037 metres (1,132 and 6,683 ft).
Nearby mountains include: Belle Etoile, Dent de Cons, Négresse, Roche Pourrie, Mirantin, Pointe de la Grande Journée, and chaîne du Grand Arc.
Nearby mountain ranges include: the Bauges; the Beaufortain; and the beginning of the Vanoise.
Albertville was founded in 1836 by the Sardinian king Charles Albert. It also consists of the medieval town of Conflans, which has buildings dating back to the 14th century. Since then, Albertville has developed trade between France, Italy, and Switzerland; and industries such as paper mills and hydroelectricity can be found on its river.
The 1992 Winter Olympics were organised in the Savoie region, with Albertville hosting it. Some of the sports venues were later adapted for other uses. Some sports venues still remain such as the ice rink designed by the architect Jacques Kalisz, although the town is more industrial than touristic.
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Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Barcelona
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is the capital of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of 101.4 km2 (39 sq mi). The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of between 4,200,000 and 4,500,000 within an area of 803 km2 (310 sq mi), being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also Europe's largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the main component of an administrative area of Greater Barcelona, with a population of 3,218,071 in an area of 636 km² (density 5,060 hab/km²). It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 m/1,680 ft).
Founded as a Roman city, Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona became one of the most important cities of the Crown of Aragon. Besieged several times during its history, Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions, including the 1888 Exposición Universal de Barcelona, the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (Expo 1929), the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures, and the 2004 World Urban Forum.
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Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈbaɪ.ɐn] (
listen)), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia), with 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
One of the oldest states of Europe, it was established as a duchy in the mid first millennium. In the 17th century, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, and Bavaria has since been a free state (republic). Modern Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia and Swabia.
The Bavarians emerged in a region north of the Alps, originally inhabited by the Gauls, which had been part of the Roman provinces of Raetia and Noricum. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, probably did not migrate from elsewhere. Rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century. These peoples may have included the Celtic Boii, some remaining Romans, Marcomanni, Allemanni, Quadi, Thuringians, Goths, Scirians, Rugians, Heruli. The name "Bavarian" ("Baiuvarii") means "Men of Baia" which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Celtic Boii and later of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources c. 520. Saint Boniface completed the people's conversion to Christianity in the early-8th century. Bavaria was, for the most part, unaffected by the Protestant Reformation.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃɪər/; archaically the County of Buckingham; abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe.
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire county, is divided into four districts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders Greater London (to the south east), Berkshire (to the south), Oxfordshire (to the west), Northamptonshire (to the north), Bedfordshire (to the north east) and Hertfordshire (to the east).
Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which limits development. It is the location of the nationally important Pinewood Studios and Dorney Lake, which will be holding the rowing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It is also well known for the new town of Milton Keynes and the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty.
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Calgary
Calgary /ˈkælɡᵊri/ is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. The city is located in the grassland and parkland natural regions of Alberta.
As of 2011, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada.
Located 294 km (183 mi) south of Edmonton, Statistics Canada defines the narrowly populated area between these cities as the "Calgary–Edmonton Corridor."
Economic activity in Calgary is mostly centred on the petroleum industry and agriculture. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games.
Before the Calgary area was settled by Europeans, it was inhabited by pre-Clovis people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. In 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was the first recorded European to visit the area, and John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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France
France (English
i/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Grenoble
Coordinates: 45°12′01″N 5°43′20″E / 45.2002°N 5.7222°E / 45.2002; 5.7222
Grenoble (French pronunciation: [ɡʁə.nɔbl]; Arpitan: Grenoblo) is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère. Located in the Rhône-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Isère. The proximity of the mountains has led to the city being known as the "Capital of the Alps."
Grenoble's history goes back more than 2,000 years, and it has been the capital of the Dauphiné since the 11th century. It experienced a period of economic expansion in the nineteenth and 20th centuries, symbolized by the holding of the X Olympic Winter Games in 1968. The city is now a significant scientific centre in Europe.
The population of the city (commune) of Grenoble at the 2008 census was 156,659. The population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: aire urbaine de Grenoble) at the 2008 census was 664,832. The residents of the city are called "Grenoblois".
Among the numerous communes that make up Grenoble are the city's largest suburbs, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Échirolles, and Fontaine, each with a population exceeding 20,000.
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Innsbruck
Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. It is located in the Inn Valley at the junction with the Wipptal (Sill River), which provides access to the Brenner Pass, some 30 km (18.6 mi) south of Innsbruck. Located in the broad valley between high mountains, the Nordkette (Hafelekar, 2,334 metres or 7,657 feet in the north, Patscherkofel (2,246 m or 7,369 ft) and Serles (2,718 m or 8,917 ft) in the south. It is an internationally renowned winter sports centre, and hosted the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics as well as the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics. Innsbruck hosted the first Winter Youth Olympics in 2012. The word bruck comes from the German word Brücke meaning "bridge" which leads to "the bridge over the Inn".
Earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age. Surviving pre-Roman place names show that the area has been populated continuously. In the fourth century the Romans established the army station Veldidena (the name survives in today's urban district Wilten) at Oenipons (Innsbruck), to protect the economically important commercial road from Verona-Brenner-Augsburg.
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Korea
Korea (/kəˈriːə/ kə-REE-ə; Korean: 한국 Hanguk [hanɡuːk] or 조선 Joseon [tɕosʌn] – (see etymology) is an East Asian region that is divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea), and separated from Taiwan to the south by the East China Sea.
Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest the origins of the Korean people might have been Altaic language-speaking people from south-central Siberia,[dubious – discuss] who populated ancient Korea in successive waves from the Neolithic age to the Bronze Age. The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("Hanja" in Korean) in the 2nd century BC, and Buddhism in the 4th century AD, had profound effects on the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
The Three Kingdoms of Korea was first united during the Silla dynasty under the king Munmu of Silla. The united Silla dynasty fell to Goryeo Dynasty in 935 at the end of Later Three Kingdoms of Korea era. Goryeo was a highly cultural state and created the Jikji in the 14th century, using the world's first movable metal type printing press. The Mongol invasions in the 13th century, however, greatly weakened the nation which was forced to become a tributary state. After the Mongol Empire's collapse, severe political strife followed and Goryeo was replaced by the Joseon Dynasty in 1388.
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Lillehammer
Lillehammer (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈlɪləˈhɑmər] (listen)) is a town and municipality in Oppland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. As of May 2011, the population of the town of Lillehammer was 26,639 . The city centre is a late 19th century concentration of wooden houses, which enjoys a picturesque location overlooking the northern part of lake Mjøsa and the river Lågen, surrounded by mountains. Lillehammer hosted the 1994 Winter Olympics and will host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.
The municipality is named for the old timur (Old Norse: Hamarr, "rocky hill") farm, since the first church was built there. To distinguish it from the nearby town and bishopric of Hamar, it began to be called "little Hamar": Lilþlæ Hamar and Litlihamarr and finally Lillehammer.
It is also mentioned in the Old Norse sagas as Litlikaupangr ("Little Trading Place").
