Range (statistics)

In arithmetic, the range of a set of data is the difference between the largest and smallest values.

However, in descriptive statistics, this concept of range has a more complex meaning. The range is the size of the smallest interval which contains all the data and provides an indication of statistical dispersion. It is measured in the same units as the data. Since it only depends on two of the observations, it is most useful in representing the dispersion of small data sets.

Independent identically distributed continuous random variables

For n independent and identically distributed continuous random variables X₁, X₂, ..., X_n with cumulative distribution function G(x) and probability density function g(x) the range of the X_i is the range of a sample of size n from a population with distribution function G(x).

Distribution

The range has cumulative distribution function

Gumbel notes that the "beauty of this formula is completely marred by the facts that, in general, we cannot express G(x + t) by G(x), and that the numerical integration is lengthy and tiresome."

Range (music)

In music, the range of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play. For a singing voice, the equivalent is vocal range. The range of a musical part is the distance between its lowest and highest note.

The terms sounding range, written range, designated range, duration range and dynamic range have specific meanings.

The sounding range refers to the pitches produced by an instrument, while the written range refers to the compass (span) of notes written in the sheet music, where the part is sometimes transposed for convenience. A piccolo, for example, typically has a sounding range one octave higher than its written range. The designated range is the set of notes the player should or can achieve while playing. All instruments have a designated range, and all pitched instruments have a playing range. Timbre, dynamics, and duration ranges are interrelated and one may achieve registral range at the expense of timbre. The designated range is thus the range in which a player is expected to have comfortable control of all aspects.

Range (particle radiation)

In passing through matter, charged particles ionize and thus lose energy in many steps, until their energy is (almost) zero. The distance to this point is called the range of the particle. The range depends on the type of particle, on its initial energy and on the material through which it passes.

For example, if the ionising particle passing through the material is a positive ion like an alpha particle or proton, it will collide with atomic electrons in the material via Coulombic interaction. Since the mass of the proton or alpha particle is much greater than that of the electron, there will be no significant deviation from the radiation's incident path and very little kinetic energy will be lost in each collision. As such, it will take many successive collisions for such heavy ionising radiation to come to a halt within the stopping medium or material. Maximum energy loss will take place in a head-on collision with an electron.

Since large angle scattering is rare for positive ions, a range may be well defined for that radiation, depending on its energy and charge, as well as the ionisation energy of the stopping medium. Since the nature of such interactions is statistical, the number of collisions required to bring a radiation particle to rest within the medium will vary slightly with each particle (i.e., some may travel further and undergo less collisions than others). Hence, there will be a small variation in the range, known as straggling.

Hater

Hater or Haters may refer to:

Entertainment

Music

See also

Haters (Tony Yayo song)

"Haters" is the second single from Tony Yayo's second studio album. The song features fellow rapper 50 Cent, Shawty Lo and Roscoe Dash. The song was released as a digital download on March 23, 2011.

Background

The song was originally released onto 50 Cent's website, Thisis50 as well as being premiered by Funkmaster Flex on Hot 97. The song features southern rapper, Shawty Lo who is rumoured to be the newest member of G-Unit Records. The song also sample's Shawty Lo's song, Dey Know. The G-Unit boss 50 Cent referred to the song as, "A hit" on Twitter. The single was released to radio on June 30, 2011. After being released to radio the single started to gain a lot of spins and recognition, the single then charted on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and this saw Tony Yayo's first song on the chart since 2005.

Music Video

Tony Yayo confirmed via his Twitter account that he would be shooting the video for the single in Atlanta on July 29, 2011. The video was shot at Mansion Elan, a club in Atlanta. Rapper Kidd Kidd replaces Roscoe Dash in the video. DJ Drama makes a cameo appearance.

05:22:09:12 Off

05:22:09:12 Off is an album by Industrial/EBM group Front 242. It was released by Sony on 2 November 1993 (see 1993 in music). The album's title is a simple substitution cipher for the word "evil"; where each letter is represented by its equivalent numerical position in the alphabet.

The album was unusual in that it primarily features a female voice, that of Christine "99" Kowalski, on vocals, with Jean-Luc De Meyer only appearing on a few tracks.

Reception

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Front 242. 

Track 14 & 15 on CD version only.

Personnel

References

External links

05:22:09:12 Off at MusicBrainz (list of releases)

Shake (Flavour N'abania song)

"Shake" is a song by Nigerian recording artist Flavour N'abania. It was released on December 24, 2012 as the third single from his third studio album Blessed. It glorifies women with well endowed butts and hips. "Shake" is known by many as a party anthem. Moreover, the music video for the single has garnered over 1.6 million views on YouTube. "Shake" peaked at number 43 on Afribiz's Top 100 Music Chart.

Background and release

"Shake" was written by Flavour N'abania. Prior to releasing the video, he uploaded a "Behind the Scenes Look" of the video to his YouTube page and promoted the video via his Twitter account.

Music video

The music video for "Shake" was shot in South Africa by Godfather Production.

Track listing

Video release history

References