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Alexander Severus
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – 18 March 235), commonly known as Alexander Severus, was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235. He was the last emperor of the Severan dynasty. Alexander Severus succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222, and was ultimately assassinated himself, marking the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century - nearly fifty years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.
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Antoninus Pius
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus (19 September 86 – 7 March 161), commonly known as Antoninus or Antoninus Pius, was Roman Emperor from 138 to 161. He was a member of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty and the Aurelii. He did not possess the sobriquet "Pius" until after his accession to the throne. Almost certainly, he earned the name "Pius" because he compelled the Senate to deify his adoptive father Hadrian; the Historia Augusta, however, suggests that he may have earned the name by saving senators sentenced to death by Hadrian in his later years.
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Augustus
:For other uses of Octavius, see Octavius (disambiguation). For other uses of Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). For other uses of Augustus, see Augustus (disambiguation).
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Aurelian
:For other uses, see Aurelian (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Aurelian -
Aurelius Heraclianus
Marcus(?) Aurelius Heraclianus (died 268) was a Roman military commander, member of the plot that murdered Empero Gallienus.
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Balbinus
Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (c. 165 – 29 July 238) was Roman Emperor with Pupienus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.
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Caligula
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12 – 24 January AD 41), commonly known as Caligula and sometimes Gaius, was Roman Emperor from 37 to 41. Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's father Germanicus, the nephew and adopted son of emperor Tiberius, was a very successful general and one of Rome's most beloved public figures. The young Gaius earned the nickname Caligula (the diminutive form of caliga meaning "little soldier's boot") from his father's soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania. When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19 AD, his mother Agrippina the Elder returned to Rome with her six children where she became entangled in an increasingly bitter feud with Tiberius. This conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor. Unscathed by the deadly intrigues, Caligula accepted the invitation to join the emperor on the island of Capri in 31, where Tiberius himself had withdrawn five years earlier. At the death of Tiberius in 37, Caligula succeeded his great-uncle and adoptive grandfather.
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Caracalla
Lucius Septimius Bassianus (April 4, 188 – April 8, 217), commonly known as Caracalla, was Roman emperor from 211 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until the latter's death in 211. Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious emperors."Caracalla" A Dictionary of British History. Ed. John Cannon. Oxford University Press, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press."Caracalla" World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. British historian Edward Gibbon referred to him as "the common enemy of mankind" because of the massacres he authorized in various parts of the empire. Caracalla's reign was notable for the Constitutio Antoniniana, granting Roman citizenship to freemen throughout the Roman Empire, according to historian Cassius Dio in order to increase taxation. He debased the silver content in Roman coinage by 25 percent in order to increase the pay of the legions. He also ordered the construction of a large thermae outside Rome, the remains of which, known as the Baths of Caracalla, can still be seen today.
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Carinus
Marcus Aurelius Carinus (died 285) was Roman Emperor (283 – July, 285) and elder son of the Emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed Caesar and co-emperor of the western portion of the empire. Official accounts of his character and career have been filtered through the propaganda of his successful opponent, Diocletian.
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Carus
Marcus Aurelius Carus (c. 230 – July or August 283) was Roman Emperor from 282 to 283. During his short reign, Carus fought the Germanic tribes and Sarmatians along the Danube frontier with success. During his campaign against the Sassanid Empire he sacked their capital Ctesiphon, but died shortly thereafter. He was succeeded by his sons Carinus and Numerian; creating a dynasty which, though shortlived, granted further stability to a resurgent empire.
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Casperius Aelianus
Casperius Aelianus, who served as Praetorian Prefect under the emperors Domitian and Nerva, was a Praetorian Prefect loyal to the Roman Emperor Domitian, the last of the Flavian dynasty. After Domitian's murder and the ascension of the Emperor Nerva, Aelianus laid siege to the Imperial Capital in order to force the capture of the men responsible for Domitian's death, who had not been punished by Nerva. Aelianus succeeded in his demands, greatly weakening the authority of the Emperor, so much so that Nerva realized that his position was no longer tenable without the support of an heir who had the approval of the Roman army. Within two or three months Nerva announced the adoption of the highly respected general Trajan as his successor, and with this decision all but abdicated.
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Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), born Tiberius Claudius Drusus, then Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus until his accession, was Roman Emperor from 41 to 54 AD. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, and was the first emperor to be born outside Italy. Afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship with his nephew Caligula in 37 AD. Claudius' infirmity probably saved him from the fate of many other nobles during the purges of Tiberius' and Caligula's reigns; potential enemies did not see him as a serious threat. His survival led to his being declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard after Caligula's assassination, at which point he was the last adult male of his family.
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Commodus
Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was Roman Emperor from 180 to 192. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. His name changed throughout his reign; see Changes of name for earlier and later forms. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. Commodus was the first emperor "born to the purple"; i.e., born during his father's reign.
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Constantine I
Flavius Valerius Aurelius ConstantinusIn Latin Constantine is the first Christian emperor. Constantine's official imperial title was IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, the pious, the fortunate, the undefeated. After 312, he added MAXIMVS ("the greatest"), and after 325 replaced ("undefeated") with VICTOR, as invictus reminded of Sol Invictus, the Sun God. (c. 27 February 272 – 22 May 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire.
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Constantius Chlorus
Flavius Valerius Constantius (c. 31 March 250 – 25 July 306), commonly known as Constantius I or Constantius Chlorus, was Roman Emperor from 293 to 306. He was the father of Constantine the Great and founder of the Constantinian dynasty.
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Decius
:See also Decius (gens).
http://wn.com/Decius -
Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (30 January 133 or 2 February 137 – 1 June 193) was Roman Emperor for three months during the year 193. He ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. This led to the Roman Civil War of 193–197. Julianus was ousted and sentenced to death by his successor, Septimius Severus.
