Sir Ludwig "Poppa" Guttmann CBE, FRS^[1] (3 July 1899 – 18 March 1980) was a German neurologist who founded the Paralympic Games while living in England, and is considered one of the founding fathers of organized physical activities for people with a disability.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

Biography[link]

Guttmann was born into an Orthodox Jewish family in Tost, Silesia, Germany (now Toszek in Poland), the eldest child in the family. He joined the Accident Hospital in Konigshutte in 1917, where he would meet his first spinal cord injured patient. In April 1918, he began his studies in the Medical Faculty of the University of Breslau. He left in Spring 1919 to study at the University of Freiburg, and received his MD in 1924.

He worked in Nazi Germany at the Jewish Hospital in Breslau, later becoming Director of the Hospital. However, when life in Germany became impossible, he and his family emigrated to Oxford, England, in 1939. He began research work there at the Nuffield Department of Neurosurgery.

In 1944, Guttmann was asked by the British government to found the National Spinal Injuries Centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire. He was appointed to the position of director at the Centre, a position he held until 1946. As director, he believed that sport was a method of therapy, using it to help build physical strength and self-respect. By 1952, Guttmann's Stoke Mandeville Games for the disabled had grown to over 130 international competitors, and it continued to grow, impressing Olympics officials and the international community. In 1956, Guttmann was awarded the Fearnley Cup, an award for outstanding contribution to the Olympic ideal.

Ludwig Guttmann's vision of an international games the equivalent of the Olympics was realized in 1960 when the International Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome alongside the official IOC 1960 Summer Olympics. Known at the time as the 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, the Rome games are now recognized as the first Paralympic Games. (The term "Paralympic Games" was retrospectively applied by the International Olympic Committee in 1984.)^[7]

In 1961 Guttmann also founded the British Sports Association for the Disabled, later known as the Disability Sport Events.

In 1961 he was the inaugural President of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia (now the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS))^[8] and was the first Editor of the journal of the Society, Paraplegia (now named Spinal Cord).^[9]

Stoke Mandeville Stadium, the National Centre for Disability Sport in the United Kingdom, was developed by him alongside the hospital.^[10]

Guttmann received Great Britain's OBE and CBE and was honoured worldwide. In 1966 he was knighted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and thus became a KBE (Knight of the Order of the British Empire).

He died of heart failure in 1980 following a heart attack a few months earlier.

Institut Guttmann, a neurorehabilitation hospital in Barcelona, is named in his honour.^[11]

Selected publications[link]

• 1959. The Place of Our Spinal Paraplegic Fellow-Man in Society: A Survey on 2000 Patients. Dame Georgina Buller Memorial Lecture.
• 1973. Spinal Cord Injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research. Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0-632-09680-0.
• 1973. "Sport and Recreation for the Mentally and Physically Handicapped" in The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 1973; 93: 208-21.
• 1976. Textbook of Sport for the Disabled. Aylesbury: HM+M. ISBN 978-0-85602-055-1

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Goodman, Susan (1986). Spirit of Stoke Mandeville: The Story of Sir Ludwig Guttmann. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-217341-7. 
• Rogan, Matt (2010). Britain and the Olympic Games: Past, Present, Legacy. Matador. ISBN 978-1-84876-575-7. 
• Scruton, Joan (1998). Stoke Mandeville: Road to the Paralympics. Aylesbury: The Peterhouse Press. ISBN 978-0-946312-10-8. 
• Silver, John Russell (2003). History of the Treatment of Spinal Injuries. Springer. ISBN 978-0-306-48032-4. 

External links[link]

• International Spinal Cord Society

Brigitte Helm (17 March 1906 – 11 June 1996) was a German actress, best remembered for her dual role as Maria and her double, the Maschinenmensch, in Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film Metropolis.

Career[link]

Born Brigitte Eva Gisela Schittenhelm in Berlin, Helm's first role was that of Maria in Metropolis which she began work on while only 18 years old. After Metropolis, Helm made over thirty other films, including talking pictures, before retiring in 1936. Her other appearances include The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927), Alraune (1928), L'Argent (1928), Gloria (1931), The Blue Danube (1932), L'Atlantide (1932), and Gold (1934).

