Vreeswijk is a former village and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. The municipality merged with Jutphaas in 1971, and is now the southern half of the town of Nieuwegein.

The former village was located on the Lek River, near where it is crossed by the Merwede Canal. The old village centre around the locks has been preserved reasonably well.

This lock is said to be the oldest example of a pound lock in Europe. This was the key innovation which gave rise to the modern canal, by virtue of having two gates, although it was a larger basin capable of holding a number of ships at once.

The Lek was normally at a slightly higher level than the canal leading to Utrecht and in times of flood was very much higher, so that it would not be possible to let boats enter or leave without flooding the surrounding land. The additional gate limited the amount of water that needed to be let in, so that only the basin needed to be raised.

References

External links

Map of the former municipality in 1868.

Category:Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)

Name	Cornelis Vreeswijk
Background	solo_singer
Born	August 08, 1937 Velsen, Noord-Holland Netherlands
Died	November 12, 1987 Stockholm, Sweden
Genre	Folk musicProtest musicSwedish folk music
Occupation	Musician Singer Songwriter
Years active	1964–1987
Instrument	Vocals Guitar
Label	Metronome, Philips Records, EMI, Universal Records, A Disc, Sir, Slager
Label	Metronome, Philips Records, EMI, Universal Records, A Disc, Sir, Slager
Associated acts	Fred Åkerström Ann-Louise HansonCarl Michael Bellman, Evert Taube

Cornelis Vreeswijk , was a singer-songwriter, poet and actor born in IJmuiden in the Netherlands. He emigrated to Sweden with his parents in 1949 at the age of twelve. He was educated as a social worker and hoped to become a journalist, but became increasingly involved in music, performing at events for students. His idiosyncratic humor and social engagement is still gaining him new fans. Cornelis Vreeswijk is often considered as one of the most influential and successful troubadours in Sweden.

Swedish career

Cornelis Vreeswijk explained in one of his few interviews that he had taught himself to sing and play in the fifties by imitating his first idols Josh White and Leadbelly. His first album, Ballader och oförskämdheter (Ballads and Insults, 1964), was a hit which immediately gained him a large following among the emerging radical student generation. In this period he also played with Swedish jazz pianist Jan Johansson and his trio. His songs "Ångbåtsblues" (Steam Boat Blues) and "Jubelvisa för Fiffiga Nannette" (Cheering song for Ingenious Nannette) are classics from these recordings. His abrasive, frequently political lyrics and unconventional delivery were a deliberate break with what he was later to describe as a Swedish song tradition of pretty singing and harmless lyrics, "a hobby for the upper classes". Influenced by jazz and blues and especially by the singing style and social criticism of Georges Brassens, Vreeswijk "speak-sings" his "insults", and compels his listeners to pay close attention to the words.

His 1965 loose translation of Allan Sherman's masterpiece "Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh" remains beloved to Swedes as "Brev från kolonien" (Letter from the summer camp) decades later, and could be said to have passed into folklore.

A political singer with a bohemian lifestyle, Vreeswijk remained controversial in the sixties and early seventies, idolized by his fans but disapproved of by many others for his "rude" language and persistent interest in "unsuitable" people like prostitutes and criminals. Some of his records were blacklisted by the public broadcasting company Sveriges Radio. During this period, he not only wrote and recorded songs now considered classics, such as "Sportiga Marie" ("Athletic Marie") and several affectionate salutes to the ever less employable "Polaren Pär" ("My Buddy Pär"), but he was an actor on the stage, receiving considerable critical acclaim, most notably as Pilate in the Swedish version of Jesus Christ Superstar, and as Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof. He participated in Melodifestivalen (the Swedish preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest) in 1972 with "Önskar du mej, så önskar jag dej", which finished sixth. He also appeared in movies, including Svarta Palmkronor (Black Palm Trees, 1968), which was filmed on location in Brazil. Spending four months in Brazil began Vreeswijk's lifelong interest in Latin American music and social and political conditions, later seen for example in his Victor Jara album of 1978.

Later in his career, Vreeswijk was to gain increasing fame and a wider audience both for his songs and his other work. He published several volumes of poetry in his lifetime and left a considerable manuscript legacy of poems which have been published since. He also became an important musical interpreter of the works of other people, recording the songs of Carl Michael Bellman, Evert Taube, and Lars Forssell. His fresh, bluesy renderings of Bellman and Taube, who had up to then been classics belonging to the "harmless" tradition that Vreeswijk despised, were artistic and commercial successes which extended his fanbase. The choice of Bellman was significant: Bellman's lively, romantic, pastoral, drinking and sometimes bawdy songs have gained him the somewhat undeserved reputation of being a drunken womaniser. Vreeswijk may have enjoyed the association of being "something of a Bellman himself".

Vreeswijk's own best-known songs of the later seventies and early eighties tend to be dark in tone, like "Sist jag åkte jumbojet blues" ("Last time I Went by Jumbojet Blues", a metaphorical bad trip) and "Blues för Fatumeh", both addressing heavy drug addiction. Even though in this period Vreeswijk was a prey of tabloid scandal and was in the news for his drinking problem and his debts (about both of which he spoke with frankness) rather than for his achievements, he remained highly creative and productive.