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Diocletian
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. 22 December 244 – 3 December 311), commonly known as Diocletian, was a Roman Emperor from 284 to 305.
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Domitian
Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was Roman Emperor from 81 to 96. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty.
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Elagabalus
:For the deity with the same name see Elagabalus (deity)
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Faenius Rufus
Faenius Rufus, Roman senator, praefectus annonae, 55-62AD. Tacitus reports that (unlike most holders of that office) he did not profit from it. With Tigellinus, he succeeded Sextus Afranius Burrus as praetorian prefect in 62. In 65, however, he was executed for his part as a member of the Pisonian conspiracy against the emperor Nero.
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Gaius Julius Priscus
Gaius Julius Priscus (3rd century) was military man and member of the Praetorian guard in the reign of Gordian III.
http://wn.com/Gaius_Julius_Priscus -
Galba
Servius Sulpicius Galba (24 December 3 BC – 15 January 69), commonly known as Galba, was Roman Emperor for seven months from 68 to 69. Galba was the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, and made a bid for the throne during the rebellion of Julius Vindex. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors.
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Gallienus
Publius Licinius Egnatius GallienusGallienus' full title at his death was IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PERSICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS TRIBUNICIAE POTESTATIS XVI IMPERATOR I CONSUL VII PATER PATRIAE, "Emperor Caesar Publius Licinus Egnatius Gallienus Pious Lucky Unconquered Augustus Germanic Maxim Persic Tribunicial Power 16 times Emperor 1 time Consul 7 times Father of the Fatherland". (c. 218 – 268), commonly known as Gallienus, was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and alone from 260 to 268. He took control of the empire at a time when it was undergoing great crisis. His record in dealing with those crises is mixed, as he won a number of military victories but was unable to keep much of his realm from seceding.
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Gordian III
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius (20 January 225 – 11 February 244), commonly known as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238. Antonia Gordiana was the daughter of emperor Gordian I and younger sister of emperor Gordian II. Very little is known on his early life before his acclamation. Gordian had assumed the name of his maternal grandfather in 238.
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Hadrian
Publius Aelius Hadrianus (24 January 76 – 10 July 138), commonly known as Hadrian and after his apotheosis Divus Hadrianus, was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138. He is best-known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman territory in Britain. In Rome, he built the Pantheon and the Temple of Venus and Roma. In addition to being emperor, Hadrian is also a notable Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. A member of the gens Aelia, Hadrian was the third of the so-called Five Good Emperors.
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Heraclius
Heraclius (; ) (c. 575 – February 11, 641) was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 610 to 641. He was responsible for abandoning the use of Latin in favor of the Ancient Greek language in official documents, further Hellenising the empire. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, successfully led a revolt against the unpopular usurper Phocas.
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John the Cappadocian
A different John the Cappadocian was Patriarch from 518-520. See John of Cappadocia.
http://wn.com/John_the_Cappadocian -
Licinius
:For other Romans of this name, see Licinia (gens).
http://wn.com/Licinius -
Lucius Seius Strabo
Lucius Seius Strabo or Lucius Aelius Strabo was a prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the rule of the emperors Augustus and Tiberius. The length of Strabo's tenure as Praetorian prefect is unknown, but he held the position together with various colleagues until 15, after which he was appointed to the governorship of Egypt. With this career Strabo distinguished himself by attaining the two highests offices open to men of the equestrian class in the Roman Empire.
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Macrinus
Marcus Opellius Macrinus (ca. 165 – June 218), commonly known as Macrinus, was Roman Emperor from 217 to 218. Macrinus was of Berber descent and the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class.
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Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Verus' death in 169. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers.
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Maxentius
Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c. 278 – 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former emperor Maximian, and the son-in-law of Galerius, also an emperor.
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Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (15 December 37 – 9 June 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and commonly known as Nero, was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68. He was the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor. He succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death.
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Nerva
Marcus Cocceius Nerva (8 November 30 – 25 January 98), commonly known as Nerva, was Roman Emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor at the age of sixty-five, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Under Nero, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian respectively.
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Numerian
Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus (d. November, 284), known in English as Numerian, was a Roman Emperor (December 283 – November, 284), together with his brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a Gaul raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282.
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Ostrogothic
http://wn.com/Ostrogothic -
Otho
For other uses, see Otho (disambiguation).
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Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (1 August 126 – 28 March 193), commonly known as Pertinax, was Roman Emperor for three months from 192 to 193. He is known as the first emperor of the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors. Upon his death he was succeeded by Didius Julianus, whose reign was similarly short-lived.
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Philip the Arab
Marcus Julius Philippus (c. 204–249), commonly known as Philip the Arab or Philippus I Arabs, was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. He came from Syria, and rose to become a major figure in the empire. He achieved power after the death of Gordian III, quickly negotiating peace with the Persian empire. During his reign Rome celebrated its millennium.
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Pupienus
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus (born c. 164/178 – 29 July 238) was Roman Emperor with Balbinus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scant, and thus knowledge of the emperor limited. In most contemporary texts Pupienus is referred to, incorrectly, as 'Maximus' rather than by his family name of Pupienus.
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Ruricius Pompeianus
Ruricius Pompeianus (d. 312 Verona) was Praetorian prefect and Commander of cavalry and infantry under Maxentius, Western Roman Emperor. While guarding the Adige and Po Rivers with the ample and well-directed forces of the province of Venetia, Pompeianus was killed by Constantine I's troops during the desperately-fought Battle of Verona (312).