The coat-of-arms was granted in 1898. The arms show a birkebeiner, carrying a spear and a shield, who is skiing down a mountainside. It symbolizes the historical importance of when the Birkebeiners carried the to-be-King Haakon from Lillehammer to Rena on skis.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (
i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Merlion
The Merlion (Malay: Singa-Laut) is a mythical creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore. Its name combines "mer" meaning the sea and "lion". The fish body represents Singapore's origin as a fishing village when it was called Temasek, which means "sea town" in Javanese. The lion head represents Singapore's original name — Singapura — meaning "lion city" or "kota singa".
The symbol was designed by Fraser Brunner, a member of the Souvenir Committee and curator of the Van Kleef Aquarium, for the logo of the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) in use from 26 March 1964 to 1997 and has been its trademarked symbol since 20 July 1966. Although the STB changed their logo in 1997, the STB Act continues to protect the Merlion symbol. Approval must be received from STB before it can be used. The Merlion appears frequently on STB-approved souvenirs.
The merlion— a mythical creature with the body of a fish and the head of a lion— occurs in a number of different artistic traditions. Lions with fishtails can be found on Indian murals at Ajanta and Mathura, and on Etruscan coins of the Hellenistic period. Merlions, or ‘heraldic sea- lions’, are an established element of Western heraldry, and have been used on the coat of arms of the cities of Portsmouth and Great Yarmouth in the United Kingdom; the City of Manila; and the East India Company.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Montreal
Montreal (i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
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Moscow
Moscow (
/ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Much Wenlock
Coordinates: 52°35′48″N 2°33′29″W / 52.5966°N 2.5580°W / 52.5966; -2.5580
Much Wenlock, earlier known as Wenlock, is a small town in central Shropshire, England. It is situated on the A458 road between Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth. Nearby, to the northeast, is the Ironbridge Gorge, and the new town of Telford. The population of the town's parish, according to the 2001 census, was 2,605.
The "Much" was added to the name to distinguish it from the nearby Little Wenlock, and signifies that it is the larger of the two settlements. Notable historic attractions in the town are Wenlock Priory and the Guildhall. The name "Wenlock" as found in Much Wenlock and Little Wenlock (And also Great Wenlock, a now obsolete name, but found in some historic sources) is probably derived from the Old English *Wenan loca meaning "Wena's Stronghold" (wéna being feminine and meaning "hope") The town was recorded in the Domesday Book as Wenloch.
The town grew around an abbey or monastery founded around 680 by Merewalh, a son of King Penda of Mercia. King Penda installed his daughter Milburga as abbess in 687. Milburga of Wenlock was credited with many miraculous works. The abbey flourished until around 874 when a Danish Viking attack occurred. In the 11th century another religious house was built on the same site by Leofric, Earl of Mercia and Countess Godiva his wife. In the 12th century this was replaced by a Cluniac priory, established by Roger de Montgomerie after the Norman Conquest, the ruins of which can still be seen and which is now in the hands of English Heritage. It prospered until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539.
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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Sarajevo
Sarajevo (Cyrillic: Сарајево) (pronounced [sǎrajɛʋɔ]) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an estimated population of over 311,161 people within its administrative limits. It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton, which has a population of 438,757. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans.
Sarajevo is the leading social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its region-wide influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts contribute to its status as Bosnia and Herzegovina's major economic center.
The city is historically famous for its traditional cultural and religious diversity, with adherents of Islam, Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Judaism coexisting there for centuries. Due to this long and rich history of religious and cultural variety, Sarajevo is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans". It was, until recently in the 20th century, the only major European city to have a mosque, cathedral, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood.
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Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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Sochi
Sochi (Russian: Сочи; IPA: [ˈsotɕɪ]) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for 145 kilometers (90 mi) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a permanent population of 343,285; up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census, making it Russia's largest resort city.
Sochi will host the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014, as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020. It is also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Sochi has a humid subtropical climate with mild winters (average +11 °C (52 °F) during the day and +4 °C (39 °F) at night in the period from December to March) and comfortable summers (average +24 °C (75 °F) during the day and +16 °C (61 °F) at night period from May to October).
At 145 kilometers (90 mi), Greater Sochi claims to be the longest city in Europe. Other sources using the Caucasus Mountains as the Europe-Asia divide place Sochi in Southwest Asia as it falls on the southern (Asian) side of the Greater Caucasus.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Stoke Mandeville
Coordinates: 51°47′10″N 0°47′29″W / 51.7861°N 0.7914°W / 51.7861; -0.7914
Stoke Mandeville is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south-east of Aylesbury in the county of Buckinghamshire, England. Although a separate civil parish, the village falls within the Aylesbury Urban Area. Stoke Mandeville Hospital, although named after the village, is located on the parish's border with Aylesbury and has the largest spinal injuries ward in Europe.
The village was originally recorded as Stoches in the Domesday Book of 1086, from the Old English word stoc meaning an outlying farm or hamlet. The suffix Mandeville was first recorded in 1284 when the manor was listed as being in the hands of the powerful Norman de Mandeville family. The former medieval parish church on the outskirts of the village was condemned in the mid 20th Century and was demolished in January 1966. The newer red brick parish church of St Mary, consecrated in July 1866 by Bishop of Oxford Samuel Wilberforce, remains as the only church in the village apart from the Methodist church in Eskdale Road.
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Turin
Turin (Italian: Torino, pronounced [toˈriːno] ( listen); Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced [tyˈɾiŋ]; Latin: Augusta Taurinorum) is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
The city has a rich culture and history, and is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its baroque, rococo, neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Much of the city's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built in the 16th and 18th century, after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy (later Kingdom of Sardinia) was moved to Turin from Chambery( nowadays France) as part of the urban expansion.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Utah
Utah (/ˈjuːtɔː/ ori/ˈjuːtɑː/) (Arapaho: Wo'tééneihí' ) is a state in the Western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-most extensive, the 34th-most populous, and the 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,817,222 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state in the Union. It is home to the Salt Lake Temple, and approximately 60% of Utahns are reported to be members of LDS Church which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life.
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Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
wn.com/Vancouver
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Bigfoot
Bigfoot, also known as sasquatch, is an ape-like cryptid that purportedly inhabits forests, mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Bigfoot is usually described as a large, hairy, bipedal humanoid. The term "sasquatch" is an anglicized derivative of the Halkomelem word sásq’ets.
Scientists discount the existence of bigfoot and consider it to be a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a living animal, in part because of the large numbers thought necessary to maintain a breeding population. A few scientists, such as Jane Goodall and Jeffrey Meldrum, have expressed interest and belief in the creature, with Meldrum expressing the opinion that evidence collected of alleged Bigfoot encounters warrants further evaluation and testing. Bigfoot remains one of the more famous examples of a cryptid within cryptozoology, and an enduring legend.
