The Adventure Of English - Episode 3 The Battle for the Language of the Bible - BBC Documentary
In the early to mid
14th century,
English fought to be the language of the
Christian Bible through the efforts of theologian
John Wycliffe, who opposed the church's use of a
Latin scripture because it prevented most of the population from reading the bible for themselves. Though
Wycliffe died before English became the official language of the bible, Bragg discusses how his translation eventually led to the transition of various
Latin words into the
English language, including "emperor," "justice,""profession," "suddenly" or "angel."
Eventually,
Henry V of England would use his power to create this
English language bible in the early
15th century. However, the difficulty of creating a common language for all the
English dialects in the
United Kingdom had to be addressed since there was such an array of spellings and pronunciations. Bragg explains, "The '-ing' participle, as in 'running,' was said as '-and' in the
North, '-end' in the
East Midlands, and '-ind' in the
West Midlands. So 'running' could also be said as 'runnand,' 'runnind,' and 'runnend.'" The number of spellings was even greater, Bragg offers sixteen different ways in which the word meaning "church" had been spelt at the time, including "kerke," "kirc," "chirche," "cherge" and "schyrche."
The
Chancery had the duty of creating an official spelling for each spoken word, much of which is still used in modern English. Still, the spelling was confusing because of the debates that went on during this period, for example many words wound up being spelt as to their roots like the words "debt" and "doubt" which came from the
French language. The word "rhyme" was given an "h" simply because the word "rhythm" already had one.
Around this time the
Great Vowel Shift also took place, which altered spoken English from the
Old English pronunciation to a more modern sounding form.
The possession of an
English bible had become illegal once more and
William Tyndale left the country to write his translation of the bible from the original
Hebrew and
Greek version, which he published in 1526. Many of his sayings are still used today, including, "scapegoat," "the apple of mine eye," "eat, drink and be merry," and words such as "beautiful" and "zealous."
Eventually,
Henry VIII of England wished for the creation of an English bible and a new
Church of England so that he could divorce his wife
Catherine of Aragon.
In time,
King James I would create an official version of the bible which had become wide spread with various versions. This bible deliberately used words like "ye" and "thou," which were no longer in common use, to create the sense that the words written would appear to be ancient, to have authority.