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Sabinus Julianus
http://wn.com/Sabinus_Julianus -
Sejanus
Lucius Aelius Seianus (20 BC – October 18, AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus, was an ambitious soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. An equestrian by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, of which he was commander from AD 14 until his death in 31.
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Septimius Severus
Lucius Septimius Severus (11 April 145 – 4 February 211), commonly known as Septimius Severus or Severus, was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. As a young man, Severus advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the so-called Year of the Five Emperors. After deposing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus in a bloodless coup, Severus fought his rival claimants, the generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus, and Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum.
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Successianus
Successianus was a Roman general of the Third Century AD of whom very little is known for certain. He appears to have distinguished himself at a lower rank, but, when promoted to Praetorian Prefect by Valerian he failed to save his Emperor from defeat and capture by the Persians.
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Theoderic the Great
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Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (November 16, 42 BC – March 16, AD 37), born Tiberius Claudius Nero, was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced his father and was remarried to Augustus in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian. Tiberius would later marry Augustus' daughter Julia the Elder (from his marriage to Scribonia) and even later be adopted by Augustus, by which act he officially became a Julian, bearing the name Tiberius Julius Caesar. The subsequent emperors after Tiberius would continue this blended dynasty of both families for the next forty years; historians have named it the Julio-Claudian dynasty. In relations to the other emperors of this dynasty, Tiberius was the stepson of Augustus, great-uncle of Caligula, paternal uncle of Claudius, and great-great uncle of Nero.
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Tigidius Perennis
Sextus Tigidius Perennis (?–185) was a prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reigns of the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Under the latter, Perennis was the man who exercised the chief responsibilities of government in the Roman Empire. In 185 however, Perennis was implicated in a plot to overthrow the emperor by his political rival Marcus Aurelius Cleander, and executed under orders of Commodus.
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Titus
:For the personal name, see Titus (praenomen). For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation).
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Trajan
Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (18 September 53 – 9 August 117), commonly known as Trajan, was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117. Born into a non-patrician family in the province of Hispania Baetica, Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a general in the Roman army along the German frontier, Trajan successfully put down the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89. In September 96, Domitian was succeeded by Marcus Cocceius Nerva, an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on 27 January 98, and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident.
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Ulpian
Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus (c. 170 -died 223), anglicized as Ulpian, was a Roman jurist of Tyrian ancestry. The exact time and place of his birth are unknown, but the period of his literary activity was between AD 211 and 222. He made his first appearance in public life as assessor in the auditorium of Papinian and member of the council of Septimius Severus; under Caracalla he was master of the requests (magister libellorum). Elagabalus (also known as Heliogabalus) banished him from Rome, but on the accession of Alexander (222) he was reinstated, and finally became the emperor's chief adviser and praefectus praetorio. His curtailment of the privileges granted to the Praetorian Guard by Elagabalus provoked their enmity, and he narrowly escaped their vengeance; ultimately he was murdered in the palace, in the course of a riot between the soldiers and the mob.
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Valerian (emperor)
:For other uses, see Valerian.
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Vespasian
Titus Flavius Vespasianus , commonly known as Vespasian (17 November 9 – 23 June 79), was Roman Emperor from 69 C.E to 79 C.E. Vespasian was the founder of the Flavian dynasty which ruled the empire for a quarter century. Vespasian was descended from a family of equestrians which rose into the senatorial rank under the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Although he attained the standard succession of public offices, holding the consulship in 51 C.E, Vespasian became more reputed as a successful military commander, participating in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43, and subjugating Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66 C.E. While Vespasian was preparing to besiege the city of Jerusalem during the latter campaign, emperor Nero committed suicide, plunging the empire into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After the emperors Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in April 69 C.E. In response, the armies in Egypt and Judaea declared Vespasian emperor on July 1. In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian gained control of Egypt. On 20 December, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Roman Senate.
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Vitellius
Aulus Vitellius (7/12/15/24 September 15 – 22 December 69), later Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, commonly known as Vitellius, was Roman Emperor for eight months, from 16 April to 22 December 69. Vitellius was acclaimed emperor following the quick succession of the previous emperors Galba and Otho, in a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Vitellius was the first to add the honorific cognomen Germanicus to his name instead of Caesar upon his accession; the latter name had fallen into disrepute in many quarters because of the actions of Nero.
http://wn.com/Vitellius
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Constantinople
Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
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Ravenna
Ravenna [ra'ven:a] is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until 476. It was later the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna until 751. From that year until the invasion of Franks, it was the seat of the king of the Lombards and equalled to Pavia by Aistulf. It is presently the capital of the Province of Ravenna. At 652.89 km² (252.08 sq mi), Ravenna is the second-largest comune in land area in Italy, although it is only a little more than half the size of the largest, Rome.