Bigfoot is described in reports as a large hairy ape-like creature, in a range of 6–10 feet (2–3 m) tall, weighing in excess of 500 pounds (230 kg), and covered in dark brown or dark reddish hair. Alleged witnesses have described large eyes, a pronounced brow ridge, and a large, low-set forehead; the top of the head has been described as rounded and crested, similar to the sagittal crest of the male gorilla. Bigfoot is commonly reported to have a strong, unpleasant smell by those who claim to have encountered it. The enormous footprints for which it is named have been as large as 24 inches (60 cm) long and 8 inches (20 cm) wide. While most casts have five toes — like all known apes — some casts of alleged bigfoot tracks have had numbers ranging from two to six. Some have also contained claw marks, making it likely that a portion came from known animals such as bears, which have five toes and claws. Some proponents have also claimed that bigfoot is omnivorous and mainly nocturnal.
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Han Meilin
Han Meilin (Simplified: 韩美林; Traditional: 韓美林; Pinyin: Hán Měilín; born 1936 in Jinan, Shandong) is a famous Chinese artist most recognized today for his creation of the Fuwa dolls for the 2008 Beijing olympics. Han is also known to have lived through hard times during the Cultural revolution.
In 1955 he was admitted to the Central Academy of arts and design (中央工艺美术学院), now part of Tsinghua University. In 1960 he graduated.
Han is also known to have been tortured in the past. In a 2008 interview, Han admitted his tendon was cut during the Cultural revolution. His thumbs became useless until later repaired by doctors.
In 1979, he was elected to the China Artists Association (中国美术家协会). He has also published influential work such as (包过散文). In 1980, he was in the United States, holding art exhibitions in 21 cities including Boston and New York. He was given the key to the city of San Diego as an honorary citizen and the city of Manhattan declared October 1, 1980 as Han Meilin Day. In 1983 six of his work were printed on Christmas cards issued by the United Nations. He also gave lectures at Harvard university.
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Ice cube
Ice cubes are small, roughly cube-shaped pieces of ice, conventionally used to cool beverages. Ice cubes are sometimes preferred over crushed ice because they melt more slowly; they are standard in mixed drinks that call for ice, in which case the drink is said to be "on the rocks."
Ice cubes that are crushed or sheared into irregularly-shaped flakes may add an interesting aesthetic effect to some cocktails. Crushed ice is also used when faster cooling is desired, since the rate of cooling is governed by the number and average radius of the ice particles.
Melting ice cubes sometimes precipitate white flakes, commonly known as "floaties". This is calcium carbonate which is present in many water supplies and is completely harmless.[citation needed]
American physician and humanitarian John Gorrie built a refrigerator in 1844 with the purpose of cooling air. His refrigerator produced ice which he hung from the ceiling in a basin. Gorrie can be considered the creator of ice cubes, but his aim was not to cool drinks: he used the ice to lower the ambient room temperature. During his time, a dominant idea was that bad air quality caused disease. Therefore, in order to help treat sickness, he pushed for the draining of swamps and the cooling of sickrooms.
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Javier Mariscal
Javier, Mariscal is a Valencian Spanish artist and designer whose work has spanned a wide range of mediums, ranging from painting and sculpture to interior design and landscaping. He was born in February 1950 in the city of Valencia, Spain into a family of eleven brothers and sisters. Since 1970, he has been living and working in Barcelona.
Mariscal's language is synthetic, with few strokes and a great deal of expressiveness. He started studying design at the Elisava School in Barcelona which he soon left so that he could learn directly in his environment and follow his own creative impulses. His first steps were in the world of underground comic, a task that he soon combined with illustration, sculpture, graphic design and interior design.
In 1979, he designed the Bar Cel Ona logo, a work that would make him popular. The following year, he opened the first bar in Valencia designed by Mariscal, together with Fernando Salas, the Duplex, for which he designed one of his most famous pieces, the Duplex stool, an authentic icon of the 1980s. In 1981, his work as a furniture designer led him to participate in the exhibition Memphis, an International Style, in Milan. In 1987, he gave an exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and participated in the Documenta de Kassel.
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Lance Wyman
Lance Wyman (b. Newark, New Jersey, 1937) is an American graphic designer. He is known for such work as the logo of the 1968 Summer Olympic Games and the route map of the Washington Metro.
Wyman, the son of a commercial fisherman and a typist, grew up in Kearny, New Jersey, where he worked in the factories during summers to pay for college. He acquired an appreciation for the "no-nonsense functional aesthetic of the sea and the factories", which he has described as "an important influence in my approach to design." He graduated from the Pratt Institute with a degree in industrial design in 1960. The subject of graphic design was just being introduced in American universities at the time; when Wyman met a student who studied logo design with Paul Rand at Yale, he wanted to design logos.
Wyman began his career in Detroit, Michigan, at General Motors, where he worked on a packaging system for Delco automotive parts that unified 1,200 different packages. Later, he moved to the office of William Schmidt[disambiguation needed
], where he produced the graphics for the American pavilion at a 1962 trade fair in Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
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Matthew Hatton
Matthew James Hatton (born 15 May 1981 in Stockport), is a professional boxer, using the nickname "Magic". He is a welterweight, and is a former Commonwealth and World title challenger and the current European Champion.
He is the younger brother of World Champion boxer Ricky Hatton, and has fought on the undercard of many of Ricky's biggest fights.
He is currently ranked #38 in the world and 6 in the United Kingdom in the welterweight division by BoxRec.
Hatton was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England to Ray and Carol. Before becoming a professional boxer, Hatton worked for the family carpet business as a carpet fitter. He and his girlfriend Jenna Coyne have a son named Jack, who was born in 2006. Unlike his brother Ricky, dad Ray, and the majority of his family who are supporters of Manchester City, Matthew supports Manchester United.
Hatton began boxing at the age of 12, and had 22 amateur contests, winning 18.
Hatton's career as a professional boxer began in late 2000 with a point's victory over David White, on the undercard of brother Ricky's fight with Giuseppe Lauri. Hatton was undefeated in his first 13 fights before a point's loss to journeyman David Kirk in 2003. In 2004, Hatton went on to defeat Robert Burton to win the British Central Area welterweight title, and six months later defeated the same man to claim the light middleweight version of the title.
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Otl Aicher
Otl Aicher (May 13, 1922 – September 1, 1991), also known as Otto Aicher, was a German graphic designer.
Born in Ulm, Aicher was a classmate and friend of Werner Scholl, and through him met Werner's family, including his siblings Hans and Sophie Scholl, both of whom would be executed in 1943 for their membership in the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. Like the Scholls, Aicher was strongly opposed to the Nazi movement. He was arrested in 1937 for refusing to join the Hitler Youth, and consequently he was failed on his abitur (college entrance) examination in 1941. He was subsequently drafted into the German army to fight in World War II, though he tried to leave at various times. In 1945 he deserted the army, and went into hiding at the Scholls' house in Wutach.
In 1946, after the end of the war, Aicher began studying sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich. In 1947, he opened his own studio in Ulm.
In 1952 he married Inge Scholl, the older sister of Werner, Hans and Sophie.
