Hyblaean Mountains

Tuesday, 27 November 2012

Modica - Sicily - Italy - UNESCO World Heritage Sites

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Anapo
The Anapo (Sicilian: Ànapu) is a river in Sicily whose name, which in Greek signifies "invisible", derives from the fact that for many parts of its course it runs underground. The Greek myth of Anapos is associated with it.
The river springs from the Monte Lauro in the Hyblaean Mountains (hills), near Palazzolo Acreide, crossing the whole territory of Syracuse, where it flows into the Ciane.
Historically, its waters were used to feed the aqueduct of Syracuse, built in 480 BC by the tyrannt Gelo and running for 22 km. Its waters now power the hydroelectrical station near Solarino.
Coordinates: 37°03′N 15°16′E / 37.05°N 15.267°E / 37.05; 15.267

wn.com/Anapo
Cassibile (river)
The Cassibile (ancient Greek: Kacyparis) is a 30 km long river located in south-eastern Sicily.
The river rises from the Serra Porcari, near Palazzolo Acreide, in the Hyblaean Mountains which form the main part of the mountainous Sicilian southeast. It flows into the Ionian Sea between Capo Negro and Punta del Cane, 23 km south of Syracuse. The river has created a series of canyons and near Avola Antica several waterfalls and small lakes can be accessed by the ancient Scala Cruci staircase.
The area of the canyons and lakes of the Cassibile were declared a Protected Area in 1990 by the regional government of Sicily when they created the Riserva naturale orientata Cavagrande del Cassibile.
Coordinates: 36°56′52″N 15°11′24″E / 36.9478°N 15.19°E / 36.9478; 15.19

wn.com/Cassibile_(river)
Ciane
The Ciane (Sicilian: Ciani) is a short river in southern Sicily, Italy. It flows into the river in correspondence of Syracuse's port, after a run of 8 km and having received the waters of the Anapo.
The name, deriving from the Greek cyanos ("azure"), is connected to the myth of Anapos and the nymph Cyane. On its banks are present spontaneous grows of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus), probably sent to Hiero II of Syracuse by the Egyptian ruler Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The area is now protected as part of the Natural Preserve of Fiume Ciane and Saline di Siracusa, created in 1984.
Coordinates: 37°03′18″N 15°16′12″E / 37.0549°N 15.2701°E / 37.0549; 15.2701

wn.com/Ciane
Dirillo
Coordinates: 37°0′N 14°20′E / 37°N 14.333°E / 37; 14.333
The Dirillo, or Acate, is a 54 kilometres (34 mi) river in Sicily which springs from the Hyblaean Mountains and flows through the areas of Vizzini, Licodia Eubea, Mazzarrone, Chiaramonte Gulfi, Acate, Vittoria, Gela. It enters the Strait of Sicily south-east of the town of Gela. As the largest river in the area it is sometimes known as the Fiume Grande.
The river was known in antiquity as the Achates. Theophrastus in his treatise On Stones (ca. 315 B.C.) indicates that the name of the gemstone achates (agate) was based on the source of such stones from this river.Pliny the Elder makes the same connection in his Naturalis Historia Agate and chalcedony can still be found here. During the period of Arab rule it became known as Wadi‑Ikrilu: ‘The River of Acrille’, an ancient Greek-Roman colony that stood in the surroundings.
In the 1950s the Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili dammed the river near Licodia Eubea to create Lago Dirillo, a reservoir for the Polo petrolchimico di Gela petrochemical plants. With good fishing and camping facilities, as well its natural scenic beauty, this area has become a tourist attraction.

wn.com/Dirillo
Ionian sea
The Ionian Sea (Greek: Ιόνιο Πέλαγος, Greek pronunciation: [iˈonio ˈpelaɣos], Italian: Mar Ionio, Italian pronunciation: [maɾ ˈjɔːnio], Albanian: Deti Jon), is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania to the north, and west coast of Greece.
All major islands in the sea belong to Greece. They are collectively referred to as the Ionian Islands, the major ones being Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas.
There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at −5,267 m (−17,280.2 ft), is located in the Ionian Sea, at 36°34′N 21°8′E / 36.567°N 21.133°E / 36.567; 21.133. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.
The name Ionian comes from Greek Ἰόνιον (πέλαγος). In Ancient Greek the adjective Ionios (Ἰόνιος) was used as an epithet for the sea because Io swam across it. Its etymology is unknown. Ancient Greek writers, especially Aeschylus, linked it to the myth of Io. There were also narratives about other eponymic legendary figures; according to one version, Ionius was a son of Adrias (eponymic for the Adriatic Sea); according to another, Ionius was a son of Dyrrhachus, eponymic for the ancient Greek city of Dyrrhachium (modern Durrës in Albania). When Dyrrhachus was attacked by his own brothers, Heracles, who was passing through the area, came to his aid, but in the fight the hero killed his ally's son by mistake. The corpse was cast into the sea, which thereafter was called the Ionian Sea.

