Spell (Unix)

Spell is the standard English language spell checker for Unix.

Appearing in Version 7 Unix,spell was originally written by Stephen C. Johnson of Bell Labs in 1975. Douglas McIlroy later improved its accuracy, performance, and memory use, and described his work and spell in general in his 1982 paper "Development of a Spelling list".

Spell has a simple command-line interface: It goes over all the words in a given text file, and prints a sorted list of unique misspelled words in that file. It does not provide any interface for looking for those words in the file, or helping to correct the mistakes. In 1983, a different spell-checker, ispell (the interactive spell-checker), was ported to Unix. ispell had a user interface for showing the spelling mistakes in context and suggesting how to correct them. Since then, the original Spell tool has been mostly considered obsolete.

Another reason Spell is considered obsolete is that it only supports the English language. Modern spell-checkers for Unix and Linux systems, such as aspell, MySpell and hunspell, support a multitude of different languages and character sets. The Single Unix Specification has officially declared Spell a "legacy application", stating that this was done "because there is no known technology that can be used to make it recognise general language for user-specified input without providing a complete dictionary along with the input file." Nevertheless, the Single Unix Specification does not standardize any other spell-checking utility to take Spell's place.

Spell (album)

Spell is the debut album by former Wham! and George Michael bassist, Deon Estus.

The album contained the hit single, "Heaven Help Me", which featured background vocals by Michael, and reached number 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1989.

Track listing

Spell (band)

Spell was a collaboration between Rose McDowall and Boyd Rice. The duo covered several songs from the 1960s and 1970s, often modifying the lyrics to make them darker. For instance, the line in the original song "Seasons in the Sun": "Goodbye Papa, please pray for me" becomes "Goodbye Papa, don't pray for me". Several references to hell and death are added as well.

Discography

Compilation appearances

Pulse (Front 242 album)

Pulse is a studio album by Front 242, released in 2003. It was the group's first studio album in 10 years, since 1993's 05:22:09:12 Off.

Track listing

Notes

Pulse (app)

LinkedIn Pulse was an app for Android,iOS and HTML5 browsers, originally released in 2010. The app, in its original incarnation, was deprecated in 2015 and integrated into LinkedIn.

History

Pulse was originally released in May 2010 for the Apple iPad. The app was created by Ankit Gupta and Akshay Kothari (two Stanford University graduate students) as part of a course at the Institute of Design. The company they formed, Alphonso Labs, was one of the first to use Stanford's business incubator SSE Labs. Pulse received positive reviews for its easy to use interface.

On 8 June 2010, the app was temporarily removed from the App Store hours after it was mentioned by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs at WWDC 2010, because The New York Times complained to Apple about the app pulling content from their feed, even though that feed was in use by other apps in the App Store. The app was approved once again and restored to the App Store later the same day after removing the The New York Times feed.

Pulse (physics)

In physics, a pulse is a single disturbance that moves through a medium from one point to the next point.

Pulse Reflection

Consider a pulse moving through a medium - perhaps through a rope or a slinky. When the pulse reaches the end of that medium, what happens to it depends on whether the medium is fixed in space or free to move at its end. For example, if the pulse is moving through a rope and the end of the rope is held firmly by a person, then it is said that the pulse is approaching a fixed end. On the other hand, if the end of the rope is fixed to a stick such that it is free to move up or down along the stick when the pulse reaches its end, then it is said that the pulse is approaching a free end.

Free End

A pulse will reflect off a free end and return with the same direction of displacement that it had before reflection. That is, a pulse with an upward displacement will reflect off the end and return with an upward displacement.

This is illustrated by figures 1 and 2 that were obtained by the numerical integration of the wave equation.