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Victor Chizhikov
Victor Andreyevich Chizhikov (Russian: Виктор Андреевич Чижиков) born on September 26, 1935. He is a Russian children's book illustrator and is the designer of the first ever Olympic mascot, Misha, of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games (the XXII Summer Olympics). Chizhikov illustrated more than 100 children's books. He worked closely with writers Eduard Uspensky and Andrei Usachev.
wn.com/Victor_Chizhikov
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London 2012 mascot film 4 - Rainbow to the Games
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:48
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
Watch the final instalment of the adventures of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic mascots, Wenlock and Mandeville. Find out what they get up to on their...
http://wn.com/London_2012_mascot_film_4_Rainbow_to_the_Games
Watch the final instalment of the adventures of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic mascots, Wenlock and Mandeville. Find out what they get up to on their...
Vancouver 2010 Olympic Mascots Miga Quatchi Sumi and Mukmuk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:39
- Updated: 02 Mar 2013
Miga the Sea Bear : Miga is a snowboarding sea bear inspired by the legends of the Pacific Northwest First Nations tales of orca whales that transform into b...
http://wn.com/Vancouver_2010_Olympic_Mascots_Miga_Quatchi_Sumi_and_Mukmuk
Miga the Sea Bear : Miga is a snowboarding sea bear inspired by the legends of the Pacific Northwest First Nations tales of orca whales that transform into b...
- published: 12 Mar 2009
- views: 233060
- author: fiercefunky
London 2012 Mascots Film 1 - 'Out of a Rainbow'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Meet the mascots: http://www.london2012.com/mascots.
http://wn.com/London_2012_Mascots_Film_1_'Out_of_a_Rainbow'
Meet the mascots: http://www.london2012.com/mascots.
- published: 19 May 2010
- views: 763733
- author: london2012
Wenlock tries the Olympic sports - London 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Wenlock - the London 2012 Olympic mascot - tries out each of the Olympic sports in this new animation. Wenlock and Mandeville's adventures continue at http:/...
http://wn.com/Wenlock_tries_the_Olympic_sports_London_2012
Wenlock - the London 2012 Olympic mascot - tries out each of the Olympic sports in this new animation. Wenlock and Mandeville's adventures continue at http:/...
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 245553
- author: london2012
Mascot 100m race at the new 2012 Olympic Stadium London Gold Challenge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
Mascot race at the new 2012 Olympic Stadium gold challenge stratford.
http://wn.com/Mascot_100m_race_at_the_new_2012_Olympic_Stadium_London_Gold_Challenge
Mascot race at the new 2012 Olympic Stadium gold challenge stratford.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 14701
- author: waited99
London 2012 Mascot Dance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:52
- Updated: 25 Sep 2012
Join Wenlock and Mandeville to learn the London 2012 Mascot Dance and celebrate World Sport Day on 25 June 2012. To meet the mascots, please visit http://www...
http://wn.com/London_2012_Mascot_Dance
Join Wenlock and Mandeville to learn the London 2012 Mascot Dance and celebrate World Sport Day on 25 June 2012. To meet the mascots, please visit http://www...
- published: 29 Mar 2012
- views: 320424
- author: london2012
OLYMPIC MASCOTS THROUGH TIME
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
OLYMPIC MASCOTS ENJOY.
http://wn.com/OLYMPIC_MASCOTS_THROUGH_TIME
London 2012 Olympic Mascots Short Movie (England)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
See the mascots on their adventure.
http://wn.com/London_2012_Olympic_Mascots_Short_Movie_England
Fuwa Kawaii Beijing 2008 Olympic Mascots
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
BeiBei, JingJing, HuanHuan, YingYing and NiNi.
http://wn.com/Fuwa_Kawaii_Beijing_2008_Olympic_Mascots
BeiBei, JingJing, HuanHuan, YingYing and NiNi.
- published: 12 Mar 2009
- views: 43054
- author: fiercefunky
Olympic Mascots Through The Years 1968 - 2012!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
all of the summer and winter olympic mascots years 1968 all the way up to 2012. Youth olympics not included. CUTE OR CREEPY?!?!?!?!? Izzy is my favorite, wha...
http://wn.com/Olympic_Mascots_Through_The_Years_1968_2012!
all of the summer and winter olympic mascots years 1968 all the way up to 2012. Youth olympics not included. CUTE OR CREEPY?!?!?!?!? Izzy is my favorite, wha...
- published: 14 Aug 2012
- views: 463
- author: DrummerMagician08
2012 Olympics mascot called Wenlock, what exactly is it?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
Retailers at London's Olympic park are reporting queues round the block as tourists snap up the official merchandise. One product proving particularly popula...
http://wn.com/2012_Olympics_mascot_called_Wenlock,_what_exactly_is_it?
Retailers at London's Olympic park are reporting queues round the block as tourists snap up the official merchandise. One product proving particularly popula...
- published: 31 Jul 2012
- views: 2581
- author: AussieNews1
London 2012 Mascots Film 3 - 'Rainbow Rescue'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 25 Feb 2013
The full-length version of Wenlock and Mandeville's latest adventure 'Rainbow Rescue' (featuring narration by Stephen Fry). Make your own Wenlock and Mandevi...
http://wn.com/London_2012_Mascots_Film_3_'Rainbow_Rescue'
The full-length version of Wenlock and Mandeville's latest adventure 'Rainbow Rescue' (featuring narration by Stephen Fry). Make your own Wenlock and Mandevi...
- published: 23 Dec 2011
- views: 353343
- author: london2012
London 2012 Mascots Film 2 - 'Adventures on a Rainbow'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Wenlock and Mandeville, the London 2012 mascots, are back for the second part of their journey to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012! Meet Wenlock and ...
http://wn.com/London_2012_Mascots_Film_2_'Adventures_on_a_Rainbow'
Wenlock and Mandeville, the London 2012 mascots, are back for the second part of their journey to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012! Meet Wenlock and ...
- published: 01 Mar 2011
- views: 377435
- author: london2012
on a rainbow lyrics.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 01 Mar 2013
Official London Olympic Song - On a Rainbow by Tom and Carrie Fletcher with lyrics. for Year 3 production 'Olympic Odyssey' Jan 2012.
http://wn.com/on_a_rainbow_lyricswmv
Official London Olympic Song - On a Rainbow by Tom and Carrie Fletcher with lyrics. for Year 3 production 'Olympic Odyssey' Jan 2012.
- published: 13 Jan 2012
- views: 207341
- author: Mulfordful
On A Rainbow - Carrie Fletcher, Tom Fletcher & West Leigh Junior School Choir
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
The Official London 2012 Olympic Games Mascot Song Written by Tom Fletcher Download from iTunes now http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/on-rainbow-official-lond...
http://wn.com/On_A_Rainbow_Carrie_Fletcher,_Tom_Fletcher_West_Leigh_Junior_School_Choir
The Official London 2012 Olympic Games Mascot Song Written by Tom Fletcher Download from iTunes now http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/on-rainbow-official-lond...