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Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
http://wn.com/Rome
- Alexander Severus
- Alfenius Varus
- Annullinus
- Antoninus Pius
- Aper
- Arrius Varus
- Augustus
- Aurelian
- Aurelius Heraclianus
- Balbinus
- Byzantine Empire
- Caligula
- Callistus Ballista
- Caracalla
- Carinus
- Carus
- Casperius Aelianus
- Catonius Justus
- Claudius
- Commodus
- Constantine I
- Constantinople
- Constantius Chlorus
- Cornelius Fuscus
- Cornelius Laco
- coup d'état
- Decius
- Didius Julianus
- Diocletian
- Domitian
- Elagabalus
- equites
- Faenius Rufus
- Five Good Emperors
- Flavian dynasty
- Flavianus
- Flavius Juvenalis
- Furius Victorinus
- Gaius Julius Priscus
- Galba
- Gallienus
- Geminius Chrestus
- Gordian III
- Hadrian
- Heraclius
- John the Cappadocian
- Julianus Nestor
- Julius Asclepiodotus
- Julius Basilianus
- Julius Julianus
- Junius Annius Bassus
- Junius Priscus
- Licinius
- Licinius Proculus
- Lucius Julius Ursus
- Lucius Lusius Geta
- Lucius Seius Strabo
- Macrianus
- Macrinius Vindex
- Macrinus
- Maecius Gordianus
- magister militum
- Marcius Quartus
- Marcius Turbo
- Marcus Aurelius
- Maxentius
- Maximinus Thrax
- Motilenus
- Nero
- Nerva
- Numerian
- Nymphidius Sabinus
- Ostrogothic
- Otho
- Papinian
- Paullus
- Pertinax
- Philip the Arab
- Pinarius Valens
- Placidianus
- Plotius Firmus
- Praetorian Guard
- prefect
- Publius Sabinus
- Publius Salvius Aper
- Publius Varius Ligur
- Pupienus
- Quietus
- Ravenna
- Roman diocese
- Roman Empire
- Roman province
- Rome
- Rufius Volusianus
- Rufrius Crispinus
- Rufrius Pollio
- Ruricius Pompeianus
- Sabinus Julianus
- Sejanus
- Septimius Severus
- Severan dynasty
- Severus
- Successianus
- tetrarchy
- Theoderic the Great
- Tiberius
- Tigellinus
- Tigidius Perennis
- Titus
- Titus Longaeus Rufus
- Trajan
- Tullius Crispinus
- Ulpian
- Ulpius Julianus
- Valerian (emperor)
- Valerius Patruinus
- Vespasian
- Vicarius
- Vitellius
- Western Roman Empire
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ACB Rift / Glyph Location: Castra Praetoria
ACB Rift Location: Castra Praetoria Puzzle can be found on another video.
http://wn.com/ACB_Rift_/_Glyph_Location_Castra_Praetoria
Assassin Creed Brotherhood - Castra Praetoria Glyph Location and Cluster 4 Puzzle.MPG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Published: 25 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 20 Aug 2011
- Author: fred12662000
Assassin Creed Brotherhood - Castra Praetoria Glyph Location and Cluster 4 Puzzle
http://wn.com/Assassin_Creed_Brotherhood__Castra_Praetoria_Glyph_Location_and_Cluster_4_PuzzleMPG
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood - Cluster 3: Castra Praetoria Location & Puzzle HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 04 Jan 2011
- Uploaded: 24 Dec 2011
- Author: MichaelXboxEvolved
Follow me on Twitter: www.twitter.com The critically acclaimed single-player experience of Assassin's Creed is back and better than ever as Ezio returns in an epic struggle against the powerful Templar Order. Now a legendary Master Assassin, Ezio must journey into Italy's greatest city, Rome, center of power, greed and corruption to strike at the heart of the enemy. Defeating the corrupt tyrants entrenched there will require not only strength, but leadership, as Ezio commands an entire Brotherhood that will rally to his side. Only by working together can the Assassins defeat their mortal enemies. Assassin's Creed Brotherhood offers a never-before-seen multiplayer layer. Players can help the Templars by using Abstergo to train in the art of Assassination to eliminate the Assassins once and for all. Players can choose from a wide range of unique characters, each with their own signature weapons and assassination techniques, and match their skills against other players from all over the world in different game modes.
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood__Cluster_3_Castra_Praetoria_Location_Puzzle_HD
Assassins Creed Brotherhood - Glyph Location 3: Castra Praetoria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Published: 08 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 04 Jan 2012
- Author: thenick5000
In this video i will show where my 3rd glyph: Castra Praetoria is. you need some game progress to reach this place!! enjoy
http://wn.com/Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood__Glyph_Location_3_Castra_Praetoria
Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood - Castra Praetoria Borgia Flag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:43
- Published: 04 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 25 Sep 2011
- Author: nfazio62293
Assassins Creed Brotherhood Glyph location- Castra Praetoria (glyph 2)
Assassins Creed Brotherhood Glyph locations
http://wn.com/Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood_Glyph_location_Castra_Praetoria_glyph_2
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood - Prawda -Grupa 9- Castra Praetoria
9 Prawda przy Castra Praetoria
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood__Prawda_-Grupa_9_Castra_Praetoria
![Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 6 - Castra Praetoria [GER/HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120120112736im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/KZRD0_cEoEY/0.jpg "Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 6 - Castra Praetoria [GER/HD]")
Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 6 - Castra Praetoria [GER/HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Published: 30 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 30 Aug 2011
- Author: Nyankiller
Ort : Castra Praetoria Lösung : Linkes Bild der Kameramann Code : 20 27 33 13 Felder 1 2 4 G1 zu F3
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Cluster_Guide__Cluster_6__Castra_Praetoria_ GER/HD
Assassins Creed Brotherhood - Glyph Location 5: Caserma di Alviano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Published: 11 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 17 Jan 2012
- Author: thenick5000
And here is my 5th glyph Location: Castra Praetoria from the game Assassins Creed Brotherhood enjoy
http://wn.com/Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood__Glyph_Location_5_Caserma_di_Alviano
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood Glyph Locations and Clusters Puzzles Solutions 2/3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Published: 19 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 18 Jan 2012
- Author: XPlaythrough
*** clusters 6-8 *** Glyph: *** - Caserma di Alviano - Santa Maria - Castra Praetoria Annotaion for cluster 8 added
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood_Glyph_Locations_and_Clusters_Puzzles_Solutions_2/3
Assassins Creed Brotherhood Cluster Two Location & Solution
This is cluster two's location & solution vid, again took some time to figure out but hope this helps. The location of this cluster is in the campagna district and the name of the location is Castra Praetoria.
