Islands of Michigan

Saturday, 27 October 2012

Islands of Michigan

BLACKOUT IN CAYMAN ISLANDS AND MICHIGAN!!!

Panorama of Apostle Islands from Michigan Ismand Lighthouse

Wings of Mackinac - Butterfly Conservatory - Mackinac Island, Michigan.

Hotel Iroquois, Mackinac Island, Michigan

Sailing islands of Northen Lake Michigan

Fall 2010 in the Les Cheneaux Islands, Michigan

Michigan 2010 #5 Wild Life Food Skyquakes Mexico EQ Oil Rigs & Islands sinking Radio Show

Lafayette Coney Island - A Detroit Michigan Icon

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Alaska
Alaska () is the largest state of the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Approximately half of Alaska's 698,473 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the U.S.
http://wn.com/Alaska
Alpena, Michigan
Alpena () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Alpena County. It is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary is located in the city. The population was 11,304 at the 2000 census. The population swells with a large number of visitors in the summer.
http://wn.com/Alpena_Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
http://wn.com/Ann_Arbor_Michigan
Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan located near the base of the Saginaw Bay on Lake Huron. As of the 2000 census, the city's population was 36,817, with the 2009 census estimate placing the population at 33,780. It is the county seat of Bay County and is the principal city of the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Saginaw-Bay City-Saginaw Township North Combined Statistical Area. The city, along with nearby Midland and Saginaw, form the "Tri-Cities" region.
http://wn.com/Bay_City_Michigan
Bay County, Michigan
Bay County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 110,157 with an estimate of 107,434 in 2009. The county seat is Bay City. Bay County is included in the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
http://wn.com/Bay_County_Michigan
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada
Cassopolis, Michigan
Cassopolis is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 1,740. It is the county seat of Cass County. The village and county are named after statesman Lewis Cass, a New Hampshire native and a prominent U.S. senator from Michigan prior to the American Civil War.
http://wn.com/Cassopolis_Michigan
Charlevoix, Michigan
Charlevoix () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,994. It is the county seat of Charlevoix County.
http://wn.com/Charlevoix_Michigan
Dearborn, Michigan
Dearborn is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in the Detroit metropolitan area and Wayne County, and is the tenth largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 97,775. The city is the hometown of Henry Ford and the world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company. It has a campus of the University of Michigan as well as Henry Ford Community College.
http://wn.com/Dearborn_Michigan
Detroit
http://wn.com/Detroit
Eastpointe, Michigan
Eastpointe (formerly East Detroit) is a city in Macomb County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 34,077. Eastpointe forms a part of the Metro Detroit area. It borders on 8 Mile Road on the northern edge of Detroit.
http://wn.com/Eastpointe_Michigan
Escanaba, Michigan
Escanaba (, ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located in the banana belt on the state's Upper Peninsula. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 13,140, making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie. It is the county seat of Delta County.
http://wn.com/Escanaba_Michigan
Flint, Michigan
Flint is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km) northwest of Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 124,943. The 2009 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 111,475, making Flint the seventh largest city in Michigan. It is the county seat of Genesee County which lies in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. Genesee County is also the entirety of Flint's metropolitan area, the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan.
http://wn.com/Flint_Michigan
Gibraltar, Michigan
Gibraltar is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,264 at the 2000 census. It's located on the Detroit River directly south of, and adjacent to, Trenton.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_Michigan
Gladstone, Michigan
Gladstone is a city in Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. First settled in 1877, Gladstone's original name was Saunders Point. The population was 5,032 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Gladstone_Michigan
Great Lakes
http://wn.com/Great_Lakes
Holland, Michigan
Holland is a city in the western region of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated near the eastern shore of Lake Michigan on Lake Macatawa, which is fed by the Macatawa River (also known locally as the Black River). The city spans the Ottawa/Allegan county line, with in Ottawa and the remaining in Allegan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 35,048, with the 2008 census estimate placing the population at 34,076 with an Urbanized Area population of 95,394. The city is the largest municipality of the Holland-Grand Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has an estimated population of 260,364 as of July 1, 2008. Holland was founded by Dutch Americans, and is in an area that has a large percentage of citizens of Dutch American heritage who live in communities with such Dutch names as Harlem, Zeeland, Vriesland, Drenthe, Groningen and Graafschap. It is home to Hope College and Western Theological Seminary, institutions of the Reformed Church in America.
http://wn.com/Holland_Michigan
Ile Aux Galets
Ile aux Galets or Gallets, and also known as Skillagallee or Skillagalee Island, is located in northeast Lake Michigan approximately 7.0 miles (11.3 km) northwest of Cross Village, Michigan. The Emmet County, Michigan lighthouse sits atop and warns of a dangerous gravel shoal -- it extends almost two miles (3 km) to the east and half a mile to the northwest -- that is an imminent hazard to navigation, ships and sailors. This site has been the continuous operating home of a U.S. government lighthouse since 1850.
http://wn.com/Ile_Aux_Galets
Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") and because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Interior Department. The term insular possession is also sometimes used, but has fallen out of favor.
http://wn.com/Insular_area
Isle Royale
Isle Royale is an island of the Great Lakes, located in the northwest of Lake Superior, and part of the state of Michigan. The island and the 450 surrounding smaller islands and waters make up Isle Royale National Park. It is , with a long "I" in Isle and the accent on the first syllable of Royale, not the second.
http://wn.com/Isle_Royale
Jackson, Michigan
Jackson is a city located along Interstate 94 in the south central area of the U.S. state of Michigan, about west of Ann Arbor and south of Lansing. It is the county seat of Jackson County. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 36,316. It is the principal city of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Jackson County.
http://wn.com/Jackson_Michigan
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Kalamazoo () is the largest city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 77,145. It is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 326,634 as of 2009.
http://wn.com/Kalamazoo_Michigan
Kentwood, Michigan
Kentwood is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 45,255 at the 2000 census, making it the second most populous suburb of Grand Rapids.
http://wn.com/Kentwood_Michigan
Keweenaw Peninsula
The Keweenaw Peninsula (, roughly ) is the northern-most part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It projects into Lake Superior and was the site of the first copper boom in the United States. Its major industries are now logging and tourism, as well as jobs related to Michigan Technological University and Finlandia University.
http://wn.com/Keweenaw_Peninsula
Lake Agassiz
Lake Agassiz was an immense glacial lake located in the center of North America. Fed by glacial runoff at the end of the last glacial period, its area was larger than all of the modern Great Lakes combined, and it held more water than contained by all lakes in the world today.
http://wn.com/Lake_Agassiz
Lansing, Michigan
Lansing () is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located about west-northwest of Detroit and is mostly in Ingham County, although small portions of the city extend into Eaton County and Clinton County. As of the July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate, it has a population of 113,802 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) population of 453,603. The even larger Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population, which includes Shiawassee County, is estimated at 523,609.
http://wn.com/Lansing_Michigan
Livonia, Michigan
Livonia is a city in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Livonia is a very large suburb with an array of traditional neighborhoods connected to the metropolitan area by freeways. The population was 100,545 at the 2000 census. The 2008 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 91,220, making it the ninth largest city in Michigan. The municipality is a part of Metro Detroit, and located approximately northwest from downtown Detroit, and less than two miles (3 km) from the western city limits of Detroit (Redford Township lies in between the two).
http://wn.com/Livonia_Michigan
Marquette, Michigan
Marquette is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Marquette County. The population was 19,661 at the 2000 census, making it the most populated city of the Upper Peninsula. Marquette is a major port on Lake Superior, primarily for shipping iron ore and is the home of Northern Michigan University. The city of Marquette averages about 141 inches of snow per year, making it the fifth snowiest city in the United States among those cities large enough to be reported.
http://wn.com/Marquette_Michigan
Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit. The Detroit metropolitan area is the second largest U.S. metropolitan area linking the Great Lakes system. U.S. Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command (TACOM) is headquartered in Metro Detroit together with Selfridge Air National Guard Base. As a major metropolitan area, it is known for its automotive heritage, arts, and popular music legacies.
http://wn.com/Metro_Detroit
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is a French corruption of the Ojibwe word mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
http://wn.com/Michigan
Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of the state. It is the county seat of Midland County. While the vast majority of the city exists within Midland County, a small portion of the city extends into Bay County. Most of the city's area is incorporated from Midland Township.
http://wn.com/Midland_Michigan
Monroe, Michigan
Monroe is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 22,076 at the 2000 census. It is the largest city and county seat of Monroe County. The city is bordered on the south by Monroe Charter Township, but both are politically independent. The city is located approximately 14 miles (23 km) north of Toledo, Ohio and 25 miles (40 km) south of Detroit. The United States Census Bureau lists Monroe as the core city in the , which has a total population of 152,949. Monroe itself is officially part of the Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint CSA, and Monroe is also sometimes unofficially included as a northerly extension of the Toledo Metropolitan Area. Monroe's 2007 population estimate of 21,528 ranks the city as the 50th largest incorporated city in Michigan.
http://wn.com/Monroe_Michigan
Muskegon, Michigan
http://wn.com/Muskegon_Michigan
Niagara River
The Niagara River flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the Province of Ontario in Canada and New York State in the United States. There are differing theories as to the origin of the name of the river. According to Iroquoian scholar Bruce Trigger, "Niagara" is derived from the name given to a branch of the locally residing native Neutral Confederacy, who are described as being called the "Niagagarega" people on several late 17th century French maps of the area. According to George R. Stewart, it comes from the name of an Iroquois town called "Ongniaahra", meaning "point of land cut in two".
http://wn.com/Niagara_River
Novi, Michigan
Novi is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 47,386. In 2007, the city completed a special census which places the current population at 52,231. The city is located approximately northwest from the center of Detroit, and northeast from the center of Ann Arbor. The city is located within the boundaries of the survey township of Novi Township. The remaining unincorporated township is only a tiny fraction surrounded by the city.
http://wn.com/Novi_Michigan
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,
http://wn.com/Ohio
Ontario
Ontario is a Province of Canada located in the east-central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area, (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger in area, but they are not provinces.) The province's largest metropolitan area and Canada's most populous city, Toronto, is the capital city of Ontario. The national capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located in Ontario as well.
http://wn.com/Ontario
Paw Paw, Michigan
Paw Paw is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 3,363. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.
http://wn.com/Paw_Paw_Michigan
Pontiac, Michigan
Pontiac is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 66,337. It is the county seat of Oakland County. Considered a satellite city of Detroit, it is surrounded by affluent Metro Detroit suburbs.
http://wn.com/Pontiac_Michigan
Portage, Michigan
Portage is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 44,897 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Portage_Michigan
Roseville, Michigan
Roseville is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan, and is a part of the Metro Detroit area. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 48,129. Until 1958, Roseville was a part of Erin Township.
http://wn.com/Roseville_Michigan
Royal Oak, Michigan
Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 60,062. It should not be confused with Royal Oak Charter Township, a separate community located nearby. It is the 5th largest city in Oakland County and the 18th largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan.
http://wn.com/Royal_Oak_Michigan
Saginaw River
The Saginaw River is a 22-mile-long (35 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is formed by the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee rivers southeast of Saginaw. It flows northward into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron just northeast of Bay City.
http://wn.com/Saginaw_River
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw was once a thriving lumber town and manufacturing center. Saginaw and Saginaw County lie in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. It is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of the Tri-Cities area, along with Bay City and Midland. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 61,799. In 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population to be 55,238.
http://wn.com/Saginaw_Michigan
Southfield, Michigan
Southfield is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit and is part of the Metro Detroit area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 78,296. Southfield Township is adjacent to the city on the north side. A part of Metro Detroit's upscale office market, the city's marque is a cluster of five golden skyscrapers - known as the "Golden Triangle" - that form the contemporary Southfield Town Center office complex with a Westin Hotel and a conference center. In addition, a 33-story luxury residential high-rise is separate from the complex. Southfield has other skyscrapers. To the west, near the confluence of I-696/Reuther Freeway and M-10/Lodge Freeway, is the American Center.
http://wn.com/Southfield_Michigan
St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a river in central North America which drains Lake Huron into Lake St Clair, forming part of the International Boundary between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is also a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway with shipping channels permitting cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes.
http://wn.com/St_Clair_River
St. Ignace, Michigan
Saint Ignace, usually written as St. Ignace, is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,678. It is the county seat of Mackinac County. From the Lower Peninsula, St. Ignace is the gateway to the Upper Peninsula.
http://wn.com/St_Ignace_Michigan
St. Joseph, Michigan
St. Joseph is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It was incorporated as a village in 1834 and as a city in 1891. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 8,789. It lies on the shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, about 60 miles east-northeast of Chicago. It is the county seat of Berrien County. St. Joseph is the site of the Venetian Festival, an event that draws thousands annually to its shores. It is also home of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
http://wn.com/St_Joseph_Michigan
Tahquamenon River
The Tahquamenon River is a long blackwater river in the U.S. state of Michigan that flows in a generally eastward direction through the eastern end of the Upper Peninsula. It drains approximately of the Upper Peninsula, including large sections of Luce County and Chippewa County. It begins in the Tahquamenon Lakes in northeast Columbus Township of Luce County and empties into Lake Superior near the village of Paradise. M-123 runs alongside a portion of the river.
http://wn.com/Tahquamenon_River
Taylor, Michigan
Taylor is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 65,868 at the 2000 census. Taylor was originally known as Taylor Township and residents of the township voted to incorporate as the City of Taylor in May 1968. Taylor is the 17th most populous city in Michigan and the 418th largest city in the United States.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Michigan
Troy, Michigan
Troy is an affluent city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit. The population was 80,959 at the 2000 census, making it the 12th-largest city in Michigan by population, and the second-largest city in Oakland County after Farmington Hills. Troy has become a business and shopping destination in the Metro Detroit area, with numerous office centers and the upscale Somerset Collection mall.
http://wn.com/Troy_Michigan
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 138,247, making Warren the largest city in Macomb County, the third largest city in Michigan, and Metro Detroit's largest suburb. Warren was also home to rapper Eminem.
http://wn.com/Warren_Michigan
Welland Canal
The Welland Canal is a ship canal in Canada that runs 42 km (27.0 miles) from Port Colborne, Ontario on Lake Erie to Port Weller, Ontario on Lake Ontario. As part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, the canal allows ships to traverse the Niagara Escarpment and avoid Niagara Falls.
http://wn.com/Welland_Canal
Westland, Michigan
Westland is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located about west of downtown Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 86,602.
http://wn.com/Westland_Michigan
Wyoming, Michigan
Wyoming is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 69,368. That makes it the 20th largest city in the state of Michigan. It is the largest suburb of Grand Rapids. In 1832 the area was settled, was initially organized as a township in 1848, and then became a city in 1959.
http://wn.com/Wyoming_Michigan

Mackinac Island
Mackinac Island ( ) is an island and resort area covering in land area, part of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Lake Huron, at the eastern end of the Straits of Mackinac, between the state's Upper and Lower Peninsulas. The island was home to a Native American settlement before European exploration began in the 17th century. It served a strategic position amidst the commerce of the Great Lakes fur trade. This led to the establishment of Fort Mackinac on the island by the British during the American Revolutionary War. It was the scene of two battles during the War of 1812.
http://wn.com/Mackinac_Island

Mackinac Island Michigan 2010

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published: 18 Jul 2010

Coney Islands of Jackson Michigan

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published: 16 Mar 2009

BLACKOUT IN CAYMAN ISLANDS AND MICHIGAN!!!

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published: 01 Aug 2012

Panorama of Apostle Islands from Michigan Ismand Lighthouse

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published: 09 Jul 2011

Wings of Mackinac - Butterfly Conservatory - Mackinac Island, Michigan.