wn.com/Ionian_sea
Ippari
The Ippari is a 28km long river located in the province of Ragusa in south-eastern Sicily.
The river rises in the Mount Serra Brugio area of the Hyblaean Mountains, just below Chiaramonte Gulfi at a height of about 800m a.s.l. and "drains" into the Mediterranean Sea south of the fishing town of Scoglitti. The river passes near the towns of Comiso and Vittoria. The ruins of the ancient Greek city of Kamarina, which used the river as a Canal-port, can be found on the southern bank.
The lower half of its course lies in the The Pino d'Aleppo Nature reserve.
Coordinates: 36°25′00″N 14°26′00″E / 36.4167°N 14.4333°E / 36.4167; 14.4333

wn.com/Ippari
Irminio
The Irminio is a 55km long river located in south-eastern Sicily and is also the most important of the rivers of the province of Ragusa.
The river springs from Monte Lauro, the main peak of the Hyblaean Mountains, which form the main part of the mountainous southeast of Sicily and runs across the province from north-east to south-west before flowing into the Mediterranean Sea 2.5km east of Marina di Ragusa. Its main affluences are the streams Cava Volpe, Ciaramite, Mastratto, and near Ragusa Ibla the streams San Leonardo and Santa Domenica.
Half way through its course the river is housing a small area classified as Oasi Irminio for the brown trout and at its mouth the Natural reserve Macchia Foresta del fiume Irminio of 134 hectars.
The 10 November of 1976 works started to build a dam along the river in the area between Ragusa and Giarratana. The structure, that is 57,10m tall, was completed in 1983 to create the Lago di Santa Rosalia, a reservoir for agricoltural use but also used for recreational fishing.

wn.com/Irminio
Ispica
Ispica (Sicilian: Spaccafurnu, Latin: Hyspicae Fundus) is a city and comune in the south of Sicily, Italy. It is 30 km from Ragusa, 50 km from Syracuse, and 90 km away from La Valletta, on the coast of Malta. The first mention in a document of Ispica occurred in 1093, in a list of churches and ecclesiastic departments for administrative purposes, but the territory has been colonized since the Bronze Age.
The city is located on a hill. The main economical activity consists of farming, especially tomatoes, olives, vineyards. There is 10 km of coastline, most of which is sand and dunes, and an island (Porri island) at 2 km from coast.
The town also hosts examples of Sicilian Baroque architecture such as the Vincenzo Sinatra's Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, the Annunziata Church, the Carmine monastery, and the St. Barthelemy cathedral.
Ispica was destroyed by an earthquake in 1693 and rebuilt on its present site.
The Cava Ispica (Cave of Ispica) consists of a series of housing units carved in rocky formations. Built prior to the Greek colonization, these houses were used until the end of the nineteenth century. This cave, the most important in Eastern Sicily, is 13 km long and is divided among two other comunes, Modica and Rosolini.

wn.com/Ispica
Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

wn.com/Italy
Megara Hyblaea
Coordinates: 37°12′14″N 15°10′55″E / 37.2039°N 15.1819°E / 37.2039; 15.1819
Megara Hyblaea (Greek: τὰ Μέγαρα) – perhaps identical with Hybla Major – is the name of an ancient Greek colony in Sicily, situated near Augusta on the east coast, 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-northwest of Syracuse, Italy, on the deep bay formed by the Xiphonian promontory. There were at least three (and possibly as many as five) cities named "Hybla" in ancient accounts of Sicily which are often confounded with each other, and among which it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish.

wn.com/Megara_Hyblaea
Modica
Modica (Sicilian: Muòrica, Greek: Μότουκα, Latin: Mutyca or Motyca) is a city and comune in the Province of Ragusa, Sicily, southern Italy. The city is situated in the Hyblaean Mountains and, along with Val di Noto, is part of UNESCO Heritage Sites in Italy.
According to Thucydides, the city was founded in 1360 BC or 1031 BC and was inhabited by the Sicels in the 7th century BC. It was probably a dependency of Syracuse. Modica was occupied by the Romans after the battle of the Egadi islands against the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars 241 BC, together with Syracuse and all of Sicily. Modica became one of the thirty-five decuman ("spontaneously submitted") cities of the island and was oppressed by the praetor Verres. It became an independent municipium, and apparently a place of some consequence. The city is also mentioned among the inland towns of the island both by Pliny and Ptolemy; and though its name is not found in the Itineraries, it is again mentioned by the Geographer of Ravenna.Silius Italicus also includes it in his list of Sicilian cities, and immediately associates it with Netum (now Noto Antico), with which it was clearly in the same neighborhood.