http://wn.com/Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood_Cluster_Two_Location_Solution
Czech lets play Assassins Creed Brotherhood part36
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:28
- Published: 20 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: GhostLetsPlays
dostávání se do pevnosti castra Praetoria PLEASE comment, like and subscribe
http://wn.com/Czech_lets_play_Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood_part36
The Praetorian Guard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Published: 14 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 10 Dec 2011
- Author: 14GloryofRome14
In this video, I explain the complexities of the Praetorian Guard. How they were commanded, what roles they played, down to the equipment they wore, all these topics will be explored.
http://wn.com/The_Praetorian_Guard
AC Brotherhood How to Climb Castel Sant'Angelo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Published: 21 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 16 Jan 2012
- Author: unfathomble
here is how to climb the one tall place in AC Brotherhood
http://wn.com/AC_Brotherhood_How_to_Climb_Castel_Sant'Angelo
ACB Rift / Glyph Location: Castel Sant'Angelo
ACB Rift Location: Castel Sant'Angelo Puzzle can be found on another video.
http://wn.com/ACB_Rift_/_Glyph_Location_Castel_Sant'Angelo
AC Brotherhood: Climbing Castel Sant'Angelo-The Highest Point In The Game.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Published: 20 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 03 Jan 2012
- Author: BobZeConqueror
This video shows you how to climb the castel as well as the view from the top.
http://wn.com/AC_Brotherhood_Climbing_Castel_Sant'Angelo-The_Highest_Point_In_The_Game
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood - Cluster 5: Castel Sant'Angelo Location & Puzzle HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 04 Jan 2011
- Uploaded: 15 Jan 2012
- Author: MichaelXboxEvolved
Follow me on Twitter: www.twitter.com The critically acclaimed single-player experience of Assassin's Creed is back and better than ever as Ezio returns in an epic struggle against the powerful Templar Order. Now a legendary Master Assassin, Ezio must journey into Italy's greatest city, Rome, center of power, greed and corruption to strike at the heart of the enemy. Defeating the corrupt tyrants entrenched there will require not only strength, but leadership, as Ezio commands an entire Brotherhood that will rally to his side. Only by working together can the Assassins defeat their mortal enemies. Assassin's Creed Brotherhood offers a never-before-seen multiplayer layer. Players can help the Templars by using Abstergo to train in the art of Assassination to eliminate the Assassins once and for all. Players can choose from a wide range of unique characters, each with their own signature weapons and assassination techniques, and match their skills against other players from all over the world in different game modes.
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood__Cluster_5_Castel_Sant'Angelo_Location_Puzzle_HD
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood - Sequence 6 - Memory 3 - Trojan Horse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Published: 15 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Jan 2012
- Author: SoiramTrotyl
«!»Audio removed due to lame copyright claims «!» ● Reach the French fortress at Castra Praetoria before sunrise, white Leading the disguised mercenaries. Kill any French troops at checkpoints along the way before they raise the alarm. ● Follow Bartolomeo and his mercenaries. ● Fight off the Baron's men. ● Follow Bartolomeo and his mercenaries. ● Kill the guards at the roadblock before they discover Bartolomeo's soldiers. ● Follow Bartolomeo and his mercenaries. ♦ Do not lose any health squares. °º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º If you want me to remove a video contact me directly instead of reporting me. Thanks in advance. °º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood__Sequence_6__Memory_3__Trojan_Horse
![Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 5 - Engelsburg [GER/HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120120112736im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/zZwYfWvC8gk/0.jpg "Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 5 - Engelsburg [GER/HD]")
Assassin's Creed Cluster Guide - Cluster 5 - Engelsburg [GER/HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Published: 29 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Nov 2011
- Author: Nyankiller
Ort : Engelsburg Lösung : D1 zu E2 Bild oben links zischen den armen des Mannes Code lösung im Video 4:37
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Cluster_Guide__Cluster_5__Engelsburg_ GER/HD
Assassins Creed Brotherhood - Fly like an Eagle trophy / Getting to the top of Castel Sant Angelo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Published: 26 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Jan 2012
- Author: KarlMarklund
How to get to the top of the castel. You will have to get to the top and jump down with a parachute to get the Fly like an Eagle trophy. There is a Borgia flag ontop of the flag-pole at the end (but since I have collected it, it's not there now). Get to the top, enjoy the view and parachute your way down! Part 2 - www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Assassins_Creed_Brotherhood__Fly_like_an_Eagle_trophy_/_Getting_to_the_top_of_Castel_Sant_Angelo
Assassin's Creed Brotherhood: Climbing the Castel Sant'Angelo with no HUD
After beating the game I decided to continue playing around in it with no HUD, and a friend suggested I climb the Castel Sant'Angelo as it's the highest point in the game and I've never actually done that. So I did, with no HUD. And I had such an immersive experience doing it. So then I did it again, and recorded it. Enjoy.
http://wn.com/Assassin's_Creed_Brotherhood_Climbing_the_Castel_Sant'Angelo_with_no_HUD
Castel Sant'Angelo: prison, barracks and residence of popes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Published: 27 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Nov 2011
- Author: romereports
www.romereports.com The Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome figures prominently in the history of Rome and the history of the Church.
http://wn.com/Castel_Sant'Angelo_prison,_barracks_and_residence_of_popes
Engelsburg / Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome
Version 2006, this video is available in HD on YouTube, watch more Rome Videos in HD on YouTube
http://wn.com/Engelsburg_/_Castel_Sant'Angelo,_Rome
Creative Commons
Creative Commons![Regensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈreːɡnsbʊɐk]; also Ratisbon, Latin: Ratisbona, Austro-Bavarian: Rengschburg, Czech: Řezno, originally Castra Regina) is a city (population 131,000 in 2007) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120120112736im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/4c/9a/baecb2aa82f01307aa0525cad6d6_small.jpg "Regensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈreːɡnsbʊɐk]; also Ratisbon, Latin: Ratisbona, Austro-Bavarian: Rengschburg, Czech: Řezno, originally Castra Regina) is a city (population 131,000 in 2007) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.")