- published: 15 Sep 2011
- views: 132820
- author: Ceri Watson
Vancouver 2010 Mascots
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Updated: 02 Mar 2013
The 2010 Vancouver Mascots, Quatchi, Miga, Sumi and Mukmuk Vancouver2010Mascots.
http://wn.com/Vancouver_2010_Mascots
The 2010 Vancouver Mascots, Quatchi, Miga, Sumi and Mukmuk Vancouver2010Mascots.
- published: 27 Nov 2007
- views: 199552
- author: ccheng21
U S talk show London Olympics mascot,I am sure that is a Penis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Penisshaped London Olympics Mascots 英國倫敦奧運吉祥物陽具形by lizard151103 2597 views · 1101. Watch Later 中國動畫賣豬完整版2012東京動畫節大獎by bptstar 23288 views · 313. Watch Later Olympic 2012 Mascots Are Subliminal Penisesby Realityintruth 5011 views · 1646. Watch Later Robson vs Clijsters US Open 2012 Highlightsby pdwtennisvidz 22454 views · 350. Watch Later 周柏豪 六天by garyyuen42 115497 views · 312. Watch Later The Man with the World's Biggest Penisby fatawesome ...
http://wn.com/U_S_talk_show_London_Olympics_mascot,I_am_sure_that_is_a_Penis
Penisshaped London Olympics Mascots 英國倫敦奧運吉祥物陽具形by lizard151103 2597 views · 1101. Watch Later 中國動畫賣豬完整版2012東京動畫節大獎by bptstar 23288 views · 313. Watch Later Olympic 2012 Mascots Are Subliminal Penisesby Realityintruth 5011 views · 1646. Watch Later Robson vs Clijsters US Open 2012 Highlightsby pdwtennisvidz 22454 views · 350. Watch Later 周柏豪 六天by garyyuen42 115497 views · 312. Watch Later The Man with the World's Biggest Penisby fatawesome ...
- published: 10 Aug 2012
- views: 765
- author: gyb900831
Molly singing the London 2012 Olympic Mascot Song "On a Rainbow" by Tom & Carrie Fletcher
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
Molly recently received her very own Wenlock & Mandeville toys (2012 Olympic Mascots). She was very excited to find out that Tom & Carrie Fletcher wrote and ...
http://wn.com/Molly_singing_the_London_2012_Olympic_Mascot_Song_On_a_Rainbow_by_Tom_Carrie_Fletcher
Molly recently received her very own Wenlock & Mandeville toys (2012 Olympic Mascots). She was very excited to find out that Tom & Carrie Fletcher wrote and ...
- published: 26 Feb 2012
- views: 40037
- author: MrGrumpyNY
Mcdonalds London 2012 Olympics/Paralympics Sporty Mascot toys in action! (UNITED KINGDOM VERSIONS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:00
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
These are the 2nd set of Happy Meal toys to advertise the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games starring the mascots Wenlock and Mandeville doing differen...
http://wn.com/Mcdonalds_London_2012_Olympics_Paralympics_Sporty_Mascot_toys_in_action!_UNITED_KINGDOM_VERSIONS
These are the 2nd set of Happy Meal toys to advertise the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games starring the mascots Wenlock and Mandeville doing differen...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 782
- author: crazyhippo93
McFly's Tom Fletcher and sister Carrie perform the official olympic mascot song On A Rainbow!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
McFly's Tom Fletcher and sister Carrie perform the official olympic mascot song On A Rainbow! For more visit http://www.sugarscape.com.
http://wn.com/McFly's_Tom_Fletcher_and_sister_Carrie_perform_the_official_olympic_mascot_song_On_A_Rainbow!
McFly's Tom Fletcher and sister Carrie perform the official olympic mascot song On A Rainbow! For more visit http://www.sugarscape.com.
- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 257662
- author: sugarscaper
World Sport Week - Mascot Dance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
London 2012 promotes World Sport Week - Mascot Dance small group version. NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED.
http://wn.com/World_Sport_Week_Mascot_Dance
London 2012 promotes World Sport Week - Mascot Dance small group version. NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED.
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 47359
- author: Steelpanprincess1
Summer Olympics mascots from 1972 to 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
In the history of Olympics, mascot first appeared in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Afterwards mascot has become an important part of Olympic symbol. IOC and...
http://wn.com/Summer_Olympics_mascots_from_1972_to_2012
In the history of Olympics, mascot first appeared in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Afterwards mascot has become an important part of Olympic symbol. IOC and...
- published: 12 Jul 2012
- views: 1811
- author: Linda Green
mascots of the Olympic Games since 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
music．Allegro．Flute Sonata In D, Wq 129．C Bach.
http://wn.com/mascots_of_the_Olympic_Games_since_1972
music．Allegro．Flute Sonata In D, Wq 129．C Bach.
- published: 01 Jun 2008
- views: 9782
- author: andrewckk
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
06 Mar 2013
North Korea has threatened to cancel the 1953 ceasefire that ended the Korean War, citing a US-led push for punishing UN sanctions over its recent nuclear test and ongoing US-South Korean joint military drills. The threat came on Tuesday as the United States, with Chinese backing, introduced a draft UN resolution to punish North Korea for its nuclear test on February 12 ... 415 Source.. Agencies. Share. Send Feedback ... China ... News ... ....(size: 7.2Kb)
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Manila. Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Lai Seng Sin
05 Mar 2013
KUALA LUMPUR. Malaysian security forces attacked a group of armed Filipinos early Tuesday to end the group's three-week occupation of a Borneo village, the prime minister said after the siege turned violent and became Malaysia's biggest security crisis in years ... The Philippine government asked Malaysia on Monday to exercise maximum tolerance to avoid further bloodshed ... 9 ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Ariana Cubillos
06 Mar 2013
Zeenews Bureau. London. Along with the Latin Americans, the world on Wednesday mourned Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez who died of cancer at the age of 58. And many leaders from around the world sent their condolences. After Chavez’s demise, according to leading news agencies, the United States of America is now focused on hopes of new ties with Venezuela. Chavez was seen as a hero by some for his socialist programs, his anti-U.S ... ... ....(size: 7.8Kb)
photo: AP / Howard Yanes
05 Mar 2013