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published: 04 Jul 2010

Coney Islands of Northern Michigan

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published: 26 Apr 2012

Hotel Iroquois, Mackinac Island, Michigan

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published: 18 Nov 2009

Sailing islands of Northen Lake Michigan

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published: 31 Aug 2009

Fall 2010 in the Les Cheneaux Islands, Michigan

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published: 26 Sep 2010

Coney Islands of Flint Michigan

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published: 19 Mar 2012

Michigan 2010 #5 Wild Life Food Skyquakes Mexico EQ Oil Rigs & Islands sinking Radio Show

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published: 31 Oct 2010

Lafayette Coney Island - A Detroit Michigan Icon

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published: 04 Jan 2010

The Lost Stories of Power Island

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published: 17 Feb 2012

Beaver Island Excursion.wmv

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published: 06 Jan 2011

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Photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba

Virgin for sale: Website auctions off virginity of college student for $780,000 (Video)

The Examiner

26 Oct 2012

Related topics virgin auctionvirginity auction Advertisement A 20 year-old Brazilian student has sold her virginity for the sum of $780,000 through an online auction on a website simply called Virgins...

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Photo: Creative Commons / Neogeolegend

Kim Jong-il Funeral ceremony .Kim Jong-il died of a suspected heart attack on 17 December 2011 at 08:30 while traveling by train to an area outside Pyongyang.

N. Korean Army General Executed with Mortar for Drinking

Novosti

25 Oct 2012

MOSCOW, October 25 (RIA Novosti) - A high-ranking North Korean Army official was reportedly executed with a mortar round for drinking liquor during the 100-day...

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Photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama disembarks Air Force One upon arrival at Joplin Regional Airport in Joplin, Missouri, May 21, 2012.

Did Obama Just Play His Iran Card?

WorldNews.com

24 Oct 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling By the time President Richard Nixon told his Chinese hosts during a banquet toast, "Let us start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different...

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Photo: AP / Collin Reid

Waves, brought by Hurricane Sandy, crash on a house in the Caribbean Terrace neighborhood in eastern Kingston, Jamaica, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012.

Hurricane Sandy growing stronger as it nears Cuba

Yahoo Daily News

25 Oct 2012

HAVANA (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy, growing stronger over warm Caribbean waters, lashed eastern Cuba with heavy rains and rising winds on Wednesday as it bore down on the communist island after...

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Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win

Myanmar Buddhist monks march, protesting against plans to open office of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), in Yangon, Myanmar, Monday, Oct. 15, 2012.

Muslims flee Myanmar as unrest continues

New Straits/Business Times

25 Oct 2012

YANGON: A new wave of sectarian violence in western Myanmar has left five people dead and dozens injured in recent days, triggering another exodus of Muslims to emergency camps, officials said...

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Pa. Among "Reach" States Tempting Romney Camp 27 Oct 2012

Real Clear Politics KING OF PRUSSIA, Pa. -- If Mitt Romney were to make a last-minute move to expand his electoral map, Ground Zero for that effort likely would be here amid the suburban sprawl of Montgomery County, outside of Philadelphia. But as about 20 Obama campaign volunteers gathered Thursday night for another...(size: 3.8Kb)

Drinking laws must be reasonable 27 Oct 2012

The Examiner Related topics drinking responsiblyalcoholDrunk Drivingpersonal responsibilitydrinking gamesdrunk driving laws Advertisement Great Britain has banned drinking games in bars. The State of Virginia and the City of Huntington Beach, California have done the same. Ontario, a Province in Canada, has put...(size: 6.8Kb)

Giants vs. Tigers World Series Game 3: San Francisco aims to boost edge at chilly Comerica 27 Oct 2012

Clarion Ledger DETROIT â Frost coming off their breath, Pablo Sandoval and the San Francisco Giants finished their workout at Comerica Park, headed back to the clubhouse and pulled off their hooded sweatshirts and parkas. Halfway to a championship, they weren't about to let a little chill bother them. "The cold...(size: 4.9Kb)

Louisville's great season will make SEC teams target coach Charlie Strong 27 Oct 2012

CBS News By Gregg Doyel | National Columnist Follow Gregg Oct. 27, 2012 1:35 AM ET AD Tom Jurich says he'll make Charlie Strong the highest paid coach to keep him at Louisville. (US Presswire)...(size: 12.2Kb)

WHY IT MATTERS: Michigan's ballot proposals 27 Oct 2012

Austin American Statesman Six contentious ballot proposals are before Michigan voters on Nov. 6, including several well-funded measures backed by special interest groups and five that would require amending the Michigan Constitution. Here's a breakdown of each: PROPOSAL 1: This labor union-backed referendum asks voters...(size: 12.7Kb)

Detroit Marijuana Ballot Measure, Proposal M, Could Lead To Partial Decriminalization 27 Oct 2012

Huffington Post A proposal to amend Detroit's city code to decriminalize small amounts marijuana will finally appear on the city's ballot this November after being held up in court for almost two years....(size: 11.1Kb)

Groups in Florida Look to Highlight Changes as Early Voting Begins 27 Oct 2012

The New York Times JACKSONVILLE, Fla. — Before the supervisor of elections opened the main polling site here in Duval County at 7 a.m., a line of almost 100 people had already formed, snaking its way along the sidewalk of a strip-mall parking lot. All but three voters in line were black. As they waited, they held...(size: 9.4Kb)

AP poll: Majority harbor prejudice against blacks 27 Oct 2012

Philadelphia Daily News WASHINGTON - Racial attitudes have not improved in the four years since the United States elected its first black president, an Associated Press poll finds, as a slight majority of Americans now express prejudice toward blacks whether they recognize those feelings or not. Those views could cost...(size: 7.5Kb)

Rise in Household Debt Might Be Sign of a Strengthening Recovery 27 Oct 2012

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Scouting report for Michigan-Nebraska 27 Oct 2012

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Islands of the state of Michigan
Location of Michigan within the United States
Geography
Major islands	Beaver, Drummond, Grosse Ile, Harsens, Isle Royale, Mackinac
Country
Country	United States
State	Michigan

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Bar Point Shoal^[1]	Berlin Township	Monroe	42°00′03″N 83°08′28″W / 42.00083°N 83.14111°W / 42.00083; -83.14111 (Bar Point Shoal)
Gard Island^[2]	Erie Township	Monroe	41°44′55″N 83°26′37″W / 41.74861°N 83.44361°W / 41.74861; -83.44361 (Gard Island)
Indian Island^[3]	Erie Township	Monroe	41°44′50″N 83°27′13″W / 41.74722°N 83.45361°W / 41.74722; -83.45361 (Indian Island)
North Cape^[4]	Erie Township	Monroe	41°44′37″N 83°25′45″W / 41.74361°N 83.42916°W / 41.74361; -83.42916 (North Cape)
Pointe Mouillee^[5]	Berlin Township	Monroe	42°00′15″N 83°11′39″W / 42.00416°N 83.19416°W / 42.00416; -83.19416 (Pointe Mouillee)
Smiths Island^[6]	Monroe	Monroe	41°52′21″N 83°21′40″W / 41.87250°N 83.36111°W / 41.87250; -83.36111 (Smiths Island)
Sterling State Park^[7]	Frenchtown Township	Monroe	41°54′48″N 83°20′05″W / 41.91333°N 83.33472°W / 41.91333; -83.33472 (Sterling State Park)
Turtle Island^[8]	Erie Township	Monroe	41°45′09″N 83°23′27″W / 41.75250°N 83.39083°W / 41.75250; -83.39083 (Turtle Island)

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Bassett Island	Peninsula Township	Grand Traverse	44°52′21″N 85°34′14″W / 44.87250°N 85.57056°W / 44.87250; -85.57056 (Bassett Island)
Beaver Island	Peaine / St. James	Charlevoix	45°39′53″N 85°33′26″W / 45.66472°N 85.55722°W / 45.66472; -85.55722 (Beaver Island)
Bellow Island	Suttons Bay Township	Leelanau	45°06′00″N 85°34′03″W / 45.10000°N 85.56750°W / 45.10000; -85.56750 (Bellow Island)
Butlers Island	Gladstone	Delta	45°51′40″N 87°00′57″W / 45.86111°N 87.01583°W / 45.86111; -87.01583 (Butlers Island)
Epoufette Island	Hendricks Township	Mackinac	46°02′39″N 85°12′06″W / 46.04417°N 85.20167°W / 46.04417; -85.20167 (Epoufette Island)
Fisherman Island	Norwood Township	Charlevoix	45°17′14″N 85°21′33″W / 45.28722°N 85.35917°W / 45.28722; -85.35917 (Fisherman Island)
Garden Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°48′17″N 85°29′40″W / 45.80472°N 85.49444°W / 45.80472; -85.49444 (Garden Island)
Grape Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°46′48″N 85°25′14″W / 45.78000°N 85.42056°W / 45.78000; -85.42056 (Grape Island)
Gravel Island	Hudson Township	Mackinac	46°04′39″N 85°18′20″W / 46.07750°N 85.30556°W / 46.07750; -85.30556 (Gravel Island)
Gravelly Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°31′18″N 86°43′33″W / 45.52167°N 86.72583°W / 45.52167; -86.72583 (Gravelly Island)
Green Island	St. Ignace	Mackinac	45°50′06″N 84°44′59″W / 45.83500°N 84.74972°W / 45.83500; -84.74972 (Green Island)
Gull Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°30′36″N 86°43′10″W / 45.51000°N 86.71944°W / 45.51000; -86.71944 (Gull Island (Delta County))
Gull Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°42′09″N 85°50′19″W / 45.70250°N 85.83861°W / 45.70250; -85.83861 (Gull Island (Charlevoix County))
Hat Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°48′57″N 85°18′00″W / 45.81583°N 85.30000°W / 45.81583; -85.30000 (Hat Island)
High Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°43′28″N 85°40′19″W / 45.72444°N 85.67194°W / 45.72444; -85.67194 (High Island)
Hog Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°47′33″N 85°21′49″W / 45.79250°N 85.36361°W / 45.79250; -85.36361 (Hog Island)
Horseshoe Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°46′25″N 85°21′41″W / 45.77361°N 85.36139°W / 45.77361; -85.36139 (Horseshoe Island)
Ile Aux Galets	Cross Village Township	Emmet	45°40′35″N 85°10′23″W / 45.67639°N 85.17306°W / 45.67639; -85.17306 (Ile Aux Galets)
Little Gull Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°29′56″N 86°42′52″W / 45.49889°N 86.71444°W / 45.49889; -86.71444 (Little Gull Island)
Little Hog Island	Hudson Township	Mackinac	46°04′12″N 85°17′25″W / 46.07000°N 85.29028°W / 46.07000; -85.29028 (Little Hog Island)
Little Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°47′17″N 85°30′09″W / 45.78806°N 85.50250°W / 45.78806; -85.50250 (Little Island)
Little Summer Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°36′22″N 86°41′38″W / 45.60611°N 86.69389°W / 45.60611; -86.69389 (Little Summer Island)
Marion Island	Peninsula Township	Grand Traverse	44°51′57″N 85°34′32″W / 44.86583°N 85.57556°W / 44.86583; -85.57556 (Marion Island)
Naubinway Island	Garfield Township	Mackinac	46°04′32″N 85°26′43″W / 46.07556°N 85.44528°W / 46.07556; -85.44528 (Naubinway Island)
North Fox Island	Leelanau Township	Leelanau	45°28′48″N 85°46′33″W / 45.48000°N 85.77583°W / 45.48000; -85.77583 (North Fox Island)
North Manitou Island	Leland Township	Leelanau	45°06′30″N 86°01′15″W / 45.10833°N 86.02083°W / 45.10833; -86.02083 (North Manitou Island)
Pismire Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°46′06″N 85°26′43″W / 45.76833°N 85.44528°W / 45.76833; -85.44528 (Pismire Island)
Poverty Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°31′39″N 86°39′52″W / 45.52750°N 86.66444°W / 45.52750; -86.66444 (Poverty Island)
Round Island	Ford River Township	Delta	45°38′34″N 87°10′05″W / 45.64278°N 87.16806°W / 45.64278; -87.16806 (Round Island (Green Bay))
Round Island	Bay de Noc Township	Delta	45°44′44″N 86°45′44″W / 45.74556°N 86.76222°W / 45.74556; -86.76222 (Round Island (Bay de Noc))
St. Helena Island	Moran Township	Mackinac	45°51′30″N 84°52′15″W / 45.85833°N 84.87083°W / 45.85833; -84.87083 (St. Helena Island)
St. Martin Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°29′52″N 86°46′13″W / 45.49778°N 86.77028°W / 45.49778; -86.77028 (St. Martin Island (Lake Michigan))
St. Vital Island	Bay de Noc Township	Delta	45°47′59″N 86°45′35″W / 45.79972°N 86.75972°W / 45.79972; -86.75972 (St. Vital Island)
Sand Island	Escanaba	Delta	45°44′26″N 87°02′41″W / 45.74056°N 87.04472°W / 45.74056; -87.04472 (Sand Island)
Shoe Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°48′25″N 85°17′52″W / 45.80694°N 85.29778°W / 45.80694; -85.29778 (Shoe Island)
Snake Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°44′17″N 86°39′27″W / 45.73806°N 86.65750°W / 45.73806; -86.65750 (Snake Island)
South Fox Island	Leelanau Township	Leelanau	45°26′27″N 85°52′47″W / 45.44083°N 85.87972°W / 45.44083; -85.87972 (South Fox Island)
South Manitou Island	Glen Arbor Township	Leelanau	44°59′57″N 86°07′13″W / 44.99917°N 86.12028°W / 44.99917; -86.12028 (South Manitou Island)
Squaw Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°50′13″N 85°35′12″W / 45.83694°N 85.58667°W / 45.83694; -85.58667 (Squaw Island)
Summer Island	Fairbanks Township	Delta	45°33′48″N 86°38′11″W / 45.56333°N 86.63639°W / 45.56333; -86.63639 (Summer Island)
Whiskey Island	St. James Township	Charlevoix	45°48′40″N 85°35′40″W / 45.81111°N 85.59444°W / 45.81111; -85.59444 (Whiskey Island)
Temperance Island	Bliss Township	Emmet	45°45′47″N 85°02′01″W / 45.76306°N 85.03361°W / 45.76306; -85.03361 (Temperance Island)
Waugoshance Island	Bliss Township	Emmet	45°45′50″N 85°04′04″W / 45.76389°N 85.06778°W / 45.76389; -85.06778 (Waugoshance Island)

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Au Train Island	Onota Township	Alger	46°29′07″N 86°53′35″W / 46.48528°N 86.89306°W / 46.48528; -86.89306 (Au Train Island)
Garlic Island	Powell Township	Marquette	46°42′16″N 87°32′29″W / 46.70444°N 87.54139°W / 46.70444; -87.54139 (Garlic Island)
Grand Island	Grand Island Township	Alger	46°31′00″N 86°40′00″W / 46.51667°N 86.66667°W / 46.51667; -86.66667 (Grand Island)
Granite Island	Powell Township	Marquette	46°43′15″N 87°24′41″W / 46.72083°N 87.41139°W / 46.72083; -87.41139 (Granite Island)
Gull Island	Powell Township	Marquette	46°57′00″N 87°57′25″W / 46.95000°N 87.95694°W / 46.95000; -87.95694 (Gull Island (Marquette County))
Huron Islands	Powell Township	Marquette	46°57′16″N 87°58′38″W / 46.95444°N 87.97722°W / 46.95444; -87.97722 (Huron Islands)
Iroquois Island	Bay Mills Township	Chippewa	46°29′30″N 84°40′57″W / 46.49167°N 84.68250°W / 46.49167; -84.68250 (Iroquois Island)
Larus Island	Marquette Township	Marquette	46°36′41″N 87°25′51″W / 46.61139°N 87.43083°W / 46.61139; -87.43083 (Larus Island)
Lighthouse Island	Powell Township	Marquette	46°57′45″N 87°59′58″W / 46.96250°N 87.99944°W / 46.96250; -87.99944 (Lighthouse Island)
Little Presque Island	Marquette Township	Marquette	46°38′20″N 87°27′32″W / 46.63889°N 87.45889°W / 46.63889; -87.45889 (Little Presque Island)
Manitou Island	Grant Township	Keweenaw	47°25′00″N 87°37′00″W / 47.41667°N 87.61667°W / 47.41667; -87.61667 (Manitou Island)
McIntyre Island	Powell Township	Marquette	46°57′08″N 87°58′13″W / 46.95222°N 87.97028°W / 46.95222; -87.97028 (McIntyre Island)
Middle Island	Marquette Township	Marquette	46°35′41″N 87°24′04″W / 46.59472°N 87.40111°W / 46.59472; -87.40111 (Middle Island)
Naomikong Island	Whitefish Township	Chippewa	46°29′02″N 84°57′25″W / 46.48389°N 84.95694°W / 46.48389; -84.95694 (Naomikong Island)
Partridge Island	Marquette Township	Marquette	46°36′08″N 87°24′56″W / 46.60222°N 87.41556°W / 46.60222; -87.41556 (Partridge Island)
Picnic Rocks	Marquette	Marquette	46°33′21″N 87°22′38″W / 46.55583°N 87.37722°W / 46.55583; -87.37722 (Picnic Rocks)
Porters Island	Grant Township	Keweenaw	47°28′30″N 87°52′59″W / 47.47500°N 87.88306°W / 47.47500; -87.88306 (Porters Island)
Presque Isle	Marquette	Marquette	46°35′17″N 87°22′54″W / 46.58806°N 87.38167°W / 46.58806; -87.38167 (Presque Isle)
Presque Isle Point Rocks	Marquette	Marquette	46°35′27″N 87°21′49″W / 46.59083°N 87.36361°W / 46.59083; -87.36361 (Presque Isle Point Rocks)
Ripley Rock	Marquette	Marquette	46°32′21″N 87°23′15″W / 46.53917°N 87.38750°W / 46.53917; -87.38750 (Ripley Rock)
Tahquamenom Island	Whitefish Township	Chippewa	46°31′54″N 84°56′44″W / 46.53167°N 84.94556°W / 46.53167; -84.94556 (Tahquamenom Island)
Traverse Island	Houghton Township	Houghton	47°04′18″N 88°16′18″W / 47.07167°N 88.27167°W / 47.07167; -88.27167 (Traverse Island)
Williams Island	Grand Island Township	Alger	46°28′55″N 86°43′09″W / 46.48194°N 86.71917°W / 46.48194; -86.71917 (Williams Island)
Wood Island	Grand Island Township	Alger	46°30′34″N 86°44′30″W / 46.50944°N 86.74167°W / 46.50944; -86.74167 (Wood Island)