Though having a 10-year contract with UFA expiring in 1935, Helm incurred the wrath of Nazi Germany for "race defilement" in marrying her second husband Dr. Hugo von Kuenheim, an industrialist of Jewish background.^[1] Helm was also involved in several traffic accidents, and was briefly imprisoned.^[2][3] According to Otto Dietrich's book The Hitler I Knew, Adolf Hitler himself saw that manslaughter charges against her from an automobile accident were dropped.^[4]

In 1935, she moved to Switzerland where she later had four children with Hugo. After her retirement from films, she refused to grant any interviews concerning her film career. Helm was considered for the title role in Bride of Frankenstein before Elsa Lanchester was given the role.^[5]

Selected filmography[link]

• Metropolis (1927)
• The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927)
• The Countess of Monte-Christo (1932)
• An Ideal Husband (1935)

References[link]

Notes

Bibliography

• Curtis, James (1998). James Whale: A New World of Gods and Monsters. Boston, Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-19285-8.
• Semler, Daniel (2008). Brigitte Helm: Der Vamp des deutschen Films. Munich, Belleville. ISBN 3-936298-56-4

External links[link]

• Brigitte Helm at the Internet Movie Database
• Virtual History - Tobacco cards
• German BRIGITTE HELM Homepage
• Obituary at The Independent

The Right Honourable
The Lady Grey-Thompson
DBE

Personal information
Birth name	Carys Davina Grey
Full name	Baroness Grey-Thompson
Nickname(s)	Tanni Grey Thompson
Nationality	Welsh
Born	Cardiff, Wales
Sport
Country	Great Britain  Wales
Sport	Wheelchair athletics
Retired	2007
Now coaching	Jade Jones[1]
Medal record Competitor for  Great Britain Women's athletics Paralympic Games Gold 1992 Barcelona 100 m Gold 1992 Barcelona 200 m Gold 1992 Barcelona 400 m Gold 1992 Barcelona 800 m Gold 1996 Atlanta 800 m Gold 2000 Sydney 100 m Gold 2000 Sydney 200 m Gold 2000 Sydney 400 m Gold 2000 Sydney 800 m Gold 2004 Athens 100 m Gold 2004 Athens 400 m Silver 1992 Barcelona 4 x 100 m Silver 1996 Atlanta 100 m Silver 1996 Atlanta 200 m Silver 1996 Atlanta 400 m Bronze 1988 Seoul 400 m World Championships Gold 1998 Birmingham 200m Gold 2006 Assen 200m Silver 1998 Birmingham 400m Silver 1998 Birmingham 800m Silver 2006 Assen 800m Bronze 2006 Assen 400m

Carys Davina "Tanni" Grey-Thompson,^[2] Baroness Grey-Thompson, DBE (born 26 July 1969 in Cardiff, Wales) is a Welsh former athlete, and currently is a parliamentarian and TV presenter.

Grey-Thompson was born with spina bifida and uses a wheelchair. She is considered to be one of the most successful disabled athletes in the UK. She graduated from Loughborough University in 1991 with a BA(Hons) in Politics and Social Administration.

She was christened Carys Davina Grey, but her sister referred to her as "tiny" when she first saw her, pronouncing it "tanni", and the name stuck.^[3]

Athletic career[link]

Tanni Grey-Thompson's Paralympic career started in the 100m at the Junior National Games for Wales in 1984.

Her international career began in 1988 in Seoul, where she won a bronze medal in the 400m. As a young athlete she also competed in wheelchair basketball. Her fifth and last Paralympic Games were in Athens (2004) where she won two gold medals in wheelchair racing in the 100m and 400m.^[4] In total in her Paralympic career she won 16 medals (11 gold, four silver and a bronze)^[4] and also 13 World Championship medals (six gold, five silver and two bronze).

On 28 February 2007 she announced her pending retirement, with her last appearance for Great Britain at May's Paralympic World Cup in Manchester.^[5]

Over her career she won a total of 16 Paralympic medals, including 11 golds, held over 30 world records, and won the London Marathon six times^[6] between 1992 and 2002.

Post-retirement[link]

In preparation for her retirement from the track, she expanded her television presenting career on BBC Wales and S4C, as well as BBC1.

She is currently a non-executive director for UK Athletics (2007), sits on the board of the London Marathon (2007) and the Board of Transport for London^[7] (2008). She is Chair of the Women's Sports and Fitness Foundation Commission on the Future of Women's Sport.