05/03/2013. CARACAS, Venezuela — President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela died Tuesday afternoon after a long battle with cancer, the government announced, leaving behind a bitterly divided nation in the grip of a political crisis that grew more acute as he languished for weeks, silent and out of sight in hospitals in Havana and Caracas. ... Mr ... Mr ... The election is likely to pit Mr. Maduro, whom Mr ... Mr ... Then on Dec ... 11 ... Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Mr....(size: 7.2Kb)
Toronto Sun
07 Mar 2013
McNally High School's missing mascot has been returned home after being cat-napped in November. Following a four-month cat and mouse chase, the person who poached the school's beloved mascot has returned it to the school. "The mascot was returned by one suspect, who was given ... The mascot is worth $5,000....(size: 1.6Kb)
noodls
07 Mar 2013
Last August, two of my sons - both former high school wrestlers - went to the London Olympics to root for our local star, Ellis Coleman, a.k.a., the "flying squirrel," who wrestled Greco Roman ... The governing board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted by secret ballot Feb. 19 to exclude wrestling from its guaranteed slot in the 2020 summer games, reportedly to "modernize" the Olympics ... Many of them dream of the Olympics....(size: 6.8Kb)
Newsday
07 Mar 2013
"The goal is to get the takedown," said Noel Thompson, the former Freeport High and Hofstra wrestling star and member of the newly formed CPOW (Committee for the Preservation of Olympic ) ... As much a badge as the puffy deformities of their ears, caused by blows that lead to excessive growth of scar tissue, is the wrestlers' pride in standing for primary time-honored Olympic ritual and Olympic inclusiveness ... Latest Olympics headlines....(size: 4.6Kb)
noodls
07 Mar 2013
AOC - Australian Olympic Committee Inc) Australia's sport reputation tarnished ... National Olympic boss John Coates says publicity surrounding the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) report into doping and potential crime links has clouded the worldwide reputation of Australia sport ... The AOC had banned the Australian Olympic team from using the sleeping drug, though it is not a performance-enhancing substance on the WADA list....(size: 3.1Kb)
noodls
07 Mar 2013
(Source. AOC - Australian Olympic Committee Inc) Graham fourth at Moguls World Champs. 7 March 2013 Listen. © FIS ... Just last month, the 18-year-old from the NSW central coast town of Gosford, posted a career-best seventh place in the World Cup mogul skiing and Olympic test event in Sochi ... FIS and Olympics.com.au. distributed by. This noodl was issued by AOC - Australian Olympic Committee Inc. and was initially posted at www.olympics.com.au....(size: 2.5Kb)
noodls
07 Mar 2013
The second match in Pool A, Canberra FC versus Canberra Olympic follows before attention switches to Pool B at 4pm as Monaro Panthers clash with ACTAS with the day concluded at 6pm with the Tuggeranong United versus ANU WFC encounter ... Canberra FC v Canberra Olympic ... Olympic though will be sure to prove a tough test ... Having the triumvirate operate as a unit closer in could well provide instant dividends for Olympic ... Canberra Olympic....(size: 10.5Kb)
Stuff
07 Mar 2013
London Olympic bronze medalist Rebecca Scown will team up with new crewmate Kayla Pratt in the women's pair, with Pratt replacing the retired Juliette Haigh from the boat that finished third at Eton Dorney ... There was no place in the team for another Olympic gold medalist in Joseph Sullivan, with his winning crewmate in London, Nathan Cohen, selected in the men's quad sculls boat....(size: 2.1Kb)
Stuff
07 Mar 2013
London Olympic bronze medalist Rebecca Scown will team up with new crewmate Kayla Pratt in the women's pair, with Pratt replacing the retired Juliette Haigh from the boat that finished third at Eton Dorney ... There was no place in the team for another Olympic gold medalist in Joseph Sullivan, with his winning crewmate in London, Nathan Cohen, selected in the men's quad sculls boat....(size: 2.1Kb)
Star Telegram
07 Mar 2013
Posted Wednesday, Mar. 06, 2013. Previous Next. Star-Telegram. The Arlington Heights H.S ... (Star-Telegram/Ron T. Ennis). Star-Telegram. The horn section of the Arlington Heights H.S ... (Star-Telegram/Ron T. Ennis). Star-Telegram. Arlington Heights H.S. cheerleaders and Buzz the mascot greet coaches, teachers and student body to a send-off rally on Wednesday, March 6, 2013 for the boys basketball team that leaves for the state tournament in Austin ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
BBC News
07 Mar 2013
noodls
07 Mar 2013
This demonstration will take place at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colo., at 2 p.m ... The WTF, the international governing body for Olympic Taekwondo, will be making a decision on which Protective Scoring System will be used at the 2013 World Taekwondo Championships ... Scoring System will be in use at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games....(size: 1.8Kb)
noodls
07 Mar 2013
In the other match in Round 1 Canberra Olympic makes the trip to the Riverside Stadium to play Monaro Panthers ... Monaro Panthers v Canberra Olympic ... Leo Exarhos' Canberra Olympic project gets its first real test in the National Premier Leagues ... With established stars such as Victor Yanes, Robbie Schroder, Oliver Wiederkehr et al, Olympic are a genuine title threat ... Canberra Olympic (possible squad)....(size: 8.7Kb)
NZ Herald
07 Mar 2013
Olympic gold medallist Joseph Sullivan is the shock omission from the New Zealand rowing squad for the World Cup in Sydney from March 22-24 ... 2012 Olympic quad representatives Michael Arms and Robbie Manson have replaced Cohen and Sullivan in the men's double ... "@SullivanNZ are you serious? Only man in history of RNZ to win every U23, World and Olympic Final you have entered and not good enough?#joke"....(size: 4.6Kb)
See also: List of Paralympic mascots
The Olympic mascot(s) is(are) a character, usually an animal native to the area or occasionally human figures, who represents the cultural heritage of the place where the Olympic and Paralympic Games are taking place.
Since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France the Olympic Games have had a mascot. The first major mascot in the Olympic Games was Misha in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Starting with the 2010 Vancouver mascots, the Olympic and Paralympic mascots have been presented together.