Creative Commons / Grizurgbg
![Regensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈreːɡnsbʊɐk]; also Ratisbon, Latin: Ratisbona, Austro-Bavarian: Rengschburg, Czech: Řezno, originally Castra Regina) is a city (population 131,000 in 2007) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120120112736/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/4c/9a/baecb2aa82f01307aa0525cad6d6_medium.jpg "Regensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈreːɡnsbʊɐk]; also Ratisbon, Latin: Ratisbona, Austro-Bavarian: Rengschburg, Czech: Řezno, originally Castra Regina) is a city (population 131,000 in 2007) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.")
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CIA's Castra Praetoria
01 May 2006
American Spectator
By Jed Babbin on 5.1.06 @ 12:08AM Rome's Praetorian Guards began as a small elite imperial guard that grew into a force unto themselves. Independent of the army and the Senate they were the emperor's own, and utterly loyal to him. Until they were not. Over three centuries, as their wealth and power...
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size: 7.0Kb
Praetorian prefect (, }}) was the title of a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief aides. Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire. The prefects again functioned as the chief ministers of the state, with many laws addressed to them by name. In this role, praetorian prefects continued to be appointed until the reign of Heraclius, when wide-ranging reforms reduced its power and converted it to a mere overseer of provincial administration. The last traces of the prefect disappeared in the Byzantine Empire in the 840s.
Praetorian prefecture of Africa
Praetorian prefecture of the East
Praetorian prefecture of Gaul
Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
Praetorian prefecture of Italy
The term ''praefectus praetorio'' was often abbreviated in inscriptions as 'PR PR'.
History
Commander of the Praetorian Guard
Under the empire the praetorians or imperial guards were commanded by one, two, or even three praefects (praefecti praetorio), who were chosen by the emperor from among the equites and held office at his pleasure. From the time of Alexander Severus the post was open to senators also, and if an equestrian was appointed he was at the same time raised to the senate. Down to the time of Constantine, who deprived the office of its military character, the prefecture of the guards was regularly held by tried soldiers, often by men who had fought their way up from the ranks. In course of time the command seems to have been enlarged so as to include all the troops in Italy except the corps commanded by the city praefect (''cohortes urbanae'').The special position of the praetorians made them a power in their own right in the Roman state, and their prefect, ''praefectus praetorio'', soon became one of the more powerful men in this society. The emperors tried to flatter and control the praetorians, but they staged many coups d'état and contributed to a rapid rate of turnover in the imperial succession. The praetorians thus came to destabilize the Roman state, contrary to their purpose. The praetorian prefect became a major administrative figure in the later empire, when the post combined in one individual the duties of an imperial chief of staff with direct command over the guard also. Diocletian greatly reduced the power of these prefects as part of his sweeping reform of the empire's administrative and military structures.
Transformation to administrator
In addition to his military functions, the praetorian prefect came to acquire jurisdiction over criminal affairs, which he exercised not as the delegate but as the representative of the emperor. It was decreed by Constantine 331 that from the sentence of the praetorian praefect there should be no appeal. A similar jurisdiction in civil cases was acquired by him not later than the time of Septimius Severus. Hence a knowledge of law became a qualification for the post, which under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, but especially from the time of Severus, was held by the first jurists of the age, (e.g. Papinian, Ulpian, Paullus) and John the Cappadocian, while the military qualification fell more and more into the background.The tetrarchy reform of Diocletian (c. 296) multiplied the office,there was a praetorian prefect as chief of staff (military and administrative)—rather than commander of the guard—for each of two Augusti, but not for the two Caesars. Each pretorian perfects oversaw one of the four quarters created by Diocletian, which became regional praetorian prefectures under the sons of Constantine. From 395 there two imperial courts, at Rome (later Ravenna) and Constantinople, but the four prefectures remained as the highest level of administrative division, in charge of several so-called dioceses (groups of Roman provinces), each of which was headed by a Vicarius.
Under Constantine I, the institution of the magister militum deprived the praetorian prefecture altogether of its military character but left it the highest civil office of the empire.
Germanic era
The office was among the many maintained after the Western Roman Empire had succumbed to the Germanic invasion in Italy, notably at the royal court of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great, who as a nominal subject of Constantinople retained the Roman-era administration intact.
List of known prefects of the Praetorian Guard
The following is a list of all known prefects of the Praetorian Guard, from the establishment of the post in 2 BC by Augustus until the abolishment of the Guard in 314. The list is presumed to be incomplete due to lack of sources documenting the exact number of persons who held the post, what their names were and what the length of their tenure was. Likewise, the Praetorians were sometimes commanded by a single prefect, as was the case with for example Sejanus or Burrus, but more often, the emperor appointed two commanders, who shared joint leadership. Overlapping terms on the list indicate dual command.
