Chad

Coordinates: 15°N 19°E / 15°N 19°E / 15; 19

Chad (ⁱ/tʃæd/; Arabic: تشاد‎ Tshād; French: Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad (Arabic: جمهورية تشاد‎ Jumhūrīyat Tshād; French: République du Tchad), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in Africa in terms of area.

Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. N'Djamena, the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions.

Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979, the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Since 2003, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.

Chad Gilbert

Chad Everett Gilbert (born March 9, 1981) is an American musician and record producer. He is a founding member of the rock band New Found Glory, for whom he plays lead guitar, composes music and provides backing vocals. He was also the lead vocalist for New Found Glory's now-defunct side-project, International Superheroes of Hardcore. Additionally, Gilbert was the vocalist for the hardcore punk band Shai Hulud between 1995 and 1998, and he rejoined the band in 2012.

Gilbert recently began producing records, notably H2O's Nothing to Prove and A Day to Remember's three most recent albums, Homesick, What Separates Me from You and Common Courtesy. In 2010, Gilbert announced he would release solo material online, free of charge, and has released several demos and 7" vinyl records under the name What's Eating Gilbert.

Personal life

Gilbert was briefly married to Sherri DuPree from the indie rock band Eisley in February 2007; Gilbert and DuPree divorced later that year. Since 2008, he has been in a relationship with Paramore's lead vocalist and keyboardist Hayley Williams. On December 31, 2014, Williams and Gilbert announced that they had become engaged after Gilbert proposed on Christmas Day.

Hayley Williams

Hayley Nichole Williams (born December 27, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. She is best known as the lead vocalist, occasional keyboardist and primary songwriter of the American rock band Paramore.

Early life

Hayley Williams was born to Joey and Cristi Williams, in Meridian, Mississippi. She has two younger half sisters. As a result of her parents divorcing in 2002, Williams moved to Franklin, Tennessee. She met former band members Josh and Zac Farro in her new school. While still at school she tried out for a local funk cover band, The Factory, where she met Jeremy Davis.

Music career

Williams was discovered in 2003 by managers Dave Steunebrink and Richard Williams, who signed the 14-year-old to a two-year production deal. At the time she was writing pop songs with songwriters in Nashville. Williams was introduced to Atlantic Records A&R Tom Storms through Richard Williams' attorneys Jim Zumwalt and Kent Marcus, and then signed to the label by Jason Flom. The label's original plan for their new artist was to make her a solo pop artist but Williams objected to this, saying that she wanted to be part of a band and play pop punk music.

CM Punk

Phillip Jack "Phil" Brooks (born October 26, 1978), better known by the ring name CM Punk, is an American comic book writer, actor, retired professional wrestler, and forthcoming mixed martial artist, who is signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as of February 2016. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he was the longest-reigning WWE Champion of the modern era, having held the title for 434 days from November 20, 2011 to January 27, 2013. His reign is officially recognized as the sixth longest of all time, as well as the longest since 1988.

Brooks began his professional wrestling career on the American independent circuit, primarily with Ring of Honor (ROH) until 2005 when he signed with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He is a seven-time world champion in professional wrestling: having won the WWE Championship twice, WWE World Heavyweight Championship three times, ECW Championship once and ROH World Championship once. Along with Daniel Bryan and Seth Rollins, he is one of three men to have been world champion in both WWE and ROH. Punk is also a one-time World Tag Team Champion (with Kofi Kingston), and one-time Intercontinental Champion, making him the 19th WWE Triple Crown Champion and the fastest man in WWE history to achieve this feat, doing so in 203 days. In addition, he was the 2011 WWE Superstar of the Year and the first two-time Money in the Bank winner.

Juliet Simms

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Juliet Nicole Simms is an American singer/songwriter, and was the vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter for the American rock band Automatic Loveletter. She was the runner-up on the second season of the American reality talent show The Voice. Since being on The Voice she is now making music under her own name instead of Automatic Loveletter.

Biography

Early life

Simms was born in San Francisco, California, United States. When she was about 11 years old she moved from California to Tampa, Florida, United States—where her father was relocated for work. In Florida she learned to play the guitar from her brother, Tommy Simms. She began writing songs at the age of 14.

Professional career

Automatic Loveletter

Automatic Loveletter was formed in 2005, with Simms on guitar and lead vocals, Simms' brother, Tommy Simms, playing bass and producing, Daniel Currier on drums, and bassist, Sean Noll, contributing occasionally. The band recorded in Tommy Simms' home studio in the Tampa Bay area of Florida, US. The band was first called "Stars and Scars" and recorded its first rock song in December 2005. The song was named after the band and was written by Juliet Simms. The band then recorded "Tin Lizzy", a song written by Tommy Simms.