Grey-Thompson is patron of numerous charities including Sportsleaders UK, and is a trustee of V, the Charity that helps young people become volunteers. She is vice-chairman of the Laureus World Sport Academy, and a trustee of the Sport for Good Foundation. She is also a Council Member for the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, and an International Inspiration Ambassador. As well as this she is the patron of the Tees Wheelyboats Club, a group providing disabled people with access to the River Tees,^[8] and Chair of the Tony Blair Sports Foundation.^[9]

In July 2011 Grey-Thompson was announced as the President of the Leadership 20:20 Commission, the Commission on the future leadership of Civil Society. She launched the Commission's recommendations in Parliament on December 14th 2011.

Parliamentary career[link]

On 23 March 2010, Grey-Thompson was created a life peer on the recommendation of the House of Lords Appointments Commission. Despite previously speaking of a desire for a title with a Welsh connection,^[10] her title was conferred as Baroness Grey-Thompson, of Eaglescliffe in the County of Durham on 23 March 2010.^[11] She was introduced in the House of Lords on 29 March,^[12] swearing the oath of allegiance in both English and Welsh. She sits as a crossbencher.

Honours[link]

In 1993 she received an MBE for services to sport, in 2000 the OBE for services to sport and then in 2005 was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

She has received numerous honorary degrees including honorary doctorates from University of Bath, Leeds Metropolitan University, Loughborough University, Southampton University, Manchester Metropolitan University and the University of Wales. She is currently Pro-Chancellor of Staffordshire University.

Grey-Thompson was named the BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year three times; in 1992, 2000 and 2004. In 2000, she came third in the BBC Sports Personality of the Year, behind Steve Redgrave and Denise Lewis. That year she also received the Helen Rollason Award for her performance at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.

In August 2009, Grey-Thompson was made a member of the Gorsedd at the 2009 National Eisteddfod in Bala, Gwynedd.^[13]

There is a house, Thompson, named after her at Willenhall School Sports College in the West Midlands, where each of the eight houses are named after influential sports stars and local heroes.

Tanni received a Lifetime achievement award and an honorary doctorate from the University of East London in May 2011, at the university's annual Sports Award evening held at West Ham United's Upton Park stadium.

Personal life[link]

Grey-Thompson lives in Eaglescliffe and is married to Dr Ian Thompson. They have one daughter, Carys.

Paralympic World Cup medals[link]

References[link]

1. ^ British Disabled Flying Association (2005). Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson OBE, MBE – new patron for the BDFA. Retrieved December 31, 2005

1. ^ http://ipc-athletics.paralympic.org/news/2011_01_25_c.html
2. ^ London Gazette: no. 59333. p. 2425. 12 February 2010.
3. ^ Paralympian Tanni Grey-Thompson becomes people's peer, BBC News, 29 March 2010
4. ^ ^{a b} Tanni Grey*'s profile on paralympic.org
5. ^ Grey Thompson confirms retirement, BBC Sport, 28 February 2007
6. ^ http://www.personallyspeakingbureau.com/baroness_tanni_grey-thompson_219.html
7. ^ According to her speaker biography
8. ^ Hole, Chris (26 September 2011). "Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson launches new River Tees Wheelyboat". Evening Gazette. http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside-news/2011/09/26/baroness-tanni-grey-thompson-launches-new-river-tees-wheelyboat-84229-29481675/#ixzz1jXti3W1M. Retrieved 15 January 2012. 
9. ^ Tony Blair Sports Foundation Board Members
10. ^ Tomos Livingstone (2010-02-06). "Baroness Tanni determined her title will have a Welsh connection". Western Mail. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2010/02/06/baroness-tanni-determined-her-title-will-have-a-welsh-connection-91466-25773957/. 
11. ^ London Gazette: no. 59375. p. 5330. 26 March 2010.
12. ^ House of Lords – Hansard
13. ^ "Gorsedd honour for female stars". BBC Wales. 2009-06-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8113614.stm. Retrieved 2009-08-03. 