Contents |
List of mascots[link]
| Games | City | Mascot | Character | Designer | Significance | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 Winter Olympics | Grenoble | Schuss | Stylized skier | Mme Lafargue | (unofficial) | |
| 1968 Summer Olympics | Mexico City | El Jaguar Rojo de Chichen-Itza | Red jaguar | Based on a throne in the shape of a red jaguar in the "El Castillo" pyramid at Chichen Itzá. | ||
| Paloma de la Paz | Dove | Eduardo Terrazas and Lance Wyman | A stylized white dove, it represented the slogan of the games, "Los juegos de la Paz", ("Games of the Peace"). | |||
| 1972 Summer Olympics | Munich | Waldi | Dachshund dog | Otl Aicher | A popular breed in Bavaria, it represented the attributes required for athletes - resistance, tenacity and agility. | |
| 1976 Winter Olympics | Innsbruck | Schneemann | Snowman | It represents the Games of Simplicity. |  |
|
| 1976 Summer Olympics | Montréal | Amik | Beaver | Yvon Laroche, Pierre-Yves Pelletier, Guy St-Arnaud and George Huel |
One of the national symbols of Canada. | |
| 1980 Winter Olympics | Lake Placid | Roni | Raccoon | Donald Moss | Its face design resembles the hat and goggles used by competitors. Named for the Adirondack mountain range. | |
| 1980 Summer Olympics | Moscow | Misha | Bear cub | Victor Chizhikov | The bear was the national symbol of the Soviet Union. | |
| 1984 Winter Olympics | Sarajevo | Vučko | Little wolf | Joze Trobec | Symbolizing the desire of humans to befriend animals. 1=According to the IOC, it helped change the common perception in the region of wolves as frightening and blood-thirsty.[citation needed] | |
| 1984 Summer Olympics | Los Angeles | Sam | Bald eagle | Robert Moore (from The Walt Disney Company) |
The symbol of the United States. | |
| 1988 Winter Olympics | Calgary | Hidy and Howdy | Two polar bears | Sheila Scott | Both represent Western Canadian hospitality. | File:Olympics-hidy-howdy.jpg |
| 1988 Summer Olympics | Seoul | Hodori and Hosuni | Two tiger cubs | Hyun Kim | Common in Korean legends. |  |
| 1992 Winter Olympics | Albertville | Magique | Man-star/snow imp | Philippe Mairesse | ||
| 1992 Summer Olympics | Barcelona | Cobi | A Catalan sheepdog | Javier Mariscal | Drawn in cubist style | |
| 1994 Winter Olympics | Lillehammer | Håkon and Kristin | Two Norwegian children | Both are dressed in Viking clothes. |  |
|
| 1996 Summer Olympics | Atlanta | Izzy | An abstract figure | The first computer-generated mascot. |  |
|
| 1998 Winter Olympics | Nagano | The Snowlets: Sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki |
Four owls | Representing the four major islands of Japan. The first syllable of each name combines phonetically to create the word "Snowlets". | ||
| 2000 Summer Olympics | Sydney | Olly (from "Olympic") |
Kookaburra | Matthew Hatton | Representing the Olympic spirit of generosity. | |
| Syd (from "Sydney") |
Platypus | Representing the environment and energy of the people of Australia. | ||||
| Millie (from "Millennium") |
Echidna | Representing the Millennium. All three mascots are common wild animals found in Australia. | ||||
| 2002 Winter Olympics | Salt Lake City | Powder (a.k.a. Swifter) |
Snowshoe Hare | Steve Small, Landor Associates and Publicis[1] |
All three mascots are indigenous animals of the U.S. state of Utah, and are named after natural resources important to the state's economy. The animals are major characters in the legends of local American Indians, and their stories reflect these legends. Each mascot also wears a charm around its neck with a petroglyph image to remind them of this heritage.[2] | .png) |
| Copper (a.k.a. Higher) |
Coyote | |||||
| Coal (a.k.a. Stronger) |
American Black Bear | |||||
| 2004 Summer Olympics | Athens | Athena and Phevos | Brother and sister | Spyros Gogos | Two modern children resembling ancient Greek dolls. |  |
| 2006 Winter Olympics | Turin | Neve and Gliz | A humanized snowball and ice cube | Pedro Albuquerque |  |
|
| 2008 Summer Olympics | Beijing | The Fuwa: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying, Nini |
Fish, giant panda, Olympic Flame, Tibetan antelope, swallow | Han Meilin | The five names form the Chinese phrase "Beijing huan ying ni" (北京欢迎你), which means "Beijing welcomes you". Each representing an Olympic ring and Feng Shui element. | .jpg) |
| 2010 Winter Olympics | Vancouver | Miga | Mythical sea bear | Meomi Design (a group of Vicki Wong and Michael Murphy) |
Part orca and part kermode bear |  |
| Quatchi | A sasquatch | From Canadian mythology | ||||
| Sumi | An animal guardian spirit | From Galactic News | ||||
| Mukmuk | A Vancouver Island Marmot | Not an official mascot, but their designated "sidekick". | ||||
| 2010 Summer Youth Olympics | Singapore | Lyo and Merly | Red male lion(Lyo), Blue female merlion(Merly) | Cubix International | The two characters are an allusion to the "Lion City" label of Singapore, and the Merlion, a national symbol of Singapore, respectively. |  |
| 2012 Summer Olympics | London | Wenlock & Mandeville[3] | Drops of steel with cameras for eyes. | Iris[4] | Named after the village of Much Wenlock in Shropshire - which hosted a precursor to the modern Olympic Games in the 19th century. Mandeville is named after Stoke Mandeville, Buckinghamshire, UK, where the first Paralympic Games were held, in 1948. Both represent the the UK's start of the Industrial Revolution. | |
| 2012 Winter Youth Olympics | Innsbruck | Yoggl | Alpine Chamois | Florencia Demaría and Luis Andrés Abbiati of Argentina | Yoggl represents the character of the host city of these games[5] | |
| 2014 Winter Olympics | Sochi | Bely Mishka (Polar Bear), Leopard, Zaika (the dore hare) | Silvia Petrova, Vadim Pak, Anatoli Serdechni | |||
| 2014 Summer Youth Olympics | Nanjing | TBA | TBA | TBA | ||
| 2016 Summer Olympics | Rio de Janeiro | TBA | TBA | TBA | ||
| 2016 Winter Youth Olympics | Lillehammer | TBA | TBA | TBA | ||
| 2018 Winter Olympics | Pyeongchang | TBA | TBA | TBA | ||
| 2018 Summer Youth Olympics | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | ||
| 2020 Summer Olympics | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Utah Travel Industry. "2002 Winter Olympics: Emblems and Mascots". http://www.utah.com/olympics/emblem_mascots.htm. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- ^ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2001). Reach: An Educators Guide to the Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002. p. 16. http://www.uen.org/k12educator/reach/. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ^ Farquhar, Gordon (19 May 2010). "BBC Sport - London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC Online (BBC Online). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ http://www.irisnation.com/irisnews/work/london-2012-mascots-launched-to-world/
- ^ Innsbruck 2012
External links[link]
- Official site of the Olympic Movement - Images and information on every game since 1896
- OlympicHistory.info: Mascots (Russian)
- Canadian Olympic Mascots 1976 - 2010
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http://wn.com/List_of_Olympic_mascots
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Олимпийские талисманы
http://fr.wn.com/Mascotte olympique
http://pt.wn.com/Mascotes olímpicas
http://de.wn.com/Olympische Maskottchen
http://it.wn.com/Mascotte olimpica
http://pl.wn.com/Maskotka igrzysk olimpijskich
http://es.wn.com/Mascota de los Juegos Olímpicos
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_mascots
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Thomas Fletcher, see Thomas Fletcher (disambiguation).
| Tom Fletcher | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Thomas Michael Fletcher |
| Born | (1985-07-17) 17 July 1985 (age 26) Harrow, London, England |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, drums, bass guitar |
| Years active | 2003–present |
| Labels | Island, Super |
| Associated acts | McFly, James Bourne, Busted |
| Website | www.mcfly.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Gibson Les Paul Gibson SG Gibson Flying V Fender Stratocaster Music Man Sterling |
|
Thomas Michael "Tom" Fletcher (born 17 July 1985) is an English singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known as one of the lead vocalists and guitarists of English pop rock band McFly,[1] in addition to being the group's founder and principal songwriter. In his nearly ten-year career as a professional songwriter, Fletcher has penned ten UK number one singles and twenty-one top ten singles.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Fletcher was born in Harrow, London, to a working-class family.[2] His father, who worked at Kodak and played in local bands, and mother, a special needs teacher, encouraged and supported his love of music from a young age.[3] He has a younger sister, Carrie Fletcher. When he was 10, Fletcher starred as the main role in Oliver! at the London Palladium alongside Jim Dale as Fagin. He then went on to do a documentary about HIV for schools.