Towards the end of Vreeswijk's life his reputation soared again, aided by the televising of some highly regarded nightclub shows, and by Agneta Brunius' TV documentary Balladen om den flygande holländaren (The Ballad of the Flying Dutchman) in 1986. By the time of his death from liver cancer at the age of fifty, Cornelis Vreeswijk had become an icon of the Swedish music scene, and he was honored with burial at the cemetery of Katarina kyrka, a national cemetery in Stockholm.

Dutch career

In 1966, the Dutch broadcasting organisation VARA invited Vreeswijk to the Netherlands. He translated several of his songs into Dutch, and wrote a couple of new ones. One of his songs, "De nozem en de non", was released as a single, without much popular success. His first Dutch album was only released in 1972, after ten successful Swedish albums. 100,000 copies of Cornelis Vreeswijk were sold, and the single "Veronica" became a big hit after it was picked up by the pirate radio station Veronica. His old song "De nozem en de non" was then re-released with much success. His later albums could not match the success of the first one, and Vreeswijk never achieved the fame in the Netherlands as he did in Sweden.

Nowadays, only "De nozem en de non" is still known by the general public. Vreeswijk still has some fans in the Netherlands, however, and in 2000 the Cornelis Vreeswijk society was founded.

One reason for the lack of popularity in the Netherlands was the impression that Cornelis Vreeswijk was a bit old-fashioned. Because of his long stay in Sweden, the Dutch pronunciation and idiom that he had learned to speak in his youth were out-of-date in the seventies and eighties.

Although he was fluent in both Dutch and Swedish, the latter became his primary language. His Stockholm-accented Swedish was famously witty and expressive, and in an interview he once suggested that the process of learning the language in his teens might have energized his use of it: "It doesn't just fall over you like when you're a baby and fed daily with words and food. You become freer, less respectful. ... Swedish is such a different language. Pure, distinct, beautiful. It has few synonyms. But they're many enough for me."

See also

Allan Sherman's original "Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh, a Letter from Camp"

References

The Swedish lists below are provided courtesy of Cornelis Vreeswijksällskapet, the Swedish Cornelis Vreeswijk society. The popularity of Cornelis Vreeswijk's songs in Sweden seems to be still on the rise, and many albums anthologizing his own recordings of them have been released since his death. These are not shown in the discography below, nor are the cover versions of his songs. The bibliography, on the other hand, is intended to contain all Swedish publications by and about Cornelis Vreeswijk (exclusively) to date.

Discography

Swedish discography

Main article - Cornelis Vreeswijk´s Swedish discography

Dutch discography

1972 - Cornelis Vreeswijk

1973 - Leven en laten leven

1974 - Liedjes voor de Pijpendraaier en mijn Zoetelief

1976 - Foto's en een souvenir: Vreeswijk zingt Croce

1977 - Het recht om in vrede te leven

1978 - Het beste van Cornelis Vreeswijk

1982 - Ballades van de gewapende bedelaar

Swedish bibliography

Works by Cornelis Vreeswijk

En handfull gräs, 1970.

I stället för vykort, 1974. ISBN 91-1-731331-7

Felicias svenska suite, 1978. ISBN 82-03-09752-9

Till Fatumeh, 1987. ISBN 91-7608-384-5

Till Fatumeh (paperback), 1989. ISBN 91-7642-471-5

Sånger, ed. Jan-Erik Vold, 1988. ISBN 91-7608-399-3

Dikter, ed. Jan-Erik Vold, 1989. ISBN 91-7608-439-6

Osjungna sånger, 1990. ISBN 91-7608-488-4

Skrifter, ed. Jan-Erik Vold, 2000:

*I. Samlade sånger. ISBN 91-7324-770-7

*II. Enskilda sånger. ISBN 91-7324-770-7

*III. Dikter Prosa Tolkningar. ISBN 91-7324-771-5

Works about Cornelis Vreeswijk

Rolf Fridholm, Polarn Cornelis, 1989. ISBN 91-7029-016-4

Klas Widén, Cornelis Vreeswijk: En förteckning över hans produktion med kort biografi, 1991.

Ulf Carlsson, Cornelis Vreeswijk: Artist-vispoet-lyriker, 1996. ISBN 91-564-1025-5

Rolf Fridholm, Medborgare! En vänbok om Cornelis, 1996. ISBN 91-88144-25-9

Oscar Hedlund, Scener ur en äventyrares liv, 2000. ISBN 91-34-51809-6

En bok om Cornelis (chosen texts, articles and interviews), Ordfront Förlag, 2000. ISBN 91-7324-798-7

Klas Gustafson, Ett bluesliv_: Berättelsen om Cornelis Vreeswijk, 2006. ISBN 978-91-7343-199-6

External links

Swedish Cornelis Vreeswijk Society (Cornelis Vreeswijk Sällskapet)

Dutch Cornelis Vreeswijk homepage

Category:1937 births Category:1987 deaths Category:Dutch musicians Category:Dutch singer-songwriters Category:Swedish people of Dutch descent Category:People from Velsen Category:Swedish musicians Category:Swedish songwriters Category:Melodifestivalen contestants