External links[link]

• Website

The Right Honourable Sebastian Coe KBE
Sebastian Coe at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012
Member of Parliament for Falmouth and Camborne
In office 9 April 1992 – 2 May 1997
Preceded by	David Mudd
Succeeded by	Candy Atherton
Personal details
Born	(1956-09-29) 29 September 1956 (age 55) Chiswick, London, UK
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Nicky McIrvine (1990–2002)(divorced ) Carole Annett (2011 to date)
Relations	Peter Coe (father, deceased)
Children	2 sons, 2 daughters
Alma mater	Loughborough University
Occupation	Peer and Athlete

Medal record
Competitor for  Great Britain
Men's Athletics
Olympic Games
Gold	1980 Moscow	1500 m
Gold	1984 Los Angeles	1500 m
Silver	1980 Moscow	800 m
Silver	1984 Los Angeles	800 m
European Athletics Championships
Bronze	1978 Prague	800 m
Silver	1982 Athens	800 m
Gold	1986 Stuttgart	800 m
Silver	1986 Stuttgart	1500 m

Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, KBE (born 29 September 1956), often known as Seb Coe,^[1] is an English former athlete and politician. As a middle distance runner, Coe won four Olympic medals, including the 1500 metres gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984, and set eight outdoor and three indoor world records in middle distance track events (and also participated in a world record relay). His rivalries with fellow Britons Steve Ovett and Steve Cram dominated middle-distance racing for much of the 1980s.^[2]

Following his retirement from athletics he served as a Member of Parliament for the Conservative Party from 1992–97, and became a life peer in 2000. He was the head of the London bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, and, after the International Olympic Committee awarded the games to London, became the chairman of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. In 2007, he was also elected a vice-president of the International Association of Athletics Federations. On 25 August 2011, he was re-elected for another four year term.^[3]

Background[link]

Coe was born in Chiswick, London. His mother, Tina Angela Lal, died in Hammersmith and Fulham, London, in 2005, aged 75. She was half-Indian, born to Punjabi father Sardari Lal and English mother Vera Swan.^[4] His father, Peter Coe (born Percy N. Coe in Kingston-upon-Thames), died on 9 August 2008, aged 88, while Coe was in Beijing.^[5]

Coe was brought up in Sheffield attending Tapton^[6] and Abbeydale Grange schools. He joined athletics team Hallamshire Harriers at the age of 12, and quickly became a middle-distance specialist. He is probably better remembered as representing Loughborough University and later Haringey when not competing for his country.^[7]

He was coached by his father who designed workouts specifically for his son. Coe studied economics and social history at Loughborough University and won his first major race in 1977—an 800-metre event at the European indoor championships in San Sebastián, Spain. It was at Loughborough University that he met athletics coach George Gandy who had developed "revolutionary" conditioning exercise to improve Coe's running.^[8]

Athletic career[link]

Sebastian Coe (#254) was the silver medalist in Men's 800m at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.

He first ran against his great rival Steve Ovett in a schools cross country race in 1972.^[9] Neither won, nor did either win in their first major encounter in the European Championships Prague in 1978 in an 800 metre race, where Ovett (breaking Coe's UK record with a run of 1:44.09) was second and Coe finished third behind the East German Olaf Beyer. According to Pat Butcher,^[10] Coe's father and coach Peter Coe had encouraged him to run as fast as he could from the start. The early pace was indeed exceptionally fast: Coe ran 200 metres in 24.3 seconds, 400 metres in 49.32 seconds and 600 metres in 1:16.2: then he slowed down and finished third in 1:44.76.

A few weeks later Coe was to reclaim the UK record, setting an all-comers' mark of 1:43.97 at Crystal Palace to rank him second in the world that year. In October 1978, Coe displayed impressive endurance for an 800m runner by winning a four-mile road-race in Ireland in 17:54, defeating Eamonn Coghlan (1983 World 5000m champion) and Mike McLeod (1984 Olympic 10000m silver medalist), and breaking Brendan Foster's course record of 18:05.

The next year, 1979, Coe set three world records in 41 days. He set his first world records in Oslo, Norway in the 800-metre (1:42.33) and the mile (3:48.95) and later broke the world 1500 metre record (3:32.03) in Zurich, Switzerland, becoming the first person to hold all three records at the same time.^[9] He easily won the 800m at the European Cup in Turin in August, covering the last 200m in 24.1 and anchored the British 4 x 400m relay team with the fastest split of the quartet, 45.5. He remained undefeated at all distances that year, was voted "athlete of the year" by Athletics Weekly and Track and Field News and was ranked number one in the world at 800m and 1500m: no other athlete since has ranked number one at these distances in the same year.