Julio-Claudian dynasty (2 BC – AD 68)
Year of the Four Emperors (AD 68 – 69)
| Prefect | Tenure | Emperor served |
| Cornelius Laco | Galba | |
| Plotius Firmus | Otho | |
| Licinius Proculus | Otho | |
| Publius Sabinus | Vitellius | |
| Alfenius Varus | Vitellius | |
| Junius Priscus | Vitellius |
Flavian dynasty (AD 69 – 96)
Five Good Emperors to Didius Julianus (AD 96 – 193)
Severan dynasty (AD 193 – 235)
Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235 – 285)
Tetrarchy to Constantine I (AD 285 – 324)
See also
For praetorian prefects after the reformation of the office by emperor Constantine I, see:
Notes
References
Category:Ancient Roman titles Category:Gubernatorial titles Category:Lists of Ancient Rome office-holders Category:Military ranks of ancient Rome Category:Positions of authority Category:Praetorian Guard
bs:Prefekt pretorija bg:Преториански префект ca:Prefecte del Pretori cs:Pretoriánský prefekt de:Prätorianerpräfekt es:Prefecto del pretorio fr:Préfet du prétoire it:Prefetto del pretorio la:Praefectus praetorio mk:Преторијански префект nl:Praefectus praetorio ja:プラエフェクトゥス・プラエトリオ pl:Prefekt pretorianów pt:Prefeito do pretório ru:Префект претория sh:Prefekt pretorija fi:Pretoriaaniprefekti sv:Praetorianprefekt tr:Praetorian Prefect uk:Префект преторіяThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
thumb|250px|Remains of the Praetorian Gate
Castra Praetoria were the ancient barracks (''castra'') of the Praetorian Guard of Imperial Rome.
Bunson, Matthew (1994). ''Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire''. New York: Facts on File Inc. ISBN 0-8160-3182-7
Castra Praetoria in S.B.Platner and T.Ashby: ''Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'', London 1929
Mura dell'antico Castro Pretorio (includes etchings by Giuseppe Vasi and recent photographs)
History
According to the Roman historian Suetonius, the barracks were built in 23 AD by Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the praetorian prefect serving under the emperor Tiberius, in an effort to consolidate the several divisions of the guards.The barracks were erected just outside the city of Rome and surrounded by solid masonry walls, measuring a total of 440 x 380 meters (1443 x 1246 ft). Three of the four sides of the walls were later incorporated in the Aurelian Walls, and parts of them are clearly visible today.
The adjacent city district ''Castro Pretorio'' is named after the barracks.
The Castra Praetoria was the site of the murder of the Emperor Elagabalus by the Praetorian Guard in 222 AD.
The Castra Praetoria was destroyed by Constantine I, who also disbanded the Praetorian Guard upon his invasion of Italy while Maxentius ruled as the Western Roman Emperor. Their last stand was at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312, and after Constantine's victory he officially disbanded the Praetorian, sending them out to different corners of the empire.
References in literature and popular culture
The milblog Castra Praetoria, authored by Marine 1stSgt Burke, uses the name as the blog's title, linking the historical barracks and its Praetorian Guard to the United States Marine Corps today.
Notes
References
External links
Category:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome Category:Praetorian Guard Category:Roman military architecture Category:1st-century architecture Category:23
bg:Кастра претория de:Castra praetoria fr:Caserne de la Garde prétorienne it:Castra Praetoria he:קסטרא פראטוריה nl:Castra Praetoria ru:Castra praetoria fi:Castra praetoria tr:Castra Praetoria uk:Castra praetoria
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
:''For other persons of this name, see John Long.
John Long (born 1957) is an acclaimed American rock climber and author whose stories, ranging from adventure yarns to literary fiction, have been translated into many languages. He has more than forty titles and two million books in print. A 1974 graduate of Upland High School in Upland, California, Long studied humanities at the University of LaVerne (graduating with departmental honors), Claremont Graduate School and Claremont School of Theology.
John Long wrote a screenplay from which the screenplay for ''Cliffhanger'' was based. He received a credit of "premise by" Long.
Powells Books
Ament, Pat (2002). "Wizards of Rock: A History of Free Climbing in America", Wilderness Press
Hill, Lynn (2002). "Climbing Free", W. W. Norton & Co.
Long, John (2009). The stonemasters: California rock climbers in the seventies, Stonemaster Press/T. Adler Books
Reviews of Long's books
http://rockandice.com/articles/epics/article/298-bizarre-summits-john-long
http://rockandice.com/articles/epics/article/125-John-Long-and-the-Stonemasters-climb-at-Pirates-Cove
Category:American rock climbers
Category:American non-fiction outdoors writers
Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
| Name | John Long |
|---|---|
| Birth date | 1957 |
| Death date | |
| Occupation | Author |
| Nationality | American }} |
Long joined then unknown teenage climbers John Bachar, Rick Accomazzo, Richard Harrison, Tobin Sorenson, Robs Muir, Gib Lewis, Jim Wilson, and Mike Graham as founding members of an elite group known as the "Stonemasters," who redefined world rock climbing standards and adventuring at large. As the result of the groups countless exploits, from the French Alps to the North Pole, combined with Long’s popular writings in books and magazines, the Stonemaster ethos was central in birthing the “extreme” adventure sports culture that quickly spread through surfing, skating, skiing and eventually, most every outdoor pursuit. Twenty years later, companies such as Patagonia, Levi's and many more were recruiting Long’s narratives and Stonemaster photos as retro branding agents for their catalogues and print ads, media that also ended up in countless art books and journals.
While Long and the Stonemasters branched out into diverse disciplines including caving, river running and first descents, extreme skiing, big wave surfing, trans-continental traverses, BASE jumping and Himalaya alpine climbing, the original renown sprang from establishing scores of daring new rock climbs – throughout the 1970s and 80s - in Southern California and Northern Mexico, most notably at Tahquitz and Suicide Rock in Idyllwild, Joshua Tree National Park, and Yosemite Valley, all in California, and El Gran Trono Blanco, in Baja, Mexico.
