Luke Hartsuyker

Luke Hartsuyker (born 28 April 1959) is an Australian politician. He has been a National Party of Australia member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Cowper in New South Wales since November 2001. Hartsuyker was appointed as the Assistant Minister for Employment and as the Deputy Leader of the House in the Abbott Ministry, and was sworn in on 18 September 2013. He was promoted to Minister for Vocational Education and Skills in the Turnbull Ministry on 21 September 2015; however lost his appointment in a ministerial reshuffle announced on 13 February 2016.

Background and career

Hartsuyker was born in Muswellbrook, New South Wales, and was educated at Newcastle University. He was an accountant and business owner before entering politics.

References

Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.

In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.

The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.

Development corporations

Development corporations are bodies set up in England and Wales by the UK government charged with the urban development of an area, outside the usual system of Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom. Members are appointed by central government and hence they are considered QUANGOs.

New Town development corporations were set up for all the designated New Towns in the United Kingdom. Urban development corporations also existed, which dealt with regeneration in already built-up areas.

Urban development corporations

New town development corporations

Mayoral development corporations

The Localism Act 2011 permitted the Mayor of London to create mayoral development corporations in Greater London.

See also

Footnotes

References

Research and development

Research and Development (R&D), also known in Europe as research and technical (or technological) development (RTD), is a general term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. R&D is a component of Innovation and is situated at the front end of the Innovation lifecycle. Innovation builds on R&D and includes commercialization phases. The activities that are classified as R&D differ from company to company, but there are two primary models, with an R&D department being either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields which may facilitate future product development. In either case, R&D differs from the vast majority of corporate activities in that it is not often intended to yield immediate profit, and generally carries greater risk and an uncertain return on investment.

Background

New product design and development is more often than not a crucial factor in the survival of a company. In an industry that is changing fast, firms must continually revise their design and range of products. This is necessary due to continuous technology change and development as well as other competitors and the changing preference of customers. Without an R&D program, a firm must rely on strategic alliances, acquisitions, and networks to tap into the innovations of others.

Parliamentary secretary

A parliamentary secretary is a member of a Parliament in the Westminster system who assists a more senior minister with his or her duties. In several countries the position has been re-designated as assistant minister.

In the parliamentary systems of several Commonwealth countries, such as the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, it is customary for the prime minister to appoint parliamentary secretaries from his or her political party in parliament to assist cabinet ministers with their work. The role of parliamentary secretaries has varied under different prime ministers. Originally, the post was used as a training ground for future ministers.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, Parliamentary Secretary (in full, usually Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in those departments headed by a Secretary of State) is the third level of government minister, below Minister of State and Secretary of State (or another minister of Secretary of State rank, such as the Chancellor of the Exchequer). Not all departments have all three levels of minister.