In 1980 Coe broke Rick Wohlhuter's world record for 1,000-metres with a time of 2:13.40 and held all four middle distance world records simultaneously, the 800m, 1000m, 1500m and the mile, for one hour until Ovett broke his mile record, another unique feat. In the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, Ovett and Coe won each other's speciality; Ovett the 800 metres, and Coe the 1500 metres (Coe came in second in the 800 after running what he described as "the worst tactical race of my life", while Ovett took third in the 1500).^[9] It was Ovett's first defeat at either one mile or 1500 metres in three years and 45 races, and Coe covered the last 400 m in 52.2 and the last 100 m in 12.1 seconds, the fastest ever finish at this distance.^[11][12]

1981 started off in February with an indoor world record over 800 m at Cosford, time 1:46.0. His world record in the 800 metre race in Florence on June 10: his 1:41.73 in the 800 metres remained unbeaten until August 1997. As of 2010, this still stands as the UK record and makes him the third fastest man ever. A month afterwards he set another record with 2:12.18 for 1000 m, which was to last 19 years and to this day has only been bettered once. Coe was more than 1.7 seconds (about 14 m in distance) faster than anyone on record at both distances. Between these two record breaking runs he won the Europa Cup 800 m semi-final, running the last 100 m in 11.3 (the fastest ever recorded in a major international race), and achieved a personal best of 3:31.95 in the 1500 metres, despite dreadful pace making in the initial stages. In August he won the gold medal at the European Cup final, before going on to better the standard for the mile twice; first with a 3:48.53 in Zürich and then with a 3:47.33 in Brussels, either side of Ovett's world record in Koblenz (3:48.40). He ended a remarkable season with gold over 800m at the World Cup in Rome in September, and remained undefeated in both the 1500 metres/mile and the 800 metres for the entire season, as in 1979. Track & Field News and Athletics Weekly magazines voted Coe Athlete of the Year, an honour he had also won in 1979.

Although he had a short season in 1982 due to injuries in June and July, he still managed to rank number one in the world in the 800 metres and participate in a world record 4 x 800 metres relay in which Coe, Peter Elliott, Garry Cook and Steve Cram's time of 7:03.89, was to remain the world record for 24 years. Coe's leg was the fastest of the day, a solo 1:44.01. However he unexpectedly won only silver in the 800 m in the 1982 European Championships in Athletics in Athens. It transpired the next day by British team doctors, that he had been suffering from glandular fever. Coe decided to withdraw from the 1500 metres in those European Championships (Pat Butcher, The Perfect Distance).

1983 started with world indoor records in the 800 metres in Cosford, England (1:44.91, breaking his own 1981 1:46.0) and the 1,000 metres (2:18.58) in Oslo, Norway, but Coe spent most of the year battling health problems including a prolonged bout with toxoplasmosis.^[9] He missed the inaugural IAAF World Championships in Athletics.^[13] The disease was severe and he spent several months in and out of hospital on strong medication.

Coe returned to competition in spring 1984 and was selected for 800 and 1500 metres at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, despite being narrowly beaten by Peter Elliott in the AAA Championships. In the 800 metres he took silver behind Joaquim Cruz of Brazil, but in the 1500 metres he took gold with an Olympic record of 3:32.53. His last 800 m was run in 1:49.8, his last lap 53.2 and his last 100 m in 12.7. He remains the only person to win successive Olympic 1500 metre titles.

"On the day there was only one man and on the day Seb Coe was that man".

—Steve Cram, 1984

Coe planned to have a somewhat quiet season in 1985, due in part to the intensity of the previous year's efforts to get himself ready in time for the Olympics, as well as a planned move up to 5000m, which never materialised. He suffered a recurrence of a back problem which had plagued him on and off since 1980, causing him to miss several weeks of training mid season. Despite this he managed to set some fast times towards the end of the season, but was to lose his Mile world record to Cram, who beat him in Oslo.

In 1986 Coe won the gold medal over 800 m at the European Championships in Stuttgart, beating Tom McKean and Cram.^[14] with a stunning last 200 m of 24.7. It was his only 800 m title at an international championship. He won the silver in the 1500 metres, behind Cram, after running a bad tactical race, and set a personal best over 1500 m with a 3:29.77 min performance in Rieti, Italy, becoming the fourth man in history to break 3:30 for the 1500 m. For the fourth year in his career ('79, '81, '82, '86), Coe ranked number one in the world in the 800 metres and was in the top two for 1500 metres for the 5th time.

He was injured in May 1987^{[clarification needed]} after winning an 800m for his club, Haringey, and was out for the entire season.