Noted climbs
Long's many climbing feats include the first one-day ascent of the most sought after rock climb in the world, the 3,000 foot Nose route on El Capitan, on Memorial Day, 1975, with Jim Bridwell and Billy Westbay. The following year, partnered with Dale Bard, Long made the 2nd one-day ascent of El Cap via the West Face, in the remarkable time of five hours. He followed this with blitz ascents of Leaning Tower, Washington Column, Half Dome and Ribbon Falls, precipitating the modern speed climbing movement so popular today, both in Yosemite Valley and beyond.
A skilled free climber, Long popularized “free soloing” (climbing with no rope) during his high school days out at Joshua Tree National Park, first introducing John Bachar to the practice in 1974 with their now fêted ascent of Double Cross, at Joshua Tree. Bachar would soon establish himself as the world’s leading solo rock climber. In 1977, Long and Bachar toured the Western States, repeating most of John Gill’s notorious boulder problems at Horse Tooth Reservoir, Ft. Collins, Split Rocks, Estes Park, the Badlands, Pueblo (all in Colorado), and at the Needles of South Dakota. Long’s two seminal photo articles, “Pumping Sandstone,” in 1976, and “Pumping Granite,” in 1977, both featured in Climbing Magazine, inspired an entire generation of free climbers throughout the US and Western Europe, and helped establish bouldering in general, and “High Balling” (high bouldering sans rope) in particular, as a valid and extreme expression of traditional climbing.
Long’s 1973 ascent of Paisano Overhang (5.12c) at Suicide Rock in Southern California, help firmly establish the 5.12 grade and was then likely the most technically difficult free climb in the world. His 1978 ascent of Hangover (5.13b), at nearby Tahquitz Rock, was questionably the first climb achieved at that grade.
In 1975, along with Ron Kauk and John Bachar, Long became first to free climb a legitimate big wall with the first free ascent of the East Face of Washington Column, in Yosemite Valley, later dubbed Astro Man, for two decades widely considered “The World’s Greatest Free Climb.” The following year, also in Yosemite, and with British climber Pete Livesy, Long free climbed the second big wall in history - the 1,700 foot Chouinard/Herbert route on Sentinel Rock. On June 15, 2011, Alex Honnold free soloed the Chouinard/Herbert for CBS News, with Long hosting alongside 60 Minutes correspondent, Lara Logan.
Starting in 1980, with a kayaking expedition to Baja California, Long transitioned into international exploration. Many notable expeditions followed, including the first coast-to-coast traverse of Borneo, transcontinental traverse of Irian Jaya, discovery and exploration of the world’s largest river cave, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea, First Descent, Angel Falls, Venezuela, First Descent of the Kayan River, Kalimantan, Indonesia, as well as expeditions to the Troll Wall, Norway, Hand of Fatima, Mali, West Africa, Mt. Asgard, Baffin Islands, Elsmere Island and the North Pole.
Film and Television
Starting in 1980, Long began working for David Frost Productions, writing and producing ABC and BBC specials, including the International Guinness Book of World Records, which also became a long-running syndicated series. Moving into feature films in the 1990s, Long worked on the second unit for dozens of motion pictures, including the Rambo series. His novella. Rogue’s Babylon, was the basis for Sylvester Stallone’s hit movie, Cliffhanger. During this time Long also worked for Bennett Productions, in Santa Monica, writing and producing action sport shows for TBS, NBC, CBS, FOX, HDTV, RUSH and others. Highlights include the Emmy nominated Red Bull Cliff Diving World Championships in La’nai, Hawaii, and the International Monitor Award (International Emmy) Winning show, Hawaiian Waterman (big wave surfing), for Asahi (Japanese HD TV). Later work with New Wave Entertainment involved writing and producing long form shows for Discovery, History Channel, Showtime, A&E;, Lifetime, and HBO. His 2008 documentary (for Code Black Entertainment and Ebony Magazine), Why We Laugh: The History of African American Humor, was a featured documentary (Spectrum Series) at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. His most recent (2010) DVD, “Who You Callin’ Crazy?” featured comedian Katt Williams.
Books
Long has over forty titles varying from ''Pale Moon: American Indian Folklore and Legends'', to short-form literary fiction anthologies, to photos/narrative books on beach culture and big wave surfing. His how-to books on adventure sports have been industry leaders for twenty years. His ''Advanced Rock Climbing'' won the Banff Film Festival Award for Mountain Exposition, and he is the 2006 recipient of the Literary Award from the American Alpine Club, their highest honor, rarely bestowed. In the Aug/Sep 2009 issue of Rock & Ice Magazine, Long was recognized as “the most influential adventurer in the world” over the last twenty–five years, principally owing to his writing. He has had literary best sellers in Polish (''Long on Adventure'') and Spain (''Rogue’s Babylon'').His large format book, ''The Stonemasters: California Climbing in the 1970s'', was released in October, 2009, and in Nov. 4, 2010, won the Grand Prize at the Banff Film and Book Festival, widely considered the most prestigious outdoor-oriented literary award in the world. ''Yosemite: The Vertical Evolution'', another large format book on modern free climbing in Yosemite, is due out in July, 2011. ''The Big Juice'', companion to ''The Big Drop'', Long’s seminal big wave surfing book of 2000, is due out in August, 2011. ''Stone Nudes'', a hardback, black and white art photo book (photography by seminal fashion shooter, Dean Fidelman) with essays, was released to international critical acclaim in Oct. 2010. Long’s work with other photographers include ''Sand in my Hair: Beach Culture so Help me God'', with Dane Peterson, ''Glam Utopia'', on high fashion models, with photographer Jim Herrington, and ''One Night Stand, 3,000 Days, 50 Nights'', with Pulitzer Prize winning AP shooter, “Hank,” who is remaining anonymous for this large format project.
Videos
Film
References
External links
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