- published: 15 Jan 2016
- views: 171658
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils.
First attested in English 1176, the word oil comes from Old French "oile", from Latin "oleum", which in turn comes from the Greek "ἔλαιον" (elaion), "olive oil, oil" and that from "ἐλαία" (elaia), "olive tree". The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek e-ra-wo, written in Linear B syllabic script.
Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural metabolic processes. Lipid is the scientific term for the fatty acids, steroids and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including proteins, waxes and alkaloids.
Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited solubility in water compared to oils. They have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are considerably lacking in oxygen compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively nonpolar molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of phospholipids and steroids.
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil. Another significant route by which oil enters the marine environment is through natural oil seeps.
Oil spills can be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment, and/or adsorption. Spills may take weeks, months or even years to clean up.
Oil penetrates into the structure of the plumage of birds and the fur of mammals, reducing its insulating ability, and making them more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water.
An oil platform, also referred to as an offshore platform or, somewhat incorrectly, oil rig, is a large structure with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil and natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. In many cases, the platform contains facilities to house the workforce as well.
Depending on the circumstances, the platform may be fixed to the ocean floor, may consist of an artificial island, or may float.
Remote subsea wells may also be connected to a platform by flow lines and by umbilical connections; these subsea solutions may consist of one or more subsea wells, or of one or more manifold centres for multiple wells.
Around 1891 the first submerged oil wells were drilled from platforms built on piles in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Marys (a.k.a. Mercer County Reservoir) in Ohio. The wide but shallow reservoir was built from 1837 to 1845 to provide water to the Miami and Erie Canal.
Around 1896 the first submerged oil wells in salt water were drilled in the portion of the Summerland field extending under the Santa Barbara Channel in California. The wells were drilled from piers extending from land out into the channel.
Actors: Kai Chi Liu (actor), Tats Lau (actor), Steven Cheung (actor), Roy Chow (actor), Carlos Chan (actor), Patty Keung (producer), Jeremy Yung (director), Jeremy Yung (producer), Cathy Leung Yue-Yan (actress), Kan Kwan Chun Lawrence (director), Kan Kwan Chun Lawrence (writer), Pancy Chan (actress), Keung Kam-Shan (editor), Oil Chan (actor), Kay Ho (actor),
Plot: A 13-year-old boy falls in love with a girl in a higher form at school. He wishes that he can grow up faster, but soon discovers that life is like music and people are like musical notes. When different notes are being struck together, the result can captivate your heart for a life time...
Genres: Drama, Music, Romance,Actors: William Bakewell (actor), Chester Gan (actor), Harrison Greene (actor), Russell Hicks (actor), Ernest Hilliard (actor), George Humbert (actor), George Irving (actor), Cy Kendall (actor), Fuzzy Knight (actor), Ethan Laidlaw (actor), Hal Price (actor), Harry Tenbrook (actor), John Wayne (actor), Harry Worth (actor), Paul Malvern (producer),
Plot: Bob Randall, temporarily in command of the Coast Guard vessel Niobe, expects a promotion and the captaincy of his ship. Instead, he is replaced by Lieutenant Mays, son of the area commander. Mays is afflicted with a fear of the sea, although he has served well in Coast Guard aviation. His father, however, thinks Mays can overcome his fear by taking command of the Niobe. When seal poachers kidnap Bob Randall's girlfriend Connie, Bob and Mays disagree about the proper means of rescuing her and capturing the seal poachers. When Mays's inexperience and phobia foil their attempts at rescue, Bob comes up with his own plan.
Keywords: action-hero, boat, coast-guard, evil-man, fight, flying, gangster, gun, gun-fire, gunfightWhat’re you gonna do when the oil’s all gone
When you flick that switch and nothing comes on
Jump in your car, it won’t even cross the yard
Alternative energy proved too hard
Me, I’m starting to stink, I can’t wash my clothes
Welcome to the future, but hold your nose
Go to bed early ‘cos I ain’t got a light
From where I’m stumbling the future don’t look bright
We threw it all away [x2]
What’re you gonna do when the oil’s all gone
When you flick that switch and nothing comes on
I can’t even make a joke tonight
Will the last person on Earth turn out the light