The following year he wasn't selected for the British 1988 Olympic Games team, when he failed to qualify from the heats of the 1500m at the Trials in Birmingham. He had shown good early season form, but after a spell of altitude training he picked up a chest infection. The Daily Mirror ran a campaign and the president of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, unsuccessfully tried to have the rules changed in Coe's favour. It was said that the Indian team was willing to include him on account of his mother's parentage.^[15]

Coe had one more good season in 1989, when, at the age of 33 and past his absolute best, he still won the 1500 m AAA title, was ranked number 1 Britain over both 800 m and 1500 m, ran the second fastest 800 m of the year (1:43.38) and won the silver medal at the World Cup over 1500 m. He retired from competitive athletics in early 1990, after having to bow out at the Auckland Commonwealth Games with yet another chest infection. He ended his career with eight different seasons of sub 1:44 800 metre times.

The Trinity College Challenge[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2011)

One scene in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire recreates a race in which the runners attempt to round the perimeter of the Great Court at Trinity College, Cambridge in the time it takes the clock to double strike the hour at midday or midnight. Many have tried to run the 367 metres (401 yards) around the court in the 43.6 seconds that it takes to strike 12 o'clock. Known as the Great Court Run, students traditionally attempt to complete the circuit on the evening of the Matriculation Dinner. The only person recognized to have actually completed the run in time is Lord Burghley in 1927. It was thought that Sebastian Coe had succeeded when he beat Steve Cram in a charity race in October 1988, in a time of 42.53 seconds. But a video of the race apparently shows Coe was 12 metres short of the finish line when the last chime sounded which is why Trinity College never officially accepted his time.

Later career[link]

Coe became Member of Parliament for Falmouth and Camborne in 1992, for the Conservative Party,^[2] but lost his seat in the 1997 general election. He returned to politics for a short time as William Hague's chief of staff, having taken a life peerage in 2000.^[16] During this time he tried his hand at a marathon, running a time of 2 hours and 58 minutes.

When London announced its bid to hold the 2012 Olympics, Coe became an ambassador for the effort and a member of the board of the bid company. With the May 2004 resignation of chairman Barbara Cassani, Coe became the chairman for the latter phase of the bid. As Coe was a well-known personality in Olympic sport, it was felt he was better suited to the political schmoozing needed to secure the IOC's backing. Coe's presentation at the critical IOC meeting in July 2005 was viewed by commentators as being particularly effective, and the bid won the IOC's blessing on 6 July.^[17]

Coe has often said that London 2012 is not only about five weeks of summer sport but about encouraging more people to take up sport at all levels of competition. Coe is the Patron of the British Dragon Boat Racing Association (BDA).^[18]

In September 2008 Coe controversially told reporters "Fuck 'em" when asked about the opposition to the creation of a footballing Team GB from Scottish and Welsh supporters as reported in The London Paper, 30 September 2008, page 5 "Coe: Yes to 2012 GB footy team – The Scots and Welsh? Fuck 'em".^[19]

FIFA[link]

Coe was appointed the first chairman of FIFA's independent watchdog, FIFA's ethics commission. The commission will judge all cases alleging conflicts of interest and breaches of Fifa rules.^[20]

FIFA president Sepp Blatter made the announcement in Zurich on 15 September 2006 and said: "It is perhaps a surprise but it has been very well received. We have found an outstanding personality in the world of sport, a great personality in the Olympic movement." His appointment makes him one of the most senior Englishmen to work for FIFA.^[21]

He stood down from this post to join the English committee that failed to bring the 2018 World Cup to England (it went to Russia).^[22][23]

Personal life[link]

Coe married Nicky McIrvine, a former Badminton three-day-event champion, in Surrey, in 1990, with whom he has two sons and two daughters.^[24] The marriage ended in divorce in 2002 after twelve years and Coe moved out of the family home.^{[citation needed]}

In 2003, Coe began a relationship with Carole Annett (a daughter of the cricketer M. J. K. Smith), the commercial retail editor for House & Garden magazine. In 2004, she left her husband after 15 years of marriage and children and moved in with Coe at his home in Tilford, Surrey. The couple married in summer 2011.^[25]

He is a worldwide ambassador for Nike and owns a string of health clubs with a membership of 20,000. Coe is a knowledgeable follower of a wide range of sports, including football (he is a season ticket holder at Chelsea Football Club) and boxing (he was a steward for the British Boxing Board of Control). He is a multimillionaire^{[citation needed]} and a member of the East India Club, a private Gentlemen's Club in London. He has supported London athletic events like the London 10K of Nike and the British 10K charity race.