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Bruckner Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°34′20″N 82°39′35″W / 42.57222°N 82.65972°W / 42.57222; -82.65972 (Bruckner Island)
Club Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°33′40″N 82°40′45″W / 42.56111°N 82.67917°W / 42.56111; -82.67917 (Club Island)
Dickinson Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°36′37″N 82°37′38″W / 42.61028°N 82.62722°W / 42.61028; -82.62722 (Dickinson Island)
Green Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°33′58″N 82°40′48″W / 42.56611°N 82.68000°W / 42.56611; -82.68000 (Green Island)
Gull Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°31′49″N 82°40′56″W / 42.53028°N 82.68222°W / 42.53028; -82.68222 (Gull Island)
Harsens Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°35′22″N 82°35′19″W / 42.58944°N 82.58861°W / 42.58944; -82.58861 (Harsens Island)
McDonald Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°35′02″N 82°39′16″W / 42.58389°N 82.65444°W / 42.58389; -82.65444 (McDonald Island)
Middle Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°37′03″N 82°40′35″W / 42.61750°N 82.67639°W / 42.61750; -82.67639 (Middle Island)
Muscamoot Ridge	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°34′29″N 82°38′11″W / 42.57472°N 82.63639°W / 42.57472; -82.63639 (Muscamoot Ridge)
North Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°37′16″N 82°39′03″W / 42.62111°N 82.65083°W / 42.62111; -82.65083 (North Island)
Russell Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°36′30″N 82°31′44″W / 42.60833°N 82.52889°W / 42.60833; -82.52889 (Russell Island)
Sand Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°33′10″N 82°43′04″W / 42.55278°N 82.71778°W / 42.55278; -82.71778 (Sand Island)
Strawberry Island	Clay Township	St. Clair	42°35′53″N 82°42′34″W / 42.59806°N 82.70944°W / 42.59806; -82.70944 (Strawberry Island)

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Advance Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°22′41″N 84°08′40″W / 46.37806°N 84.14444°W / 46.37806; -84.14444 (Advance Island)
Bass Reef Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°06′16″N 83°59′50″W / 46.10444°N 83.99722°W / 46.10444; -83.99722 (Bass Reef Island)
Chicken Islands	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°18′24″N 84°07′40″W / 46.30667°N 84.12778°W / 46.30667; -84.12778 (Chicken Islands)
Cook Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°29′40″N 84°15′55″W / 46.49444°N 84.26528°W / 46.49444; -84.26528 (Cook Island)
Duck Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°21′50″N 84°08′34″W / 46.36389°N 84.14278°W / 46.36389; -84.14278 (Duck Island)
Edward Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°05′58″N 83°58′42″W / 46.09944°N 83.97833°W / 46.09944; -83.97833 (Edward Island)
Gem Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°25′57″N 84°10′38″W / 46.43250°N 84.17722°W / 46.43250; -84.17722 (Gem Island)
Gull Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°10′14″N 84°13′03″W / 46.17056°N 84.21750°W / 46.17056; -84.21750 (Gull Island)
Hart Island	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°05′28″N 83°59′09″W / 46.09111°N 83.98583°W / 46.09111; -83.98583 (Hart Island)
Hen Island	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°18′51″N 84°07′59″W / 46.31417°N 84.13306°W / 46.31417; -84.13306 (Hen Island)
Hog Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°29′30″N 84°16′10″W / 46.49167°N 84.26944°W / 46.49167; -84.26944 (Hog Island)
Island Number Four	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°28′24″N 84°17′15″W / 46.47333°N 84.28750°W / 46.47333; -84.28750 (Island Number Four)
Island Number One	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°28′50″N 84°17′35″W / 46.48056°N 84.29306°W / 46.48056; -84.29306 (Island Number One)
Island Number Three	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°28′34″N 84°18′04″W / 46.47611°N 84.30111°W / 46.47611; -84.30111 (Island Number Three)
Island Number Two	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°28′34″N 84°17′52″W / 46.47611°N 84.29778°W / 46.47611; -84.29778 (Island Number Two)
Lime Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°05′11″N 83°59′56″W / 46.08639°N 83.99889°W / 46.08639; -83.99889 (Lime Island)
Love Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°06′05″N 83°59′23″W / 46.10139°N 83.98972°W / 46.10139; -83.98972 (Love Island)
Moon Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°13′02″N 84°10′07″W / 46.21722°N 84.16861°W / 46.21722; -84.16861 (Moon Island)
Munuscong Island	Pickford Township	Chippewa	46°12′51″N 84°14′25″W / 46.21417°N 84.24028°W / 46.21417; -84.24028 (Munuscong Island)
Neebish Island	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°17′00″N 84°09′30″W / 46.28333°N 84.15833°W / 46.28333; -84.15833 (Neebish Island)
Pilot Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°10′34″N 84°08′00″W / 46.17611°N 84.13333°W / 46.17611; -84.13333 (Pilot Island)
Pine Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°10′32″N 84°12′21″W / 46.17556°N 84.20583°W / 46.17556; -84.20583 (Pine Island)
Pipe Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°10′32″N 84°12′21″W / 46.17556°N 84.20583°W / 46.17556; -84.20583 (Pipe Island)
Rains Island	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°15′28″N 84°06′41″W / 46.25778°N 84.11139°W / 46.25778; -84.11139 (Rains Island)
Rock Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°23′11″N 84°08′45″W / 46.38639°N 84.14583°W / 46.38639; -84.14583 (Rock Island)
Round Island	Superior Township	Chippewa	46°06′32″N 84°01′16″W / 46.10889°N 84.02111°W / 46.10889; -84.02111 (Round Island)
Round Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°26′34″N 84°30′57″W / 46.44278°N 84.51583°W / 46.44278; -84.51583 (Round Island)
Sand Island	Soo Township	Chippewa	46°18′58″N 84°12′17″W / 46.31611°N 84.20472°W / 46.31611; -84.20472 (Sand Island)
Steamboat Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°11′04″N 84°11′30″W / 46.18444°N 84.19167°W / 46.18444; -84.19167 (Steamboat Island)
Sugar Island	Sugar Island Township	Chippewa	46°26′00″N 84°13′00″W / 46.43333°N 84.21667°W / 46.43333; -84.21667 (Sugar Island)
Twin Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°09′22″N 84°05′09″W / 46.15611°N 84.08583°W / 46.15611; -84.08583 (Twin Island)
Two Tree Island	Raber Township	Chippewa	46°12′29″N 84°05′13″W / 46.20806°N 84.08694°W / 46.20806; -84.08694 (Two Tree Island)