Education[link]
Fletcher attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School, a co-educational independent school in the Marylebone area of the City of Westminster in west London, on a scholarship.[4][5]
Musical career[link]
At 14, Fletcher began writing music commercially.[6] He originally auditioned for Busted[7], but lost out on the place to Charlie Simpson after the record label Island decided the band should be a trio rather than a four-piece; Fletcher states that he was in the band "for approximately 24-hours."[citation needed] Though the record label decided against offering Fletcher a place in Busted, they were intrigued by his songwriting talents and invited him to join Busted member (and already accomplished songwriter) James Bourne on the band's songwriting team. Fletcher has since stated that it was Bourne who taught him how to "properly" structure songs, and how to "come up with good, poppy melodies."[citation needed]
McFly[link]
Main article: McFly
During the writing project for Busted's second album A Present for Everyone, Fletcher was asked by the record label if he was available to film auditions for a new band, V. It was at this time that he and Danny Jones met for the first time; Jones went to the audition mistaking the band to be a Busted-esque band, rather than the conventional, all-singing, all-dancing, boyband, for which they were intended.[8] Fletcher was impressed with Jones's style, and so invited him to write with him and Bourne. When writing projects for Busted had come to an end, the two began collaborating for their own (as yet unnamed) band, and, eventually, moved into the InterContinental Hotel in London for 2 months[9] to concentrate on writing together. Bassist (Dougie Poynter) and drummer (Harry Judd) were subsequently recruited via a classified advertisement in NME magazine.[7] Fletcher suggested McFly for the band's name due to his love for the American science fiction/comedy trilogy Back to the Future and Michael J. Fox's character Marty McFly.[10]
In 2004, McFly made it into the Guinness Book of World Records, beating The Beatles's record for "the youngest band to have a début album go straight to number one".[11] Fletcher has written the majority of McFly's songs with Jones and Poynter, with occasional contributions by Judd; Bourne has also assisted with songwriting on occasions. As of 15 November 2010, McFly have released five studio albums and two compilation albums.
Songwriting[link]
Fletcher has written or co-written ten UK number-one singles: "Crashed The Wedding," "Who's David?," and "Thunderbirds" for Busted; and "Five Colours in Her Hair," "Obviously," "All About You," "I'll Be OK," "Please, Please," "Star Girl," and "Transylvania" for McFly. He co-wrote eight of the songs on A Present for Everyone, as well as all but one ("Not Alone," written by Jones) of the tracks on McFly's debut album, Room on the 3rd Floor. He is the primary writer on the majority of tracks on all five of the band's albums. Of McFly's four members, he has "the most songwriting credits and therefore the most money."[12]
Tom Fletcher wrote "On a Rainbow," the official song of the 2012 Summer Olympics' mascots Wenlock and Mandeville.[13] The song features vocals from him and his sister Carrie. He also wrote the song "I Want" for One Direction's new album.[14]
Other appearances[link]
| Year | Song (Artist) | Album | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | "I Want"[15] (One Direction) | Up All Night | Writer |
Other Work[link]
In 2008, Fletcher contributed to the short story anthology, Wow! 366.[16] Fletcher, along with the rest of McFly, have made a deal with Transworld Publishers to release their memoir in the fall of 2012.[17] He also is scheduled to be releasing a children's story with Dougie Poynter entitled "The Dinosaur That Pooped Christmas", about a boy who gets a pet dinosaur for Christmas. The book is expected to be released in October 2012.[18]
Personal life[link]
On 18 April 2011, Fletcher became engaged to his longtime girlfriend Giovanna Falcone. He proposed to Giovanna Falcone at the Sylvia Young Theatre School where they first met.[19] He currently lives in London with Giovanna and their three cats Marvin, Leia and Aurora.[20] Fletcher and Falcone were married on 12 May 2012.[21] They sold the rights to OK! Magazine. The article was published on 22 May 2012.
References[link]
- ^ "Tom Fletcher biography". McFly Official website. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080701131306/http://www.mcflyofficial.com/theband/index.php?id=3. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ Gannon, Louise. "The super McFly guys". Mail Online (The Daily Mail) (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1033716/The-super-McFly-guys.html#. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ Gannon, Louise. "The super McFly guys". Mail Online (The Daily Mail) (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1033716/The-super-McFly-guys.html#. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ Gannon, Louise. "The super McFly guys". Mail Online (The Daily Mail) (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1033716/The-super-McFly-guys.html#. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ McFly's Tom Fletcher... Accessed 20 March 2011
- ^ Gannon, Louise. "The super McFly guys". Mail Online (The Daily Mail) (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1033716/The-super-McFly-guys.html#. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ a b "McFly Interview by CMU's Chris Cooke". CMU Beats Bar. December 2005. http://www.thebeatsbar.co.uk/ccinterviews/mcfly.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ Alexis Petridis (2004-07-23). "Mad about the boys". The Guardian (London). http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1266615,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "Debut McFly album track by track". McFlyOfficial.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224051039/http://www.mcflyofficial.com/news/index.php?id=310. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "McFly - Harry chats to ilikemusic.com". ilikemusic.com. September 2004. http://www.ilikemusic.com/interviews/-684. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "BBC Interview". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/music/gigs/radio_1_mcfly_interview.shtml. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ^ Pidd, Helen (30 September 2008). "The Party's Over". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/30/popandrock.celebrity. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ London2012. "Mascot song behind the scenes with Tom and Carrie Fletcher - London 2012". London 2012 Official YouTube Channel. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaE_bq-KVaY. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ Renshaw, David (14 September 2011). "One Direction 'Can't Imagine Splitting Up'". http://popdash.com/news/6811/one-direction-cant-imagine-splitting-up. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/news#/news/mcfly-talks-coming-to-america-new-music-1006800552.story?page=2
- ^ "Press Release: Wow! 366". Scholastic. 2008. http://www.scholastic.co.uk/wow_366_press_release. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ "McFly Announce Plans For Biography, Discuss Jessie J Dreams". Yahoo.com. 2012 March 9. http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/news/mcfly-announce-plans-biography-discuss-jessie-j-dreams-102438428.html. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Jamieson, Natalie (2012 March 15). "McFly's Tom Fletcher and Dougie Poynter pen kid's book". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/17385604. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Smart, Gordon. "Mcfly Star Tom is Engaged". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3534914/McFly-star-Tom-Fletcher-is-engaged.html. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ^ Fletcher, Tom. "Tumblr". http://tommcfly.com/post/10106147659/marvin-getting-some-gi-lovin-after-being-beaten-up#notes.
- ^ Sheridan, Emily (12 May 2012). "Mcfly's Tom Fletcher weds Giovanna Falcone". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2143476/McFlys-Tom-Fletcher-weds-Giovanna-Falcone.html. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fletcher, Tom |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 17 July 1985 |
| Place of birth | Harrow, London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