wn.com/Modica
Palazzolo Acreide
Palazzolo Acreide (Sicilian: Palazzolu Acrèidi, in the local dialect: Palazzuolu) is a town and comune of in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily (Italy). It is situated 43 km from the city of Syracuse in the Hyblean Mountains.
The area around Palazzolo Acreide was settled by humans since very ancient times. In the 11th-10th centuries BC the Siculi lived here in small villages. The town occupies the site of the ancient Akrai (Latin Acrae), founded by Syracuse about 664 BC. The city was important as it controlled the paths of communication with the towns on the southern coast of the island. According to Thucydides, the Syracusans defeated the Athenians here in 413 BC.
In the treaty between the Romans and Hiero II of Syracuse in 263 BC it was assigned to the latter. After the Roman conquest, it became a civitas stipendiaria, and was still prospering in the course of the early Christian age.
The old city was probably destroyed by the Arabs, in the first half of the ninth century. The new city was built around a Norman castle, no longer extant. An earthquake in 1693 destroyed almost all of the city, which was slowly rebuilt in the following centuries.

wn.com/Palazzolo_Acreide
Ragusa, Italy
Ragusa listen (help·info) (Sicilian: Rausa; Latin: Ragusia) is a city and comune in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with around 75,000 inhabitants. It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. Together with seven other cities in the Val di Noto, it is listed among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The origins of Ragusa can be traced back to the 2nd millennium BC, when in its area there were several settlements of the ancient Sicels. The current Ragusa Ibla lies probably on one of them, identified as Hybla Heraea.
The ancient city, located on a 300 m high hill, entered in contact with the nearby Greek colonies, and developed thanks to the nearby port of Camerina. After a short Carthaginian rule, it was administrated by the Romans and the Byzantines: the latter fortified the city and built a large castle. Ragusa was occupied by the Arabs in 848 AD, remaining under their rule until the 11th century, when the Normans conquered it. Selected as County seat, its first Count was Geoffrey, son of Count Roger I of Sicily.

wn.com/Ragusa,_Italy

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Hyblaean Mountains
Location of the Monti Iblei.
Elevation	986 m (3,235 ft)
Location
Hyblaean Mountains Province of Ragusa, Province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy
Coordinates	37°06′58″N 14°49′13″E / 37.11611°N 14.82028°E / 37.11611; 14.82028Coordinates: 37°06′58″N 14°49′13″E / 37.11611°N 14.82028°E / 37.11611; 14.82028
Climbing
Easiest route	mountain walk from the road at Buscemi

The Hyblaean Mountains (Italian: Monti Iblei)^[1] are a mountain range in south-eastern Sicily, Italy. They are included in the provinces of Ragusa, Syracuse and Catania, and reaches the highest altitude with Monte Lauro, at 986 m.

1 Geology
2 Landscape
3 Main sights
4 Peaks
5 Rivers
6 References

Geology [link]

The range is composed of white limestone rocks, characterized by Karst topography. The name derives from the Siculi king Hyblon, who gave a portion of his territory to Greek colonists to build the town of Megara Hyblaea. The rivers eroded the plateau, forming numerous and deep canyons. In the coastal area sandstone is also present, here called giuggiulena. In some areas, such as that of Monte Lauro (once part of submerged volcanic complex), volcanic rocks are also present.

Landscape [link]

The Hyblaean Mountains are characterized by gentle slopes, interrupted by sharp valleys. In the central area are numerous woods which are intermingled with the typical dry stone walls of south-eastern Sicily. The more populated coast has instead terraced hills, with Mediterranean vegetation, alternated to a plateau with huge cultivations of olive trees, vines, citrus fruit and almonds. Other grows include grain and maize.

River	Length	Province
Anapo^[2]	59 km	Syracuse
Irminio^[3]	55 km	Ragusa
Dirillo	54 km	Ragusa - Catania
Helorus (river)^[4]	45 km	Ragusa - Syracuse
Cassibile (river)^[5]	30 km	Syracuse

River	Length	Province
Ippari^[6]	28 km	Ragusa
Asinaro	22 km	Syracuse
Modica (stream)^[7]	22 km	Ragusa
Tellesimo (stream)^[8]	14 km	Ragusa - Syracuse
Ciane	08 km	Syracuse

References [link]

Grandi Montagne - Sicilia. 2007.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyblaean_Mountains

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Contents

Geology [link]

Landscape [link]

Main sights [link]

Peaks [link]

Rivers [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Hyblaean_Mountains

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Иблейские горы

http://fr.wn.com/Monts Hybléens

http://de.wn.com/Monti Iblei

http://it.wn.com/Monti Iblei

http://es.wn.com/Montes Ibleos