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Island	Body of water	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Apple Island	Orchard Lake	Orchard Lake Village	Oakland	42°35′21″N 83°22′18″W / 42.58916°N 83.37166°W / 42.58916; -83.37166 (Apple Island)
Batchelors Island	St. Joseph River	Buchanan Township	Berrien	41°51′04″N 86°21′55″W / 41.85111°N 86.36528°W / 41.85111; -86.36528 (Batchelors Island)
Bellevue Island	Lake Orion	Orion Township	Oakland	42°46′57″N 83°15′10″W / 42.78250°N 83.25278°W / 42.78250; -83.25278 (Bellevue Island)
Birch Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Norman Township	Manistee	44°15′28″N 85°53′26″W / 44.25778°N 85.89056°W / 44.25778; -85.89056 (Birch Island)
Birch Isle	Lake Richie	Houghton Township	Keweenaw	48°02′57″N 88°41′27″W / 48.04917°N 88.69083°W / 48.04917; -88.69083 (Birch Isle)
Bird Island	Lake Oakland	Independence Township	Oakland	42°42′01″N 83°21′55″W / 42.70028°N 83.36528°W / 42.70028; -83.36528 (Bird Island)
Blackbird Island	Gun Lake	Yankee Springs	Barry	42°35′40″N 85°32′01″W / 42.59444°N 85.53361°W / 42.59444; -85.53361 (Blackbird Island)
Blain Island	Lotus Lake	Springfield Township	Oakland	42°41′50″N 83°25′50″W / 42.69722°N 83.43056°W / 42.69722; -83.43056 (Blain Island)
Blue Gill Island	Lobdell Lake	Argentine Township	Genesee	42°47′00″N 83°49′32″W / 42.78333°N 83.82556°W / 42.78333; -83.82556 (Blue Gill Island)
Brush Island	Long Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°44′12″N 85°45′59″W / 44.73667°N 85.76639°W / 44.73667; -85.76639 (Brush Island)
Burnt Island	Manistique Lake	Portage Township	Mackinac	46°13′44″N 85°44′03″W / 46.22889°N 85.73417°W / 46.22889; -85.73417 (Burnt Island)
Carrollton Bar	Saginaw River	Carrollton Township	Saginaw	43°27′34″N 83°55′02″W / 43.45944°N 83.91722°W / 43.45944; -83.91722 (Carrollton Bar)
Case Island	Lake Fenton	Fenton Township	Genesee	42°50′30″N 83°43′09″W / 42.84167°N 83.71917°W / 42.84167; -83.71917 (Case Island)
Cedar Island	Orchard Lake	Norman Township	Manistee	44°15′10″N 85°54′13″W / 44.25278°N 85.90361°W / 44.25278; -85.90361 (Cedar Island)
Cedar Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Norman Township	Oakland	42°35′30″N 83°22′50″W / 42.59167°N 83.38056°W / 42.59167; -83.38056 (Cedar Island)
Clark Island	Goguac Lake	Battle Creek	Calhoun	42°17′07″N 85°12′57″W / 42.28528°N 85.21583°W / 42.28528; -85.21583 (Clark Island)
Dam Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Norman Township	Manistee	44°15′42″N 85°56′08″W / 44.26167°N 85.93556°W / 44.26167; -85.93556 (Dam Island)
Dawsons Island	White Lake	Highland Township	Oakland	42°40′27″N 83°33′34″W / 42.67417°N 83.55944°W / 42.67417; -83.55944 (Dawsons Island)
Debs Island	St. Joseph River	Buchanan Township	Berrien	41°51′13″N 86°21′54″W / 41.85361°N 86.36500°W / 41.85361; -86.36500 (Debs Island)
Dermo Island	Grand River	Grand Haven	Ottawa	43°03′10″N 86°10′10″W / 43.05278°N 86.16944°W / 43.05278; -86.16944 (Dermo Island)
Diamond Island	Diamond Lake	Cassopolis	Cass	41°54′09″N 85°58′34″W / 41.90250°N 85.97611°W / 41.90250; -85.97611 (Diamond Island)
Dornbos Island	Grand River	Grand Haven	Ottawa	43°04′20″N 86°12′45″W / 43.07222°N 86.21250°W / 43.07222; -86.21250 (Dornbos Island)
Draper Island	Lac Vieux Desert	Watersmeet Township	Gogebic	46°08′30″N 89°05′05″W / 46.14167°N 89.08472°W / 46.14167; -89.08472 (Draper Island)
Eagle Island	Bald Eagle Lake	Brandon Township	Oakland	42°49′09″N 83°26′36″W / 42.81917°N 83.44333°W / 42.81917; -83.44333 (Eagle Island)
Eagle Nest Island	Siskiwit Lake	Houghton Township	Keweenaw	47°59′35″N 88°47′33″W / 47.99306°N 88.79250°W / 47.99306; -88.79250 (Eagle Nest Island)
Eastmans Island	Grand River	Grand Haven	Ottawa	43°04′14″N 86°12′00″W / 43.07056°N 86.20000°W / 43.07056; -86.20000 (Eastmans Island)
Fitch Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Norman Township	Manistee	44°15′19″N 85°54′42″W / 44.25528°N 85.91167°W / 44.25528; -85.91167 (Fitch Island)
Florence Island	Fife Lake	Fife Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°33′47″N 85°20′58″W / 44.56306°N 85.34944°W / 44.56306; -85.34944 (Florence Island)
Flynn Island	Higgins Lake	Gerrish Township	Roscommon	44°28′47″N 84°43′33″W / 44.47972°N 84.72583°W / 44.47972; -84.72583 (Flynn Island)
Foleys Island	River Raisin	Monroe	Monroe	41°53′34″N 83°22′22″W / 41.89278°N 83.37278°W / 41.89278; -83.37278 (Foleys Island)
Foster Island	Manistique Lake	Lakefield Township	Luce	46°14′59″N 85°48′47″W / 46.24972°N 85.81306°W / 46.24972; -85.81306 (Foster Island)
Fordson Island	River Rouge	Dearborn	Wayne	42°17′37″N 83°08′52″W / 42.29361°N 83.14778°W / 42.29361; -83.14778 (Fordson Island)
Fox Island	Long Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°43′09″N 85°44′49″W / 44.71917°N 85.74694°W / 44.71917; -85.74694 (Fox Island)
Goat Island	Center Lake	Leoni Township	Jackson	42°12′51″N 84°18′58″W / 42.21417°N 84.31611°W / 42.21417; -84.31611 (Goat Island)
Government Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Norman Township	Manistee	44°15′36″N 85°53′15″W / 44.26000°N 85.88750°W / 44.26000; -85.88750 (Government Island)
Green Point	Saginaw River	Saginaw	Saginaw	43°23′02″N 83°58′23″W / 43.38389°N 83.97306°W / 43.38389; -83.97306 (Green Point)
Gull Island	Manistique Lake	Portage Township	Mackinac	46°14′28″N 85°48′36″W / 46.24111°N 85.81000°W / 46.24111; -85.81000 (Gull Island)
Happy Island	Sage Lake	Hill Township	Ogemaw	44°20′49″N 83°56′12″W / 44.34694°N 83.93667°W / 44.34694; -83.93667 (Happy Island)
Harbor Island	Grand River	Grand Haven	Ottawa	43°04′24″N 86°13′31″W / 43.07333°N 86.22528°W / 43.07333; -86.22528 (Harbor Island)
Harrington Island	Portage Lake	Stanton Township	Houghton	47°09′30″N 88°38′06″W / 47.15833°N 88.63500°W / 47.15833; -88.63500 (Harrington Island)
Hastings Island	Lake Richie	Houghton Township	Keweenaw	48°02′47″N 88°41′39″W / 48.04639°N 88.69417°W / 48.04639; -88.69417 (Hastings Island)
Helen Island	Fife Lake	Fife Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°33′54″N 85°21′12″W / 44.56500°N 85.35333°W / 44.56500; -85.35333 (Helen Island)
Holy Island	Lake Charlevoix	Eveline Township	Charlevoix	45°13′55″N 85°10′00″W / 45.23194°N 85.16667°W / 45.23194; -85.16667 (Holy Island)
Hubbels Island	White Lake	Highland Township	Oakland	42°39′42″N 83°34′08″W / 42.66167°N 83.56889°W / 42.66167; -83.56889 (Hubbels Island)
Iyopawa Island	Coldwater Lake	Kinderhook Township	Branch	41°48′49″N 84°58′24″W / 41.81361°N 84.97333°W / 41.81361; -84.97333 (Iyopawa Island)
Joys Island	Tahquamenon River	McMillan Township	Luce	46°31′52″N 85°17′28″W / 46.53111°N 85.29111°W / 46.53111; -85.29111 (Joys Island)
Kauslers Island	River Raisin	Monroe	Monroe	41°53′28″N 83°22′35″W / 41.89111°N 83.37639°W / 41.89111; -83.37639 (Kauslers Island)
Long Island	Bass Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°41′31″N 85°42′36″W / 44.69194°N 85.71000°W / 44.69194; -85.71000 (Long Island (Bass Lake))
Long Island	Long Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°43′39″N 85°44′57″W / 44.72750°N 85.74917°W / 44.72750; -85.74917 (Long Island (Long Lake))
Loud Island	Van Etten Lake	Oscoda Township	Iosco	44°28′55″N 83°22′23″W / 44.48194°N 83.37306°W / 44.48194; -83.37306 (Loud Island)
Maple Island	Maple Lake	Paw Paw	Van Buren	42°13′52″N 85°53′19″W / 42.23111°N 85.88861°W / 42.23111; -85.88861 (Maple Island (Maple Lake))
Maple Island	Center Lake	Leoni Township	Jackson	42°12′32″N 84°19′09″W / 42.20889°N 84.31917°W / 42.20889; -84.31917 (Maple Island (Center Lake))
Marina Island	St. Joseph River	St. Joseph	Berrien	42°06′20″N 86°28′15″W / 42.10556°N 86.47083°W / 42.10556; -86.47083 (Marina Island)
Martinique Island	Grand River	Grand Haven	Ottawa	43°03′30″N 86°11′25″W / 43.05833°N 86.19028°W / 43.05833; -86.19028 (Martinique Island)
Memory Isle	Rocky River	Three Rivers	St. Joseph	41°56′40″N 85°38′12″W / 41.94444°N 85.63667°W / 41.94444; -85.63667 (Memory Isle)
Merryman Island	Rosebush Lake	Holmes Township	Menominee	45°29′44″N 87°47′18″W / 45.49556°N 87.78833°W / 45.49556; -87.78833 (Merryman Island)
Middle Ground Island	Saginaw River	Bay City	Bay	43°34′17″N 83°54′24″W / 43.57139°N 83.90667°W / 43.57139; -83.90667 (Middle Ground Island)
Middle Island	Sage Lake	Hill Township	Ogemaw	44°20′59″N 83°56′30″W / 44.34972°N 83.94167°W / 44.34972; -83.94167 (Middle Island)
Millman Island	Huron River	Berlin Township	Monroe	42°02′35″N 83°12′38″W / 42.04306°N 83.21056°W / 42.04306; -83.21056 (Millman Island)
Near Island	Lac Vieux Desert	Watersmeet Township	Gogebic	46°08′23″N 89°05′30″W / 46.13972°N 89.09167°W / 46.13972; -89.09167 (Near Island)
Norton Island	South Manistique Lake	Newton Township	Mackinac	46°09′39″N 85°45′49″W / 46.16083°N 85.76361°W / 46.16083; -85.76361 (Norton Island)
Oden Island	Crooked Lake	Little Traverse	Emmet	45°24′53″N 84°49′12″W / 45.41472°N 84.82000°W / 45.41472; -84.82000 (Oden Island)
Ojibway Island	Saginaw River	Saginaw	Saginaw	43°25′01″N 83°57′23″W / 43.41694°N 83.95639°W / 43.41694; -83.95639 (Ojibway Island)
Orangeville Island	Gun Lake	Yankee Springs	Barry	42°35′32″N 85°31′01″W / 42.59222°N 85.51694°W / 42.59222; -85.51694 (Orangeville Island)
Pardee Island	Lake Chapin	Berrien Springs	Berrien	41°56′50″N 86°19′50″W / 41.94722°N 86.33056°W / 41.94722; -86.33056 (Pardee Island)
Park Island	Round Lake	Charlevoix	Charlevoix	45°18′59″N 85°14′53″W / 45.31639°N 85.24806°W / 45.31639; -85.24806 (Park Island)
Park Island	Lake Orion	Orion Township	Oakland	42°46′43″N 83°14′39″W / 42.77861°N 83.24417°W / 42.77861; -83.24417 (Park Island)
Pells Island	Douglas Lake	Munro Township	Cheboygan	45°34′37″N 84°42′33″W / 45.57694°N 84.70917°W / 45.57694; -84.70917 (Pells Island)
Picnic Island	Long Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°43′58″N 85°44′58″W / 44.73278°N 85.74944°W / 44.73278; -85.74944 (Picnic Island)
Ramsay Island	Lake Michigamme	Michigamme Township	Marquette	46°31′14″N 88°03′14″W / 46.52056°N 88.05389°W / 46.52056; -88.05389 (Ramsay Island)
Reimers Island	Duck Lake	Watersmeet Township	Gogebic	46°12′03″N 89°13′16″W / 46.20083°N 89.22111°W / 46.20083; -89.22111 (Reimers Island)
Rowe Island	Morrow Lake	Comstock Township	Kalamazoo	42°16′48″N 85°28′05″W / 42.28000°N 85.46806°W / 42.28000; -85.46806 (Rowe Island)
Ryan Island	Siskiwit Lake	Houghton Township	Keweenaw	48°00′36″N 88°46′15″W / 48.01000°N 88.77083°W / 48.01000; -88.77083 (Ryan Island)
Scaddens Island	Fortune Lake	Crystal Falls	Iron	46°05′12″N 88°25′29″W / 46.08667°N 88.42472°W / 46.08667; -88.42472 (Scaddens Island)
Sisters Island	River Raisin	Monroe	Monroe	41°55′10″N 83°24′15″W / 41.91944°N 83.40417°W / 41.91944; -83.40417 (Sisters Island)
Skull Island	Saginaw River	Bay City	Bay	43°33′18″N 83°54′11″W / 43.55500°N 83.90306°W / 43.55500; -83.90306 (Skull Island)
South Island	Long Lake	Long Lake Township	Grand Traverse	44°42′52″N 85°44′54″W / 44.71444°N 85.74833°W / 44.71444; -85.74833 (South Island)
Stage Island	Lobdell Lake	Argentine Township	Genesee	42°47′05″N 83°49′54″W / 42.78472°N 83.83167°W / 42.78472; -83.83167 (Stage Island)
Sterling Island	River Raisin	Monroe	Monroe	41°54′30″N 83°22′39″W / 41.90833°N 83.37750°W / 41.90833; -83.37750 (Sterling Island)
Stony Island	Saginaw River	Bay City	Bay	43°32′44″N 83°54′18″W / 43.54556°N 83.90500°W / 43.54556; -83.90500 (Stony Island)
Stony Point Island	Stony Point	Frenchtown Township	Monroe	41°56′17″N 83°15′56″W / 41.93805°N 83.26555°W / 41.93805; -83.26555 (Stony Point Island)
Sundstrum Island	Lake Michigamme	Michigamme Township	Marquette	46°31′30″N 88°06′05″W / 46.52500°N 88.10139°W / 46.52500; -88.10139 (Sundstrum Island)
Teakettle Island	Siskiwit Lake	Houghton Township	Keweenaw	48°00′49″N 88°45′48″W / 48.01361°N 88.76333°W / 48.01361; -88.76333 (Teakettle Island)
Troque Island	Muskegon River	Bridgeton Township	Newaygo	43°19′30″N 86°00′51″W / 43.32500°N 86.01417°W / 43.32500; -86.01417 (Troque Island)
Victoria Island	Lake Orion	Orion Township	Oakland	42°47′06″N 83°15′20″W / 42.78500°N 83.25556°W / 42.78500; -83.25556 (Victoria Island)
Vince Island	Goguac Lake	Battle Creek	Calhoun	42°17′00″N 85°13′04″W / 42.28333°N 85.21778°W / 42.28333; -85.21778 (Vince Island)
Virgin Island	Tippy Dam Pond	Dickson Township	Manistee	44°16′36″N 85°52′29″W / 44.27667°N 85.87472°W / 44.27667; -85.87472 (Virgin Island)
Ward Island	Goguac Lake	Battle Creek	Calhoun	42°17′35″N 85°12′19″W / 42.29306°N 85.20528°W / 42.29306; -85.20528 (Ward Island)
Windmill Island	Lake Macatawa	Holland	Ottawa	42°47′58″N 86°05′45″W / 42.79944°N 86.09583°W / 42.79944; -86.09583 (Windmill Island)
Yankee Spring Island	Gun Lake	Yankee Springs	Barry	42°35′43″N 85°30′43″W / 42.59528°N 85.51194°W / 42.59528; -85.51194 (Yankee Spring)
Zerons Island	Sage Lake	Hill Township	Ogemaw	44°21′14″N 83°56′54″W / 44.35389°N 83.94833°W / 44.35389; -83.94833 (Zerons Island)

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Island	Municipality	County	Coordinates
Allen Island	Krakow Township	Presque Isle	45°19′21″N 83°32′51″W / 45.32250°N 83.54750°W / 45.32250; -83.54750 (Allen Island)
Applegate Island	Krakow Township	Presque Isle	45°18′41″N 83°32′41″W / 45.31139°N 83.54472°W / 45.31139; -83.54472 (Applegate Island)
Bear Island	Krakow Township	Presque Isle	45°19′11″N 83°33′03″W / 45.31972°N 83.55083°W / 45.31972; -83.55083 (Bear Island)
Brown Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°17′10″N 83°28′48″W / 45.28611°N 83.48000°W / 45.28611; -83.48000 (Brown Island)
Burnt Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°17′37″N 83°29′31″W / 45.29361°N 83.49194°W / 45.29361; -83.49194 (Burnt Island)
Cedar Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°17′36″N 83°28′59″W / 45.29333°N 83.48306°W / 45.29333; -83.48306 (Cedar Island)
Crescent Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°18′15″N 83°29′01″W / 45.30417°N 83.48361°W / 45.30417; -83.48361 (Crescent Island)
Grand Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°18′25″N 83°30′35″W / 45.30694°N 83.50972°W / 45.30694; -83.50972 (Grand Island)
Horseshoe Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°18′02″N 83°29′28″W / 45.30056°N 83.49111°W / 45.30056; -83.49111 (Horseshoe Island)
Indian Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°19′29″N 83°33′06″W / 45.32472°N 83.55167°W / 45.32472; -83.55167 (Indian Island)
Macombers Island	Krakow / Presque Isle	Presque Isle	45°19′04″N 83°31′12″W / 45.31778°N 83.52000°W / 45.31778; -83.52000 (Macombers Island)
Round Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°18′09″N 83°29′33″W / 45.30250°N 83.49250°W / 45.30250; -83.49250 (Round Island)
Tanglewood Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°17′54″N 83°29′23″W / 45.29833°N 83.48972°W / 45.29833; -83.48972 (Tanglewood Island)
Three Sisters Island	Presque Isle Township	Presque Isle	45°18′06″N 83°31′09″W / 45.30167°N 83.51917°W / 45.30167; -83.51917 (Three Sisters Island)

This article is about the U.S. state of Michigan. For other uses, see Michigan (disambiguation).

State of Michigan


Flag	Seal

Nickname(s): The Great Lakes State, The Wolverine State, The Mitten State, Water (Winter) Wonderland

Motto(s): Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice
(Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you)

Official language(s)

None (English, de-facto)

Demonym

Michigander, Michiganian or Yooper (in the Upper Peninsula)

Capital

Lansing

Largest city

Detroit

Largest metro area

Metro Detroit

Area

Ranked 11th in the U.S.

- Total

96,716 sq mi
(250,493 km²)

- Width

386^[1] miles (621 km)

- Length

456^[1] miles (734 km)

- % water

41.5

- Latitude

41° 41' N to 48° 18' N

- Longitude

82° 7' W to 90° 25' W

Population

Ranked 8th in the U.S.

- Total

9,876,187 (2011 est)^[2]

- Density

174/sq mi (67.1/km²)
Ranked 17th in the U.S.

- Median household income

$44,627 (21st)

Elevation

- Highest point

Mount Arvon^[3]^[4]
1,979 ft (603 m)

- Mean

900 ft (270 m)

- Lowest point

Lake Erie^[3]^[4]
571 ft (174 m)

Before statehood

Michigan Territory

Admission to Union

January 26, 1837 (26th)

Governor

Rick Snyder (R)

Lieutenant Governor

Brian Calley (R)

Legislature

Michigan Legislature

- Upper house

Senate

- Lower house

House of Representatives

U.S. Senators

Carl Levin (D)
Debbie Stabenow (D)

U.S. House delegation

9 Republicans
6 Democrats (list)

Time zones

- most of state

Eastern: UTC -5/-4

- 4 U.P. counties

Central: UTC -6/-5

Abbreviations

MI Mich. US-MI

Website

www.michigan.gov

Michigan State symbols
Animate insignia
Bird(s)	American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
Fish	Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Flower(s)	Apple blossom (Malus domestica) Wildflower: Dwarf Lake Iris (Iris lacustris)
Mammal(s)	Unofficial:Wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) Game animal: White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Reptile	Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)
Tree	Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Inanimate insignia
Fossil	Mastodon (Mammut americanum)
Gemstone	Isle Royale greenstone or Chlorastrolite
Rock	Petoskey stone
Soil	Kalkaska Sand
Song(s)	My Michigan website

Route marker(s)


State Quarter

Released in 2004

Lists of United States state insignia

Michigan (ⁱ/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake".^[1]^[5] Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.

Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair.^[6] Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating.^[7] The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds.^[8] A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline.^[9] It is the largest state by total area^[10] east of the Mississippi River.

Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.

History [link]

When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were Algonquian peoples, which include the Ottawa, the Ojibwe or Anishnabe (called Chippewa in French), and the Potawatomi. The Anishnabe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the largest.

The Anishnabe were established in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Michigan, and also inhabited northern Ontario, northern Wisconsin, southern Manitoba, and northern and north-central Minnesota. The Ottawa lived primarily south of the Straits of Mackinac in northern and western Michigan, while the Potawatomi were primarily in the southwest. The three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. Other tribes in Michigan, in the south and east, were the Mascouten, the Menominee, the Miami, and the Wyandot, who are better known by their French name, Huron.

17th century [link]

Père Marquette and the Indians (1869), Wilhelm Lamprecht

French voyageurs and coureurs des bois explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what later became Michigan were those of Étienne Brûlé's expedition in 1622. The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions.^[11] Missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at Saint Ignace and Marquette. Jesuit missionaries were well received by the Indian populations in the area, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph.

18th century [link]

Approximate area of Michigan highlighted in Guillaume de L'Isle's 1718 map.

In 1701, French explorer and army officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or "Fort Pontchartrain on-the-Strait" on the strait, known as the Detroit River, between lakes Saint Clair and Erie. Cadillac had convinced King Louis XIV's chief minister, Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Pontchartrain, that a permanent community there would strengthen French control over the upper Great Lakes and discourage British aspirations.

The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one arpent^[12]^[13] (about 0.85 acres (3,400 m²), the equivalent of just under 200 feet (61 m) per side) and named it Fort Pontchartrain. Cadillac's wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post. The Église de Saint-Anne (Church of Saint Ann) was founded the same year. While the original building does not survive, the congregation of that name continues to be active today. Cadillac later departed to serve as the French governor of Louisiana from 1710 to 1716.

