Mireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez de Arias (born July 1, 1946) is a Panamanian political figure. She was the President of Panama from 1999 to 2004, representing the Arnulfista Party. Moscoso was Panama's first female president.

Moscoso has an interior design diploma from Miami-Dade Community College in the United States, and she is the widow of former President Arnulfo Arias.

President Mireya Moscoso is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.

In the May 2, 1999 general elections, she became the country's first female President, taking office on September 1, 1999. She ran on a campaign to reduce poverty, improve education, and slow down the country's privatization process. She had run in the previous election (1994), when she was defeated by Ernesto Pérez Balladares of the PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party). During her term, she oversaw the U.S. handover of the Panama Canal in January 2000.