The Bureau of
Labor Statistics measures employment and unemployment (of those over 15 years of age) using two different labour force surveys conducted by the
United States Census Bureau (within the
United States Department of Commerce) and/or the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (within the
United States Department of Labor) that gather employment statistics monthly.
The Current Population Survey (
CPS), or "Household Survey", conducts a survey based on a sample of 60,
000 households. This Survey measures the unemployment rate based on the
ILO definition.
The Current
Employment Statistics survey (
CES), or "
Payroll Survey", conducts a survey based on a sample of 160,000 businesses and government agencies that represent 400,000 individual employers.[39] This survey measures only civilian nonagricultural employment; thus, it does not calculate an unemployment rate, and it differs from the ILO unemployment rate definition. These two sources have different classification criteria, and usually produce differing results. Additional data are also available from the government, such as the unemployment insurance weekly claims report available from the
Office of Workforce
Security, within the
U.S. Department of Labor Employment &
Training Administration.[40] The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides up-to-date numbers via a
PDF linked here.[41] The
BLS also provides a readable concise current
Employment Situation Summary, updated monthly.[42]
The Bureau of Labor Statistics also calculates six alternate measures of unemployment, U1 through U6, that measure different aspects of unemployment:[43]
U1:[44] Percentage of labor force unemployed 15 weeks or longer.
U2: Percentage of labor force who lost jobs or completed temporary work.
U3:
Official unemployment rate per the ILO definition occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the past four weeks.[1]
U4: U3 + "discouraged workers", or those who have stopped looking for work because current economic conditions make them believe that no work is available for them.
U5: U4 + other "marginally attached workers", or "loosely attached workers", or those who "would like" and are able to work, but have not looked for work recently.
U6: U5 +
Part-time workers who want to work full-time, but cannot due to economic reasons (underemployment).
Note: "Marginally attached workers" are added to the total labour force for unemployment rate calculation for U4, U5, and U6. The BLS revised the CPS in
1994 and among the changes the measure representing the official unemployment rate was renamed U3 instead of U5
.[45] In
2013,
Representative Hunter proposed that the Bureau of Labor Statistics use the U5 rate instead of the current U3 rate.[46]
Statistics for the
U.S. economy as a whole hide variations among groups. For example, in
January 2008 U.S. unemployment rates were 4.4% for adult men, 4.2% for adult women, 4.4% for Caucasians, 6.3% for Hispanics or
Latinos (all races), 9.2% for
African Americans, 3.2% for
Asian Americans, and 18.0% for teenagers.[39] Also, the U.S. unemployment rate would be at least 2% higher if prisoners and jail inmates were counted.[47][48]
The unemployment rate is included in a number of major economic indexes including the
United States'
Conference Board's
Index of Leading Indicators a macroeconomic measure of the state of the economy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment#Measurement
- published: 24 Feb 2015
- views: 425