At the same time, the French strengthened Fort Michilimackinac at the Straits of Mackinac to better control their lucrative fur-trading empire. By the mid-18th century, the French also occupied forts at present-day Niles and Sault Ste. Marie, though most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by Europeans.

From 1660 to the end of French rule, Michigan was part of the Royal Province of New France.^[14] In 1759, following the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in the French and Indian War (1754–1763), Québec City fell to British forces. This marked Britain's victory in the Seven Years War. Under the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Michigan and the rest of New France east of the Mississippi River passed to Great Britain.^[15]

During the American Revolutionary War, Detroit was an important British supply center. Most of the inhabitants were French-Canadians or Native Americans, many of whom had been allied with the French. Because of imprecise cartography and unclear language defining the boundaries in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the British retained control of Detroit and Michigan after the American Revolution. When Quebec split into Lower and Upper Canada in 1790, Michigan was part of Kent County, Upper Canada. It held its first democratic elections in August 1792 to send delegates to the new provincial parliament at Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake).^[16]

Under terms negotiated in the 1794 Jay Treaty, Britain withdrew from Detroit and Michilimackinac in 1796. Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and Drummond Island until 1818 and 1847, respectively.

19th century [link]

During the War of 1812, Michigan Territory (effectively consisting of Detroit and the surrounding area) was surrendered after a nearly bloodless siege in 1812. An attempt to retake Detroit resulted in a severe American defeat in the River Raisin Massacre. This battle is still the bloodiest ever fought in the state and had the highest number of American casualties of any battle in the war. Ultimately, Michigan was recaptured by Americans in 1813 after the Battle of Lake Erie. An invasion of Canada which culminated in the Battle of the Thames was then launched from Michigan. The more northern areas were held by the British until the peace treaty restored the old boundaries. A number of forts, including Fort Wayne were built in Michigan during the 19th century out of fears of renewed fighting with Britain.

Lumbering pines in the late 1800s

The population grew slowly until the opening in 1825 of the Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes and the Hudson River and New York City. The new route brought a large influx of settlers, who became farmers and merchants and shipped out grain, lumber, and iron ore. By the 1830s, Michigan had 80,000 residents, more than enough to apply and qualify for statehood. In October 1835 the people approved the Constitution of 1835, thereby forming a state government, although Congressional recognition was delayed pending resolution of a boundary dispute with Ohio known as the Toledo War. Congress awarded the "Toledo Strip" to Ohio. Michigan received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession and formally entered the Union on January 26, 1837. The Upper Peninsula proved to be a rich source of lumber, iron, and copper. Michigan led the nation in lumber production from the 1850s to the 1880s. Railroads became a major engine of growth from the 1850s onward, with Detroit the chief hub.

The first statewide meeting of the Republican Party took place July 6, 1854 in Jackson, Michigan, where the party adopted its platform. The state was heavily Republican until the 1930s. Michigan made a significant contribution to the Union in the American Civil War and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies.

Modernizers and boosters—especially Yankees set up systems for public education, including founding the University of Michigan (1817; moved to Ann Arbor in 1841), for a classical academic education; and Michigan State Normal School, (1849) now Eastern Michigan University, for the training of teachers. In 1899, it became the first normal college in the nation to offer a four-year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1855), now Michigan State University in East Lansing, was founded as the pioneer land-grant college, a model for those authorized under the Morrill Act (1862). Many other private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities formed high schools late in the century.^[17]

20th and 21st centuries [link]

Government [link]

File:71msc 1.jpg

Michigan State Capitol in Lansing

Michigan Supreme Court at the Hall of Justice

State government [link]

Main article: Government of Michigan

Michigan is governed as a republic, with three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Michigan and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the one court of justice. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification. Lansing is the state capital and is home to all three branches of state government.

The governor and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The current governor is Rick Snyder. Michigan has two official Governor's Residences; one is in Lansing, and the other is at Mackinac Island. The other constitutionally elected executive officers are the lieutenant governor, who is elected on a joint ticket with the governor, the secretary of state, and the attorney general. The lieutenant governor presides over the Senate, but only voting when ties occur, and is also a member of the cabinet. The secretary of state is the chief elections officer and is charged with running many licensure programs including motor vehicles, all of which are done through the branch offices of the secretary of state.

The Michigan Legislature consists of a 38-member Senate and 110-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four-year terms and representatives two. The Michigan State Capitol was dedicated in 1879 and has hosted the state's executive and legislative branches ever since.

Law [link]

The Michigan Court System consists of two courts with primary jurisdiction (the Circuit Courts and the District Courts), one intermediate level appellate court (the Michigan Court of Appeals), and the Michigan Supreme Court. There are several administrative courts and specialized courts. The Michigan Constitution provides for voter initiative and referendum (Article II, § 9,^[26] defined as "the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve or reject laws enacted by the legislature, called the referendum. The power of initiative extends only to laws which the legislature may enact under this constitution").

In 1846 Michigan became the first state in the Union, as well as the first English-speaking government in the world,^[27]^[28] to abolish the death penalty. Historian David Chardavoyne has suggested that the movement to abolish capital punishment in Michigan grew as a result of enmity toward the state's neighbor, Canada. Under British rule, it made public executions a regular practice.

Politics [link]

Michigan Governor Rick Snyder (R) (2011–present)

Voters in the state elect candidates from both major parties. Economic issues are important in Michigan elections. The three-term Republican Governor John Engler (1991–2003) preceded the former two-term Democratic Governor Jennifer Granholm (2003–2011). The state has elected successive Republican attorneys general twice since 2003. The Republican Party has won a majority in both the House and Senate of the current Michigan Legislature (2011–present). Michigan supported the election of Republican Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. The current Governor Rick Snyder (2011–present) is a Republican.

**Presidential elections results**^[29]
Year	Republicans	Democrats
2008	40.89% 2,048,639	57.33% 2,872,579
2004	47.81% 2,313,746	51.23% 2,479,183
2000	46.14% 1,953,139	51.28% 2,170,418
1996	38.48% 1,481,212	51.69% 1,989,653
1992	36.38% 1,554,940	43.77% 1,871,182
1988	53.57% 1,965,486	45.67% 1,675,783
1984	59.23% 2,251,571	40.24% 1,529,638
1980	48.99% 1,915,225	42.50% 1,661,532
1976	51.83% 1,893,742	46.44% 1,696,714
1972	56.20% 1,961,721	41.81% 1,459,435
1968	41.46% 1,370,665	48.18% 1,593,082
1964	33.10% 1,060,152	66.70% 2,136,615
1960	48.84% 1,620,428	50.85% 1,687,269

However, the state has supported Democrats in the last five presidential election cycles. In 2008, Barack Obama carried the state over John McCain, winning Michigan's 17 electoral votes with 57% of the vote. Democrats have won each of the last three, nine of the last ten, and 15 of the last 18 U.S. Senate elections in Michigan with confidence on national economic issues posing a challenge. Republican strength is greatest in the western, northern, and rural parts of the state, especially in the Grand Rapids area. Republicans also perform well in select areas of suburban Detroit, namely in affluent suburbs like the Grosse Pointe communities, Bloomfield Township, Northville Township, and Novi, as well as in communities with large upper middle-class populations like Rochester Hills. Democrats have performed strongest in urban parts of the state, in cities like Detroit, Ann Arbor, Flint, and Lansing; they have also performed strongly in areas of suburban Detroit, namely in inner, working-class suburbs like Lincoln Park and Eastpointe; African American-majority suburbs like Southfield, Oak Park, and River Rouge; and other suburbs like West Bloomfield Township and Farmington Hills, which both have large Jewish and African-American populations, and suburbs of the Woodward Corridor, like Royal Oak, Berkley, Ferndale, and Huntington Woods are heavily Democratic voting blocs. Other suburbs, like middle-class Sterling Heights, lower middle- to middle-class St. Clair Shores, and Allen Park, are politically competitive for members of both parties.^[30]

Metropolitan Detroit, with approximately one-half of the state's population, remains a substantial factor in affecting its elections and political culture more broadly. Overall, Wayne County, where Detroit is located, remains heavily Democratic and voted 74% for Barack Obama and 25% for John McCain. Oakland County, with a moderate political culture, has increasingly shifted towards support for Democratic presidential candidates, and Macomb County, once a bastion of support for Democratic New-Deal politics, has shifted towards becoming an intense political battleground.^[31]

Historically, the first county-level meeting of the Republican Party took place in Jackson on July 6, 1854,^[32] and the party thereafter dominated Michigan until the Great Depression. In the 1912 election, Michigan was one of the six states to support progressive Republican and third-party candidate Theodore Roosevelt for president after he lost the Republican nomination to William Howard Taft.

Michigan remained fairly reliably Republican at the presidential level for much of the 20th century. It was part of Greater New England, the northern tier of states settled chiefly by migrants from New England who carried their culture with them. The state was one of only a handful to back Wendell Willkie over Franklin Roosevelt in 1940, and supported Thomas E. Dewey in his losing bid against Harry S. Truman in 1948. Michigan went to the Democrats in presidential elections during the 1960s, and voted for Republican Richard Nixon in 1972.

Michigan was the home of Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States. He was born in Nebraska and moved as an infant to Grand Rapids and grew up there.^[33]^[34] The Gerald R. Ford Museum is located in Grand Rapids, and the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library is located on the campus of his alma mater, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

Michigan does not recognize or perform same-sex marriages or other unions involving same-sex couples under a 2004 state constitutional amendment.

Administrative divisions [link]

Main article: Administrative divisions of Michigan

State government is decentralized among three tiers – statewide, county and township. Counties are administrative divisions of the state, and townships are administrative divisions of a county. Both of them exercise state government authority, localized to meet the particular needs of their jurisdictions, as provided by state law. There are 83 counties in Michigan.

Cities, state universities, and villages are vested with home rule powers of varying degrees. Home rule cities can generally do anything that is not prohibited by law. The fifteen state universities have broad power and can do anything within the parameters of their status as educational institutions that is not prohibited by the state constitution. Villages, by contrast, have limited home rule and are not completely autonomous from the county and township in which they are located.

There are two types of township in Michigan: general law township and charter. Charter township status was created by the Legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream-lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city. As of April 2001, there were 127 charter townships in Michigan. In general, charter townships have many of the same powers as a city but without the same level of obligations. For example, a charter township can have its own fire department, water and sewer department, police department, and so on—just like a city—but it is not required to have those things, whereas cities must provide those services. Charter townships can opt to use county-wide services instead, such as deputies from the county sheriff's office instead of a home-based force of ordinance officers.

Geography [link]

Further information: Geography of Michigan, Protected areas of Michigan, and List of Michigan state parks

Marquette Park on Mackinac Island

Michigan consists of two peninsulas that lie between 82°30' to about 90°30' west longitude, and are separated by the Straits of Mackinac. The 45th parallel north runs through the state—marked by highway signs and the Polar-Equator Trail^[35]—along a line including Mission Point Light near Traverse City, the towns of Gaylord and Alpena in the Lower Peninsula and Menominee in the Upper Peninsula. With the exception of two small areas that are drained by the Mississippi River by way of the Wisconsin River in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the Kankakee-Illinois River in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan is drained by the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence watershed and is the only state with the majority of its land thus drained.

Aerial view of Sleeping Bear Dunes.

The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. It has more lighthouses than any other state. The state is bounded on the south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, sharing land and water boundaries with both. Michigan's western boundaries are almost entirely water boundaries, from south to north, with Illinois and Wisconsin in Lake Michigan; then a land boundary with Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula, that is principally demarcated by the Menominee and Montreal Rivers; then water boundaries again, in Lake Superior, with Wisconsin and Minnesota to the west, capped around by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east.

Tahquamenon Falls in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan

The heavily forested Upper Peninsula is relatively mountainous in the west. The Porcupine Mountains, which are part of one of the oldest mountain chains in the world,^[36] rise to an altitude of almost 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level and form the watershed between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point, in the Huron Mountains northwest of Marquette, is Mount Arvon at 1,979 feet (603 m). The peninsula is as large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined but has fewer than 330,000 inhabitants. They are sometimes called "Yoopers" (from "U.P.'ers"), and their speech (the "Yooper dialect") has been heavily influenced by the numerous Scandinavian and Canadian immigrants who settled the area during the lumbering and mining boom of the late 19th century.

The Pointe Mouillee State Game Area

The Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten and many residents hold up a hand to depict where they are from.^[37] It is 277 miles (446 km) long from north to south and 195 miles (314 km) from east to west and occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken by conical hills and glacial moraines usually not more than a few hundred feet tall. It is divided by a low water divide running north and south. The larger portion of the state is on the west of this and gradually slopes toward Lake Michigan. The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet (520 m), or one of several points nearby in the vicinity of Cadillac. The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m).

The geographic orientation of Michigan's peninsulas makes for a long distance between the ends of the state. Ironwood, in the far western Upper Peninsula, lies 630 highway miles (1,015 km) from Lambertville in the Lower Peninsula's southeastern corner. The geographic isolation of the Upper Peninsula from Michigan's political and population centers makes the U.P. culturally and economically distinct. Occasionally U.P. residents have called for secession from Michigan and establishment as a new state to be called "Superior".

A feature of Michigan that gives it the distinct shape of a mitten is the Thumb. This peninsula projects out into Lake Huron and the Saginaw Bay. The geography of the Thumb is mainly flat with a few rolling hills. Other peninsulas of Michigan include the Keweenaw Peninsula, making up the Copper Country region of the state. The Leelanau Peninsula lies in the Northern Lower Michigan region. See Also Michigan Regions

Little Sable Point Light south of Pentwater, Michigan.

Numerous lakes and marshes mark both peninsulas, and the coast is much indented. Keweenaw Bay, Whitefish Bay, and the Big and Little Bays De Noc are the principal indentations on the Upper Peninsula. The Grand and Little Traverse, Thunder, and Saginaw bays indent the Lower Peninsula. Michigan has the second longest shoreline of any state—3,288 miles (5,292 km),^[38] including 1,056 miles (1,699 km) of island shoreline.^[39]

Michigan map, including territorial waters

The state has numerous large islands, the principal ones being the North Manitou and South Manitou, Beaver, and Fox groups in Lake Michigan; Isle Royale and Grande Isle in Lake Superior; Marquette, Bois Blanc, and Mackinac islands in Lake Huron; and Neebish, Sugar, and Drummond islands in St. Mary's River. Michigan has about 150 lighthouses, the most of any U.S. state. The first lighthouses in Michigan were built between 1818 and 1822. They were built to project light at night and to serve as a landmark during the day to safely guide the passenger ships and freighters traveling the Great Lakes. See Lighthouses in the United States.

The state's rivers are generally small, short and shallow, and few are navigable. The principal ones include the Detroit River, St. Marys River, and St. Clair River which connect the Great Lakes; the Au Sable, Cheboygan, and Saginaw, which flow into Lake Huron; the Ontonagon, and Tahquamenon, which flow into Lake Superior; and the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, Muskegon, Manistee, and Escanaba, which flow into Lake Michigan. The state has 11,037 inland lakes (totaling 1,305 square miles (3,380 km²) of inland water) in addition to 38,575 square miles (99,910 km²) of Great Lakes waters. No point in Michigan is more than six miles (10 km) from an inland lake or more than 85 miles (137 km) from one of the Great Lakes.^[40]

The state is home to a number of areas maintained by the National Park Service including: Isle Royale National Park, located in Lake Superior, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Other national protected areas in the state include: Keweenaw National Historical Park, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Huron National Forest, Manistee National Forest, Hiawatha National Forest, Ottawa National Forest and Father Marquette National Memorial. The largest section of the North Country National Scenic Trail passes through Michigan.

With 78 state parks, 19 state recreation areas, and 6 state forests, Michigan has the largest state park and state forest system of any state. These parks and forests include Holland State Park, Mackinac Island State Park, Au Sable State Forest, and Mackinaw State Forest.