On 12 February 2010, Coe was the 19th runner on the 106th day of the Vancouver Olympic Torch Relay. Coe's leg was along the Stanley Park Seawall, and he exchanged a "torch kiss" with the previous runner, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and the next runner, a 19 year old member of the Squamish community.^[26] He featured in an episode of Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series) and is descended from Caribbean sugar farmers and slave owners, and a Governor General of New York (Hyde House) and Edward Hyde of Norbury.^[27]

Awards[link]

Coe was awarded with the first Prince of Asturias Award in sports category in 1987.

Coe was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1982 and an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1990.

He was created a life peer in 2000 as Baron Coe, of Ranmore in the County of Surrey.

In December 2005, Coe was given a Special award at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards ceremony.

He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2006 New Year's Honours List for services to sport.^[17]

In November 2009 Coe was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate in Science from the University of East London.^[28]

Personal bests[link]

Media appearances[link]

• Coe was featured in the Brass Eye spoof documentary on paedophilia.^[29]
• He was a model for menswear retailer Horne Bros.
• Appeared as himself in the episode 'Not a Good Day' from the 4th series (season) of the British sitcom "The Brittas Empire"

Styles and honours[link]

• Mr Sebastian Coe MBE (1982–1990)
• Mr Sebastian Coe OBE (1990–1992)
• Mr Sebastian Coe OBE MP (1992–1997)
• Mr Sebastian Coe OBE (1997–2000)
• The Lord Coe OBE (2000–2006)
• The Lord Coe KBE (2006–)

See also[link]

• Middle distance track event

References[link]

External links[link]

• BBC Panorama: Fifa and Coe
• Sebastian Coe's foreword to 'Running the Race', biography of Olympic champion Eric Liddell ISBN 978-0-85234-665-5
• Sebastian Coe's entries on the official blog of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
• Sebastian Coe Profile: Made In Sheffield
• Guardian profile of Sebastian Coe
• Article by Sebastian Coe about his amazing rise to fame in 1979, The Daily Telegraph, 11 August 2009, Accessed 11 August 2009.
• Sebastian Coe has revamped London's bid for the 2012 Olympics
• Sebastian Coe promises Olympics to remember
• Sebastian Coe greatest race: the 2012 Olympics
• Why London won the games: The Sebastian Coe factor
• Coe Pays Tribute To Lord Stratford
• Students interview Sebastian Coe
• Sebastian Coe's Biography
• England Athletics Hall of Fame citation
• IAAF profile for Sebastian Coe
• Sebastian Coe on Twitter

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by David Mudd	Member of Parliament for Falmouth and Camborne 1992–1997	Succeeded by Candy Atherton
Records
Preceded by Alberto Juantorena	Men's 800 metres World Record Holder 1979-07-05 – 1997-07-07	Succeeded by Wilson Kipketer
Preceded by Filbert Bayi	Men's 1500 m World Record Holder 15 August 1979 – 27 August 1980	Succeeded by Steve Ovett
Preceded by John Walker	Men's Mile World Record Holder 17 July 1979 – 1 July 1980	Succeeded by Steve Ovett
Preceded by Steve Ovett	Men's Mile World Record Holder 19 August 1981 – 26 August 1981	Succeeded by Steve Ovett
Preceded by Steve Ovett	Men's Mile World Record Holder 28 August 1981 – 27 July 1985	Succeeded by Steve Cram
Preceded by Marcello Fiasconaro	European Record Holder Men's 800 m 5 July 1979 – 6 July 1997	Succeeded by Wilson Kipketer
Preceded by Jean Wadoux	European Record Holder Men's 1500 m 17 July 1979 – 26 August 1980	Succeeded by Steve Ovett
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Steve Ovett	BBC Sports Personality of the Year 1979	Succeeded by Robin Cousins
Preceded by Henry Rono	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1979	Succeeded by Eric Heiden
Preceded by Henry Rono	Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1979	Succeeded by Edwin Moses
Preceded by Eric Heiden	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1981	Succeeded by Daley Thompson
Preceded by Edwin Moses	Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1981	Succeeded by Carl Lewis
Preceded by Inaugural Awarded	Prince of Asturias Award for Sports 1987	Succeeded by Juan Antonio Samaranch
Preceded by Liu Qi	President of Organizing Committee for Summer Olympic Games Games of the XXX Olympiad	Succeeded by Carlos Arthur Nuzman