Adjacent states and provinces [link]

Minnesota	Ontario	Ontario
Wisconsin		Ontario
	Michigan East

Illinois & Indiana	Indiana & Ohio	Ohio & Ontario

Climate [link]

Detroit, MI

Climate chart (explanation)

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
1.9 31 18	1.9 34 20	2.5 45 29	3.1 58 38	3.1 70 49	3.6 79 59	3.2 83 64	3.1 81 62	3.3 74 54	2.2 61 43	2.7 48 34	2.5 36 23
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Detroit Climate

Metric conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
49 -1 -8	48 1 -7	64 7 -2	77 14 3	77 21 9	90 26 15	80 28 18	79 27 17	83 23 12	57 16 6	68 9 1	64 2 -5
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Lansing, MI

Climate chart (explanation)

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
1.6 29 14	1.5 33 15	2.3 44 24	3.1 57 35	2.7 69 45	3.6 78 54	2.7 82 58	3.5 80 57	3.5 72 49	2.3 60 39	2.7 46 30	2.2 34 20
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Lansing Climate

Metric conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
41 -2 -10	37 1 -9	59 7 -4	78 14 2	69 21 7	91 26 12	68 28 14	88 27 14	88 22 9	58 16 4	68 8 -1	55 1 -7
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Marquette, MI

Climate chart (explanation)

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
2.6 20 3	1.9 24 5	3.1 33 14	2.8 46 27	3.1 62 39	3.2 70 48	3 75 54	3.6 73 52	3.7 63 44	3.7 51 34	3.3 35 22	2.4 24 10
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Marquette Climate

Metric conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
66 -7 -16	47 -4 -15	80 1 -10	71 8 -3	78 17 4	82 21 9	76 24 12	90 23 11	95 17 7	93 11 1	83 2 -6	62 -4 -12
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Michigan USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map.

Michigan has a continental climate, although there are two distinct regions. The southern and central parts of the Lower Peninsula (south of Saginaw Bay and from the Grand Rapids area southward) have a warmer climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters. The northern part of Lower Peninsula and the entire Upper Peninsula has a more severe climate (Koppen Dfb), with warm, but shorter summers and longer, cold to very cold winters. Some parts of the state average high temperatures below freezing from December through February, and into early March in the far northern parts. During the winter through the middle of February the state is frequently subjected to heavy lake-effect snow. The state averages from 30–40 inches (76–100 cm) of precipitation annually, however some areas in the northern lower peninsula and the upper peninsula average almost 160" of snowfall per year.^[41] Michigan's highest recorded temperature is 112 °F (44 °C) at Mio on July 13, 1936 and the coldest recorded temperature is −51 °F (−46 °C) at Vanderbilt on February 9, 1934.^[42]

The entire state averages 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. These can be severe, especially in the southern part of the state. The state averages 17 tornadoes per year, which are more common in the extreme southern portion of the state. Portions of the southern border have been nearly as vulnerable historically as parts of Tornado Alley. For this reason, many communities in the very southern portions of the state are equipped with tornado sirens to warn residents of approaching tornadoes. Farther north, in the Upper Peninsula, tornadoes are rare.^[43]

City	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Other Michigan Cities in °F(°C)
Flint	29/13 (−2/−11)	32/15 (0/−9)	43/24 (6/−4)	56/35 (13/2)	69/45 (21/7)	78/55 (26/13)	82/59 (28/15)	80/57 (27/14)	72/49 (22/9)	60/39 (16/4)	46/30 (8/−1)	34/19 (1/−7)
Grand Rapids	29/16 (−2/−9)	33/17 (1/−8)	43/26 (6/−3)	57/36 (14/2)	70/47 (21/8)	78/56 (26/13)	82/60 (28/16)	80/59 (27/15)	72/51 (22/11)	60/40 (11/4)	46/31 (8/−1)	34/21 (1/−6)
Muskegon	30/17 (−1/−8)	32/18 (0/−8)	42/25 (6/−4)	55/35 (13/2)	67/45 (19/7)	76/54 (24/12)	80/60 (27/16)	78/59 (26/15)	70/51 (21/11)	59/41 (15/5)	46/32 (8/0)	35/23 (2/−5)
Sault Ste. Marie	22/5 (−6/−15)	24/7 (−4/−14)	34/16 (1/−9)	48/29 (9/−2)	63/39 (17/4)	71/46 (22/7)	76/52 (24/11)	74/52 (23/11)	65/45 (18/7)	53/36 (12/2)	39/26 (12/−3)	27/13 (−3/−11)
[3]^{[dead link]}

Geology [link]

The geological formation of the state is greatly varied. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface of the Upper Peninsula (being principally of primitive origin), while Secondary deposits cover the entire Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower Silurian sandstones, limestones, copper and iron bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of Canada. The central portion of the Lower Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the Permo-Carboniferous period. Devonian and sub-Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state.

Demographics [link]

Michigan population distribution

Map showing the largest ancestry group in each county (2008)

Historical populations
Census	Pop.	%±
1800	3,757	—
1810	4,762	26.8%
1820	7,452	56.5%
1830	28,004	275.8%
1840	212,267	658.0%
1850	397,654	87.3%
1860	749,113	88.4%
1870	1,184,059	58.1%
1880	1,636,937	38.2%
1890	2,093,890	27.9%
1900	2,420,982	15.6%
1910	2,810,173	16.1%
1920	3,668,412	30.5%
1930	4,842,325	32.0%
1940	5,256,106	8.5%
1950	6,371,766	21.2%
1960	7,823,194	22.8%
1970	8,875,083	13.4%
1980	9,262,078	4.4%
1990	9,295,297	0.4%
2000	9,938,444	6.9%
2010	9,883,640	−0.6%
Source: 1910–2010^[44]

Population [link]

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Michigan was 9,876,187 on July 1, 2011, a -0.08% decrease since the 2010 United States Census.^[2]

The center of population of Michigan is located in Shiawassee County, in the southeastern corner of the civil township of Bennington, which is located northwest of the village of Morrice.^[45]

As of the 2010 American Community Survey for the U.S. Census, the state had a foreign-born population of 592,212, or 6.0% of the total. Michigan has the largest Dutch, Finnish, and Macedonian populations in the United States.

The 2010 Census reported:

White: 78.9% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 76.6%)
Black or African American: 14.2%
American Indian: 0.6%
Asian: 2.4%
Pacific Islander: <0.1%
Some other race: 1.5%
Multiracial: 2.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 4.4%

The ten largest reported ancestries in Michigan are:^[46]

German (22.3%)
Irish (11.9%)
English (10.1%)
Polish (9.0%)
French or French Canadian (6.7%)
Dutch (5.1%)
Italian (4.7%)
American (4.6%)
Scottish (2.4%)
Swedish (1.7%)

The large majority of Michigan's population is Caucasian. Americans of European descent live throughout Michigan and most of Metro Detroit. Large European American groups include those of German, Irish, French, Belgian and British ancestry. People of Scandinavian descent, especially those of Finnish ancestry, have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula. Western Michigan is known for the Dutch heritage of many residents (the highest concentration of any state), especially in metropolitan Grand Rapids.

About 300,000 people trace their descent from the Middle East.^[47] Dearborn has a sizeable Arab community, with many Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac, and Lebanese who immigrated for jobs in the auto industry in the 1920s along with more recent Yemenis and Iraqis.^[48] African Americans, who came to Detroit and other northern cities in the Great Migration of the early 20th century, form a majority of the population of the city of Detroit and of other cities, including Flint and Benton Harbor.

An individual from Michigan is called a "Michigander" or "Michiganian".^[49] Also at times, but rarely, a "Michiganite".^[50] Residents of the Upper Peninsula are sometimes referred to as "Yoopers" (a phonetic pronunciation of "U.P.ers"), and Upper Peninsula residents sometimes refer to those from the lower as "trolls" (they live below the bridge).^[51]

Religion [link]

The Catholic Church has six dioceses and one archdiocese in Michigan, the Diocese of Gaylord, Diocese of Grand Rapids, Diocese of Kalamazoo, Diocese of Lansing, Diocese of Marquette, Diocese of Saginaw and Archdiocese of Detroit.^[52] The Catholic Church is the largest denomination by number of adherents, according to a survey in the year 2000, with 2,019,926 parishioners.^[53] The Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religion in Michigan until the 19th century, reflecting the territory's French colonial roots. Detroit's St. Anne's parish, established in 1701, by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac is the second-oldest Catholic parish in the country.^[54] On March 8, 1833, the Holy See formally established a diocese in the Michigan territory, which included all of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas east of the Mississippi River. When Michigan became a state in 1837, the boundary of the Diocese of Detroit was redrawn to coincide with that of the State.^[55]

The largest Protestant denominations were the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 244,231 adherents; followed by the United Methodist Church with 222,269; and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 160,836 adherents. In the same survey, Jewish adherents in the state of Michigan were estimated at 110,000, and Muslims at 80,515.^[56] The Lutheran Church was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants; Lutheranism is the second largest religious denomination in the state. The first Jewish synagogue in the state was Temple Beth El, founded by twelve German Jewish families in Detroit in 1850.^[57] In West Michigan, Dutch immigrants fled from the specter of religious persecution and famine in the Netherlands around 1850 and settled in and around what is now Holland, Michigan, establishing a "colony" on American soil that fervently held onto Calvinist doctrine that established a significant presence of Reformed churches.^[58] Islam was introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century.^[59]

Economy [link]

File:2007 Ford Shelby GT500 Detroit.jpg

Michigan is the center of the American automotive industry. Pictured is the Ford Shelby GT500 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The GT500 is manufactured in Ford's Flat Rock, Michigan assembly plant.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Michigan's 2010 gross state product at $384.1 B.^[60] In November 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 9.8%.^[61]^[62]

Top publicly traded companies in Michigan according to revenues with State and U.S. rankings
State	Corporation	US
1	General Motors	6
2	Ford	7
3	Dow	38
4	Delphi	121
5	Whirlpool	133
6	Ally	147
7	TRW Automotive	169
8	Lear	195
9	Kellogg	210
10	Penske Automotive	225
11	Masco	277
12	Visteon	282
13	DTE Energy	285
14	Arvin Meritor	346
15	CMS Energy	369
16	Stryker	375
17	Autoliv	376
18	Pulte Homes	393
19	Kelly Services	437
20	BorgWarner	453
21	Auto-Owners	476
22	Steelcase	625
23	Spartan Stores	751
24	Cooper Standard	814
25	Valassis	809
26	Universal Forest	837
27	Affinia Group	853
28	Hayes-Lemmerz	856
29	American Axle	874
30	Herman Miller	897
31	Perrigo	897
Further information: List of Michigan companies Source: Fortune 2009^[63]

Some of the major industries/products/services include automobiles, cereal products, pizza, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, copper, iron, and furniture. Michigan is the third leading grower of Christmas trees with 60,520 acres (245 km²) of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming.^[64]^[65] The beverage Vernors was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with Hires Root Beer. Faygo was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: Domino's Pizza by Tom Monaghan and Little Caesars Pizza by Mike Ilitch.

Since 2009, GM, Ford, and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the September 11 attacks and early 2000s recession impacted their respective U.S. pension and benefit funds (OPEB).^[66]^[67] General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the United Auto Workers Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA). Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,^[68] but the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the economic crisis of 2008 impacting industry revenues. In 2009, GM and Chrysler emerged from Chapter 11 restructurings with financing provided in part by the U.S. and Canandian governments.^[69]^[70] GM began its initial public offering (IPO) of stock in 2010.^[71] For 2010, the Big Three domestic automakers have reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.^[72]^[73]^[74]^[75]

Michigan ranks fourth in the U.S. in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.^[76] Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research & development (R&D) expenditures in the United States.^[21]^[22] Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.^[77] The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.^[78]

Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for new corporate facilities and expansions. From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments;^[19]^[79] however, the effects of the late 2000s recession have slowed the state's economy. In 2008, Michigan placed third in a site selection survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population.^[80] In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.^[81] From 2007 to 2009, Michigan ranked 3rd in the U.S. for new corporate facilities and expansions.^[82]^[83]

As leading research institutions, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University,and Wayne State University are important partners in the state's economy and the state's University Research Corridor.^[23] Michigan's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year.^[24] The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is located at Michigan State University. Michigan's workforce is well-educated and highly skilled, making it attractive to companies. It has the third highest number of engineering graduates nationally.^[84]

Detroit Metropolitan Airport is one of the nation's most recently expanded and modernized airports with six major runways, and large aircraft maintenance facilities capable of servicing and repairing a Boeing 747 and is a major hub for Delta Air Lines. Michigan's schools and colleges rank among the nation's best. The state has maintained its early commitment to public education. The state's infrastructure gives it a competitive edge; Michigan has 38 deep water ports.^[85] In 2007, Bank of America announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan following its acquisition of LaSalle Bank in Troy.^[86]

Michigan led the nation in job creation improvement in 2010.^[87]

Taxation [link]

Michigan's personal income tax is set to a flat rate of 4.35%. Some cities impose additional income taxes. Michigan's state sales tax is 6%. Property taxes are assessed on the local level, but every property owner's local assessment contributes six mills (six dollars per thousand dollars of property value) to the statutory State Education Tax. In 2011, the State repealed the Michigan Business Tax and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduces taxes on business.^[88]^[89]

Agriculture [link]

Michigan is the leading U.S. producer of tart cherries, blueberries, pickling cucumbers, red beans and petunias.

A wide variety of commodity crops, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Michigan, making it second only to California among U.S. states in the diversity of its agriculture.^[90] The state has 55,000 farms utilizing 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km²) of land which sold $6.6 billion worth of products in 2008.^[91] The most valuable agricultural product is milk. Leading crops include corn, soybeans, flowers, wheat, sugar beets and potatoes. Livestock in the state included 1 million cattle, 1 million hogs, 78,000 sheep and over 3 million chickens. Livestock products accounted for 38% of the value of agricultural products while crops accounted for the majority.

Michigan is a leading grower of fruit in the U.S., including blueberries, cherries, apples, grapes, and peaches.^[25]^[92] Plums, pears, and strawberries are also grown. These fruits are mainly grown in West Michigan due to the moderating effect of Lake Michigan on the climate. There is also significant fruit production, especially cherries, but also grapes, apples, and other fruits, in Northwest Michigan along Lake Michigan. Michigan produces wines, beers and a multitude of processed food products. Kellogg's cereal is based in Battle Creek, Michigan and processes many locally grown foods. Thornapple Valley, Ball Park Franks, Koegel Meat Company, and Hebrew National sausage companies are all based in Michigan.

Michigan is home to very fertile land in the Flint/Tri-Cities and "Thumb" areas. Products grown there include corn, sugar beets, navy beans, and soy beans. Sugar beet harvesting usually begins the first of October. It takes the sugar factories about five months to process the 3.7 million tons of sugarbeets into 970 million pounds of pure, white sugar.^[93] Michigan's largest sugar refiner, Michigan Sugar Company^[94] is the largest east of the Mississippi River and the fourth largest in the nation. Michigan Sugar brand names are Pioneer Sugar and the newly incorporated Big Chief Sugar. Potatoes are grown in Northern Michigan, and corn is dominant in Central Michigan. Alfalfa, cucumbers, and asparagus are also grown.

Tourism [link]

Michigan's tourists spend $17.2 billion per year in the state, supporting 193,000 tourism jobs.^[82] Michigan's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation.^[95] Destinations draw vacationers, hunters, and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada. Michigan is fifty percent forest land, much of it quite remote. The forests, lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions. Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the Tulip Time Festival and the National Cherry Festival.

The Grand Hotel on Mackinac Island is a classic image of Michigan tourism.

In 2006, the Michigan State Board of Education mandated that all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after the Labor Day holiday, in accordance with the new Post Labor Day School law. A survey found that 70% of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents, and the Michigan Hotel, Motel, & Resort Association claimed that the shorter summer in between school years cut into the annual tourism season in the state.^[96]

Tourism in metropolitan Detroit draws visitors to leading attractions, especially The Henry Ford, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the Detroit Zoo, and to sports in Detroit. Other museums include the Detroit Historical Museum, the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, museums in the Cranbrook Educational Community, and the Arab American National Museum. The metro area offers four major casinos, MGM Grand Detroit, Greektown, Motor City, and Caesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; moreover, Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resorts.^[97]

Hunting and fishing are significant industries in the state. Charter boats are based in many Great Lakes cities to fish for salmon, trout, walleye and perch. Michigan ranks first in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2 billion annually to its economy. Over three-quarters of a million hunters participate in white-tailed deer season alone. Many school districts in rural areas of Michigan cancel school on the opening day of firearm deer season, because of attendance concerns.

Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12 billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to the state's economy. Public hiking and hunting access has also been secured in extensive commercial forests. The state has the highest number of golf courses and registered snowmobiles in the nation.^[98]

The state has numerous historical markers, which can themselves become the center of a tour.^[99] The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.^[100]

With its position in relation to the Great Lakes and the countless ships that have foundered over the many years in which they have been used as a transport route for people and bulk cargo, Michigan is a world-class scuba diving destination. The Michigan Underwater Preserves are 11 underwater areas where wrecks are protected for the benefit of sport divers.

Transportation [link]

Mackinac Bridge

Michigan has nine international crossings with Ontario, Canada:

Ambassador Bridge, North America's busiest international border crossing the Detroit River
Blue Water Bridge, a twin-span bridge (Port Huron, Michigan and Point Edward, Ontario, but the larger city of Sarnia, Ontario is usually referred to on the Canadian side)
Blue Water Ferry (Marine City, Michigan and Sombra, Ontario)
Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel
Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry (Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario)
Detroit–Windsor Tunnel
International Bridge (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario)
St. Clair River Railway Tunnel (Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario)
Walpole Island Ferry (Algonac, Michigan and Walpole Island First Nation, Ontario)

A second international bridge is currently under consideration between Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario.^[101]

Railroads [link]

Michigan is served by four Class I railroads: the Canadian National Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX Transportation, and the Norfolk Southern Railway. These are augmented by several dozen short line railroads. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to freight, with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.^[102]

Main article: Michigan Services

Amtrak passenger rail services the state, connecting many southern and western Michigan cities to Chicago, Illinois. There are plans for commuter rail for Detroit and its suburbs (see SEMCOG Commuter Rail).^[103]^[104]^[105]

Roadways [link]

Welcome sign.

Interstate 75 (I-75) is the main thoroughfare between Detroit, Flint, and Saginaw extending north to Sault Sainte Marie and providing access to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The freeway crosses the Mackinac Bridge between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Branching highways include I-275 and I-375 in Detroit; I-475 in Flint; and I-675 in Saginaw.

I-69 enters the state near the Michigan–Ohio–Indiana border, and it extends to Port Huron and provides access to the Blue Water Bridge crossing into Sarnia, Ontario.

I-94 enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. I-194 branches off from this freeway in Battle Creek. I-94 is the main artery between Chicago and Detroit.

I-96 runs east–west between Detroit and Muskegon. I-496 loops through Lansing. I-196 branches off from this freeway at Grand Rapids and connects to I-94 near Benton Harbor. I-696 branches off from this freeway at Novi and connects to I-94 near St Clair Shores.

U.S. Highway 2 (US 2) enters Michigan at the city of Ironwood and runs east to the town of Crystal Falls, where it turns south and briefly re-enters Wisconsin northwest of Florence. It re-enters Michigan north of Iron Mountain and continues through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the cities of Escanaba, Manistique, and St. Ignace. Along the way, it cuts through the Ottawa and Hiawatha national forests and follows the northern shore of Lake Michigan. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 on I-75, just north of the Mackinac Bridge.

Airports [link]

Important cities and townships [link]

The Detroit skyline along the Detroit River.

The Grand Rapids skyline centered on the Grand River.

A Lansing sunset

Downtown Flint as seen from the Flint River.

The Ann Arbor skyline as seen from Michigan Stadium.

Further information: List of cities, villages, and townships in Michigan

The largest municipalities in Michigan are (according to 2010 Census):

Rank	City	Population	Image
1	Detroit	713,777	Map showing largest Michigan municipalities.
2	Grand Rapids	188,040
3	Warren	134,056
4	Sterling Heights	129,699
5	Lansing	114,297
6	Ann Arbor	113,934
7	Flint	102,434
8	Dearborn	98,153
9	Livonia	96,942
10	Clinton Township	96,796

Other important cities include:

Battle Creek ("Cereal City U.S.A.", world headquarters of Kellogg Company)
Benton Harbor / St. Joseph (headquarters of Whirlpool Corporation)
East Lansing (home of Michigan State University)
Holland (home of Tulip Time, the largest tulip festival in the U.S.)
Jackson (headquarters of CMS Energy)
Kalamazoo (Largest city in southwest Michigan and home to Western Michigan University)
Manistee (home to the world's largest salt plant, owned by Morton Salt)
Marquette (largest city in the Upper Peninsula with 19,661 people and home of Northern Michigan University)
Midland (headquarters of the Dow Chemical Company and the Dow Corning Corporation)
Pontiac (major automobile manufacturing center, and home of the Pontiac Silverdome)
Saginaw (the largest of the Tri-Cities, which also consist of Bay City and Midland, and home to Saginaw Valley State University)
Sault Ste. Marie (home of the Soo Locks and Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge)
Traverse City ("Cherry Capital of the World", making Michigan the country's largest producer of cherries)

Half of the wealthiest communities in the state are located in Oakland County, just north of Detroit. Another wealthy community is located just east of the city, in Grosse Pointe. Only three of these cities are located outside of Metro Detroit. The city of Detroit itself, with a per capita income of $14,717, ranks 517th on the list of Michigan locations by per capita income. Benton Harbor is the poorest city in Michigan, with a per capita income of $8,965, while Barton Hills is the richest with a per capita income of $110,683.

Education [link]

Michigan's education system provides services to 1.6 million K-12 students in public schools. More than 124,000 students attend private schools and an uncounted number are home-schooled under certain legal requirements.^[107]^[108] The public school system has a $14.5 billion budget in 2008–2009.^[109] Michigan has a number of public universities spread throughout the state and numerous private colleges as well. Michigan State University has one of the largest enrollments of any U.S. school. Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University are the three major research institutions in the state.^[110]

Professional sports [link]

Main article: List of Michigan professional sports teams

Michigan's major-league sports teams include: Detroit Tigers baseball team, Detroit Lions football team, Detroit Red Wings ice hockey team, and the Detroit Pistons men's basketball team. All of Michigan's major league teams play in the Metro Detroit area.

The Pistons played at Detroit's Cobo Arena until 1978 and at the Pontiac Silverdome until 1988 when they moved into The Palace of Auburn Hills. The Detroit Lions played at Tiger Stadium in Detroit until 1974, then moved to the Pontiac Silverdome where they played for 27 years between 1975–2002 before moving to Ford Field in Detroit in 2002. The Detroit Tigers played at Tiger Stadium (formerly known as Navin Field and Briggs Stadium) from 1912 to 1999. In 2000 they moved to Comerica Park. The Red Wings played at Olympia Stadium before moving to Joe Louis Arena in 1979.

Thirteen-time Grand Slam champion Serena Williams was born in Saginaw. The Michigan International Speedway is the site of NASCAR races and Detroit was formerly the site of a Formula One World Championship Grand Prix race. From 1959 to 1961, Detroit Dragway hosted the NHRA's U.S. Nationals.^[111] Michigan is home to one of the major canoeing marathons: the 120-mile (190 km) Au Sable River Canoe Marathon. The Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race is also a favorite. Professional hockey got its start in Houghton, when the Portage Lakers were formed.

State symbols and nicknames [link]

Michigan is, by tradition, known as "The Wolverine State," and the University of Michigan takes the wolverine as its mascot. The association is well and long established: for example, many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War and George Armstrong Custer, who led the Michigan Brigade, called them the "Wolverines". The origins of this association are obscure; it may derive from a busy trade in wolverine furs in Sault Ste. Marie in the 18th century or may recall a disparagement intended to compare early settlers in Michigan with the vicious mammal. Wolverines are, however, extremely rare in Michigan. A sighting in February 2004 near Ubly was the first confirmed sighting in Michigan in 200 years.^[112] The animal was found dead in 2010.^[113]

State nicknames: Wolverine State, Great Lakes State, Mitten State, Water-Winter Wonderland
State motto: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you) adopted in 1835 on the coat-of-arms, but never as an official 'motto'. This is a paraphrase of the epitaph of British architect Sir Christopher Wren about his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral.^[114]^[115]
State song: My Michigan (official since 1937, but disputed amongst residents),^[116] Michigan, My Michigan (Unofficial State Song, since the civil war)

Dwarf Lake Iris

State bird: American Robin (since 1931)
State animal: Wolverine (traditional)
State game animal: White-tailed deer (since 1997)
State fish: Brook trout (since 1965)
State reptile: Painted Turtle (since 1995)
State fossil: Mastodon (since 2000)
State flower: Apple blossom (adopted in 1897, official in 1997)
State wildflower: Dwarf Lake Iris (since 1998). Known as Iris lacustris, it is a federally listed threatened species.
State tree: White pine (since 1955)
State stone: Petoskey stone (since 1965). It is composed of fossilized coral (Hexagonaria pericarnata) from long ago when the middle of the continent was covered with a shallow sea.
State gem: Isle Royale greenstone (since 1973). Also called chlorastrolite (literally "green star stone"), the mineral is found on Isle Royale and the Keweenaw peninsula.
State Quarter: U.S. coin issued in 2004 with the Michigan motto "Great Lakes State."
State soil: Kalkaska Sand (since 1990), ranges in color from black to yellowish brown, covers nearly 1,000,000-acre (4,000 km²) in 29 counties.

Sister states [link]

References [link]

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^ Luke, Peter (May 25, 2011).Gov. Rick Snyder signs Michigan business/income tax overhaul into law.MLIVE. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
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^ Commuter rail plan to Detroit gets a push: Amtrak from Ann Arbor, January 22, 2007, Kathleen Gray, Detroit Free Press, via Internet Archive
^ "Commuter rail service facts". http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm. ^{[dead link]}
^ Commuter rail line will have stop in Ypsilanti, John Mulcahy, The Ann Arbor News, March 10, 2009
^ Airports Council International 2010 Final Airport Traffic Report^{[dead link]}
^ Number of Non Public Schools in Michigan, Michigan Department of Education, 2010
^ Number of Public Schools in Michigan, Michigan Department of Education, 2010
^ 2008–2009 BULLETIN 1011 Analysis of Michigan Public School Districts Revenues and Expenditures, Michigan Department of Education, 2009
^ "The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (RU/VH: Research Universities (very high research activity))". The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 2010. http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/srp.php?clq=%7B%22basic2005_ids%22%3A%2215%22%7D&start_page=standard.php&backurl=standard.php&limit=0,50. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
^ "50th Anniversary Mac Tools U.S. Nationals: History". 50th-usnationals.com. http://www.50th-usnationals.com/apcm/templates/50th_history.asp?articleid=802&zoneid=52. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
^ Runk, David (25 February 2004). "First Michigan wolverine spotted in 200 years". Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4374309/. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
^ Bell, Dawson (2010-03-15). "Only known wolverine in the Michigan wild dies". Detroit Free Press. http://www.freep.com/article/20100315/NEWS06/100315027/1318/Only-wolverine-in-Mich.-wild-dies. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Michigan state motto, at least on its coat of arms". http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/mi_motto.htm.
^ "Law enacting State Court of Arms". http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(1vf2tp45f2zrc43menveha55))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-2-22&queryid=21357829&highlight=state%20AND%20motto.
^ "Michigan's State Songs". http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160--54116--,00.html.
^ "Birmingham Sister City Program". http://www.ci.birmingham.mi.us/home/index.asp?page=419. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Briefing on Sichuan International Sister Cities Cooperation and Development Week 2005". http://www.scfao.gov.cn/2005/2.html. ^{[dead link]}

External links [link]

Look up Michigan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Michigan

Geographic data related to Michigan at OpenStreetMap

Upper Michigan	Canada Ontario
Lake Michigan		Lake Huron
	Michigan: Outline • Index East

Illinois	Indiana • Ohio	Lake Erie

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The Great Lakes State, The Wolverine State

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Preceded by Arkansas	List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on January 26, 1837 (26th)	Succeeded by Florida

Coordinates: 44°20′N 85°35′W / 44.34°N 85.58°W / 44.34; -85.58

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan

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This article is about the island in Michigan. For the city of the same name, see Mackinac Island, Michigan. For the state park, see Mackinac Island State Park.

Mackinac
Native name: Michilimackinac
Topographic map of Mackinac island
Mackinac Island Mackinac Island (Michigan)
Geography
Location	Lake Huron
Coordinates	45°51′40″N 84°37′50″W / 45.86111°N 84.63056°W / 45.86111; -84.63056Coordinates: 45°51′40″N 84°37′50″W / 45.86111°N 84.63056°W / 45.86111; -84.63056
Total islands	Three
Major islands	Mackinac, Bois Blanc, Round
Area	3.776 sq mi (9.78 km²)
Coastline	8 mi (13 km)
Highest elevation	890 ft (271 m)
Highest point	Fort Holmes
Country
United States
State	Michigan
Largest city	Mackinac Island (pop. 492)
County	Mackinac County
Demographics
Population	492 residents and as many as 15,000 tourists per day during peak season (as of 2010)
Density	50.31 /km² (130.3 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups
Mackinac Island
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Michigan State Historic Site

Cyclists on M-185 (Main Street) at mile marker 0 in downtown Mackinac Island
Location:	Mackinac Island, Michigan
Governing body:	State
NRHP Reference#:	66000397^[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP:	October 15, 1966
Designated NHLD:	October 9, 1960^[3]
Designated MSHS:	July 19, 1956^[2]

Mackinac Island ( /ˈmækɨnɔː/ MAK-in-aw) is an island and resort area covering 3.8 square miles (9.8 km²) in land area, part of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Lake Huron, at the eastern end of the Straits of Mackinac, between the state's Upper and Lower Peninsulas.^[4] The island was home to a Native American settlement before European exploration began in the 17th century. It served a strategic position amidst the commerce of the Great Lakes fur trade. This led to the establishment of Fort Mackinac on the island by the British during the American Revolutionary War. It was the scene of two battles during the War of 1812.^[5]

In the late 19th century, Mackinac Island became a popular tourist attraction and summer colony. Much of the island has undergone extensive historical preservation and restoration; as a result, the entire island is listed as a National Historic Landmark. It is well known for its numerous cultural events; its wide variety of architectural styles, including the famous Victorian Grand Hotel; its fudge; and its ban on almost all motor vehicles. More than 80 percent of the island is preserved as Mackinac Island State Park.^[6]

1 Description
2 History
- 2.1 Etymology
3 Geography
- 3.1 Nature
4 Culture
5 Notable people
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Description [link]

An Arnold Line high-speed catamaran used to transport people to and from the island

Mackinac Island is about 8 miles (13 km) in circumference and 3.8 square miles (9.8 km²) in total area.^[4] The highest point of the island is the historic Fort Holmes (originally called Fort George by the British before 1815), which is 320 feet (98 m) above lake level and 890 feet (271 m) above sea level.^[7] According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 492.^[8] The population grows considerably during the summer as hotels, restaurants, bars and retail shops, open only during the summer season, hire short-term employees to accommodate as many as 15,000 visitors per day.^[9]^[10]

Two of the modes of transport on Mackinac Island, horse-drawn carriages and bicycles

The island can be reached by private boat, by ferry, by small aircraft, and in the winter, by snowmobile over an ice road. The airport has a 3,500-foot (1,070 m) paved runway, and charter air service from the mainland is available.^[11] In the summer tourist season, ferry service is available from Arnold Transit Company, Shepler's Ferry, and Star Line Ferry to shuttle visitors to the island from St. Ignace and Mackinaw City.^[12]

Motorized vehicles have been prohibited on the island since 1898, with the exception of snowmobiles during winter, emergency vehicles, and service vehicles. Travel on the island is either by foot, bicycle, or horse-drawn carriage. Roller skates and roller blades are also allowed, except in the downtown area. Bicycles, roller skates/roller blades, carriages, and saddle horses are available for rent. An 8-mile (13 km) road follows the island's perimeter, and numerous roads, trails and paths cover the interior.^[13] The road encircling the island and closely hugging the shoreline is M-185, the United States' only state highway without motorized vehicles.^[14]

The island is the location of Mackinac Island State Park, which covers approximately 80 percent of the island and includes Fort Mackinac as well as portions of the island's historic downtown and harbor. No camping is allowed on the island, but numerous hotels and bed and breakfasts are available.^[12]^[15]

The downtown streets are lined with many retail stores, candy shops, and restaurants. A popular item at the candy shops is the locally produced and nationally known "Mackinac Island Fudge", leading to tourists sometimes being referred to as "fudgies". Many shops sell a variety of fudge, and some of the confectioners have been operating for more than a century. The popularity of the fudge has led to the sales and marketing of Mackinac Island fudge not only throughout Michigan, but outside the state as well.^[16]^[17]^[18]

History [link]

Historical Marker at British Landing

Archaeologists have excavated prehistoric fishing camps on Mackinac Island and in the surrounding areas. Fishhooks, pottery, and other artifacts establish a Native American presence at least 700 years before European exploration, around AD 900. The island is a sacred place in the tradition of some of its earliest known inhabitants, the Anishinaabe (Ojibwa) tribes, who consider it to be home to the Gitche Manitou, or the "Great Spirit". According to legend, Mackinac Island was created by the Great Hare, Michabou and was the first land to appear after the recession of the Great Flood.^[19] The island was a gathering place for the local tribes where their offerings were made to Gitche Manitou and was where tribal chiefs were buried.^[20]

The first European likely to have seen Mackinac Island is Jean Nicolet, a French-Canadian coureur de bois, during his 1634 explorations. The Jesuit priest Claude Dablon founded a mission for the Native Americans on Mackinac Island in 1670, and stayed over the winter of 1670–71. Dablon's fall 1671 successor, the missionary and explorer Jacques Marquette, moved the mission to St. Ignace soon after his arrival.^[21]^[22] With the mission as a focus, the Straits of Mackinac quickly became an important French fur trading location. The British took control of the Straits of Mackinac after the French and Indian War and Major Patrick Sinclair chose the bluffs of the island for Fort Mackinac in 1780.^[5]^[20]

Although the British built Fort Mackinac to protect their settlement from attack by French-Canadians and native tribes, the fort was never attacked during the American Revolutionary War, and the entire Straits area was officially acquired by the United States through the Treaty of Paris in 1783. However, much of the British forces did not leave the Great Lakes area until after Jay's Treaty established U.S. sovereignty over the Northwest Territory in 1794.^[23] During the War of 1812, the British captured the fort in the first battle of the conflict because the Americans had not yet heard that war had been declared. The victorious British attempted to protect their prize by building Fort George on the high ground behind Fort Mackinac. In 1814, the Americans and British fought a second battle on the north side of the island. The American second-in-command, Major Andrew Hunter Holmes, was killed and the Americans failed to recapture the island.

The statue of Père Jacques Marquette—Jesuit Priest and Great Lakes explorer in front of Fort Mackinac

Despite this outcome, the Treaty of Ghent forced the British to return the island and surrounding mainland to the U.S. in 1815. The United States reoccupied Fort Mackinac, and renamed Fort George Fort Holmes, after Major Holmes.^[5]^[7] Fort Mackinac remained under the control of the United States government until 1895 and provided volunteers to defend the Union during the American Civil War. The fort even served as a prison for three Confederate sympathizers.^[20]

John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company was centered on Mackinac Island after the War of 1812 and exported beaver pelts for thirty years. By the middle of the 19th century, commercial fishing for whitefish and lake trout began to replace the fur trade as the island's primary industry. As sport fishing became more popular in the 1880s, hotels and restaurants accommodated tourists coming by train or lake boat from Detroit and similar cities.^[5]

Following the Civil War, the island became a popular tourist destination for residents of cities on the Great Lakes. Much of the federal land on Mackinac Island was designated as the second national park, Mackinac National Park, in 1875, just three years after Yellowstone was designated as the first national park. To accommodate an influx of tourists in the 1880s, the boat and railroad companies built hotels, including the Grand Hotel. Souvenir shops began to spring up as a way for island residents to profit from the tourists. Many wealthy industrialists built summer cottages along the island's bluffs for extended stays. When the federal government left the island in 1895, all of the federal land, including Fort Mackinac, was given to the state of Michigan and became Michigan's first state park. The Mackinac Island State Park Commission appointed to oversee the island has limited private development in the park and requires leaseholders to maintain the island's distinctive Victorian architecture.^[6]^[24]

Motor vehicles were restricted at the end of the 19th century because of concerns for the health and safety of the island's residents and horses after local carriage drivers complained that automobiles startled their horses. This ban continues to the present with exceptions only for emergency and construction vehicles.^[20]^[25]

Etymology [link]

Like many historic places in the Great Lakes region, Mackinac Island's name derives from a Native American language. Native Americans in the Straits of Mackinac region likened the shape of the island to that of a turtle. Therefore, they named it "Mitchimakinak" (Ojibwe mishi-mikinaak)^[26] meaning "big turtle". The French used a version of the original pronunciation: Michilimackinac. However, the English shortened it to the present name: "Mackinac."^[27]^[28]

Geography [link]

Dwightwood Spring on Mackinac Island's shoreline

File:Arch Rock.jpg

Arch Rock on Mackinac Island

Mackinac Island was formed as the glaciers of the last ice age began to melt around 13,000 BC. The bedrock strata that underlie the island are much older, dating to Late Silurian and Early Devonian time, about 400 to 420 million years ago. Subsurface deposits of halite (rock salt) dissolved, allowing the collapse of overlying limestones; these once-broken but now solidified rocks comprise the Mackinac Breccia.

The melting glaciers formed the Great Lakes, and the receding lakewaters eroded the limestone bedrock, forming the island's steep cliffs and rock formations. At least three previous lake levels are known, two of them higher than the present shore: Algonquin level lakeshores date to about 13,000 years ago, and the Nipissing level shorelines formed 4,000 to 6,000 years ago.^[29] During an intermediate period of low water between these two high-water stages, the Straits of Mackinac shrank to a narrow gorge which discharged its water into Lake Huron through Mackinac Falls, located just east of Mackinac Island.^[30]

As the Great Lakes assumed their present levels, Mackinac Island took on its current size.^[4] The steep cliffs were one of the primary reasons for the British army's choice of the island for a fortification; their decision differed from that of the French army, which had built Fort Michilimackinac about 1715 near present-day Mackinaw City. The limestone formations are still part of the island's appeal. However, tourists are attracted by the natural beauty rather than the strategic value. One of the most popular geologic formations is Arch Rock, a natural limestone arch, 146 feet (45 m) above the ground.^[5] Other popular geologic formations include Devil's Kitchen, Skull Cave, and Sugar Loaf.^[6]

Nature [link]

Marquette Park on Mackinac Island.

Mackinac Island contains a wide variety of terrain, including fields, marshes, bogs, coastline, boreal forest, and limestone formations. The environment is legally preserved on the island by the State Historic Park designation. About half of the shoreline and adjacent waters off Mackinac Island, including the harbor (Haldimand Bay) and the southern and western shore from Mission Point to Pointe aux Pins, is protected as part of the Straits of Mackinac Shipwreck Preserve, a state marine park.^[31]

A Blue Jay, one of Mackinac Island's resident birds

As it is separated from the mainland by 3 miles (4.8 km) of water, few large mammals inhabit the island, except those that traverse the ice during the winter months. Coyotes have recently been reported.^[32] Rabbits, fox, raccoons, otters, mink, gray and red squirrels, and chipmunks are all common as is the occasional beaver and coyote. Bats are the most abundant migratory mammals as crossing the water is no obstacle for them. There are many limestone caves serving as homes for the bats and many insects on the island for the bat to prey on. The island is frequented by migratory birds on their trips between their summer and winter habitats. Eagles and hawks are abundant in April and May, while smaller birds such as Yellow Warblers, American Redstart, and Indigo Bunting are more common in early summer. Near the shoreline, gulls, herons, geese, and loons are common. Owls, including Snowy Owls and Great Grey Owls, come to the island from the Arctic to hunt in the warmer climate. Other birds, such as chickadees, cardinals, Blue Jays, and woodpeckers, live on the island year-round. Toads have also been found.^[33]

Mackinac Island contains over 600 species of vascular plants. Flowering plants and wildflowers are abundant, including Trillium, Lady Slippers, Forget-me-nots, Violets, Trout Lily, Spring Beauty, Hepatica, Buttercups, and Hawkweeds in the forests and Orchids, Fringed Gentian, Butter-and-Eggs, and Jack-in-the-Pulpit along the shoreline. The island's forests are home to many varieties of trees, such as maple, birch, elm, cedar, pine, and spruce.^[33]

Culture [link]

The famous Grand Hotel

File:Mack isl view.JPG

A view of the island atop the Fort

Mackinac Island is home to many cultural events, including an annual show of American art from the Masco collection of 19th-century works at the Grand Hotel. There are at least five art galleries on the island.^[34] Mackinac Island has been the setting of two feature films: This Time for Keeps in 1946 and Somewhere in Time, filmed at the Grand Hotel and various other locations on the island in 1979.^[35] Mackinac Island has been written about and visited by many influential writers including Alexis De Tocqueville, Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, Edward Everett Hale, Mark Twain, Bill Bryson, Herman Melville, and Constance Fenimore Woolson. Favorable growing conditions have allowed lilacs to thrive on the island. Since 1949, the island's residents have been celebrating the lilacs with an annual 10-day festival, culminating in a horse-drawn parade that has been recognized as a local legacy event by the Library of Congress.^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41]

Most of the buildings on Mackinac Island are built of wood, a few are of stone, and most have clapboard siding.^[4] The architectural styles on the island span 300 years, from the earliest Native American structures to the styles of the 19th century. The earliest structures were built by the Anishinaabe, Ojibwe, and Chippewa tribes before European exploration. At least two buildings still exist from the original French settlement in the late 18th century, making Mackinac Island the only example of northern French rustic architecture in the United States, and one of few survivors in North America. Fort Mackinac, with its whitewashed stone walls instead of the more traditional wood, is a European adaptation of Islamic military architecture. Mackinac Island also contains examples of Federalist, Colonial, and Greek Revival styles. Much of the island, however, is built in the style of the Victorian era which includes Gothic Revival, Stick style, Italianate, Second Empire, Richardson Romanesque and Queen Anne styles. The most recent styles used on the island date from the late 19th century to the 1930s and include the Colonial and Tudor revival styles.^[42]

The island's newspaper is the Mackinac Island Town Crier, owned and operated by Wesley H. Maurer Sr. and his family since 1957 as training for journalism students.^[43] It is published weekly from May through September and bimonthly during the rest of the year.^[44]

Honor scouts [link]

A replica of the Statue of Liberty donated by the Boy Scouts of America near the historic Haldimand Bay on Mackinac Island

Every summer, Mackinac Island accommodates up to 54 Michigan Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and their leaders over alternate weeks. These scouts serve the state as the Mackinac Island Governor's Honor Guard. The program began in 1929, when the State Park Commission invited eight Eagle Scouts, including young Gerald Ford, to serve as honor guards for the Michigan governor. In 1974, the program was expanded to include Girl Scouts. The program is popular, selective, and a long standing tradition. Scouts raise and lower twenty-six flags on the island, serve as guides, and complete volunteer service projects during their stay. These scouts live in the Scout Barracks located behind Fort Mackinac.^[45]^[46]^[47]

Film and television [link]

The beautiful swimming pool at the Grand Hotel^[48] was built for Esther Williams' use in the 1947 film This Time for Keeps.

The majority of the 1980 film Somewhere in Time was filmed on Mackinac Island. Several landmarks are visible in the film, including the Grand Hotel and the lighthouse on nearby Round Island. The Mackinac Bridge is faintly visible in the background of one scene. The film's director said he needed to "find a place that looked like it hadn't changed in eighty years." The filming of this movie was one of the exceptions to the "no-vehicle" law as Christopher Reeve drives a car up to the Grand Hotel in the beginning of the film.

Mackinac Island appeared on two episodes of Dirty Jobs, with host Mike Rowe as a Mackinac Bridge maintenance worker, and a horse manure and garbage removal/composting collector.^[49]^[50]

The island's Mission Point Resort was featured on the popular Syfy cable television series Ghost Hunters in the sixth episode of season seven originally airing on March 30, 2011.^[51] Aptly named Frozen in Fear, the episode wrapped up filming on the last available day of ferry transportation to and from the island due to the encroaching and soon-to-be impassable winter ice.

Sites of interest [link]

Village and harbor

Fort Mackinac in 2004

All of Mackinac Island was listed as a National Historic Landmark in October 1960. In addition, because of the island's long history and preservation efforts starting in the 1890s, eight separate locations on the island, and a ninth site on adjacent Round Island, are listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places.^[20]

Fort Mackinac was built in 1780 and was closed as a fort in 1895 as it no longer had any strategic purpose. It has been restored to its late 19th century state through efforts beginning in the 1930s.^[52]^[53]

The Biddle House, one of the oldest structures on Mackinac Island, was built about 1780 and is interpreted in its role as a prosperous family home during the height of the fur trade in the 1820s.^[54]^[55]

The McGulpin House, a working-class home possibly constructed prior to 1780, is interpreted as a frontier working-class home.^[54]

The Matthew Geary House was built in 1846, was added to the register in 1971, and is now available for vacation rentals.^[56]^[57]

The Grand Hotel is a Victorian-style structure that opened in 1887. It gained national prominence after the 1980 film Somewhere in Time was shot on location at the hotel.^[58]

The Indian Dormitory was constructed under direction of U.S. Indian agent Henry Rowe Schoolcraft after the signing of the 1836 Treaty of Washington, as a school and a place for Native Americans visiting the island to stay when receiving yearly allotments. The building was restored in 1966 and converted to a museum, which was closed in 2003.^[59] On July 2, 2010, the building reopened as The Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum. It showcases Mackinac art from prehistory to the present, and includes a kids' art studio.^[60]

Mission Church was built in 1829 and is the oldest surviving church building in Michigan. Restoration efforts have returned the church to its 1830s appearance.^[61]

Mission House was built in 1825 by Presbyterian missionary William Montague Ferry as a boarding school for Native American children. It became a hotel in 1849 and a rooming house in 1939. It is restored and now houses State Park employees.^[62]

The Round Island Lighthouse is located just south of the island on the small, uninhabited Round Island. The light was built in 1894 and automated in 1924. Extensive restoration efforts began in the 1970s and the exterior and structure have since been repaired.^[63]

The Agency House of the American Fur Company was built in 1820 as the home for the company's Mackinac Island agent, Robert Stuart. It is now open to the public as a fur trade museum.^[64]

The Michigan Governor's Summer Residence was built overlooking the harbor in 1902 and was purchased by the state for use as a governor's residence in 1943.^[65]

The entire island, Haldimand Bay, and a small shipwreck form a historic district.^[4]^[56]

Wawashkamo Golf Club was laid out in 1898 as a Scottish links-type course and is now the oldest continuously played golf course in Michigan.^[66]

Notable people [link]

John Penn Arndt, merchant, member of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature.
William Beaumont, a surgeon in the U.S. Army who became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion.
Michael Cudahy, meatpacking CEO and land developer.
Hercules L. Dousman, fur trader and real estate financier.
Frank Dufina, Native American golf professional.
Thomas W. Ferry, member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan in 1865–1871, and of the United States Senate from Michigan in 1871–1883, was born on the island.
William Montague Ferry, Presbyterian minister and missionary established a mission on the island.
William Montague Ferry, Jr., Michigan and Utah politicians, was born on the island.
Philip Hart, member of the U.S. Senate from Michigan in 1959–1976.
Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, fur trader and pioneer Chicago CEO.
Madeline La Framboise, fur trader and businesswoman, inducted in 1984 into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
Jacques Marquette, Jesuit priest and missionary.
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, noted ethnographer and U.S. Indian agent, named many counties and places in Michigan in his official capacity; husband of Jane Johnston Schoolcraft.
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, Native American ethnographer, folklorist and poet; inducted in 2008 into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
G. Mennen Williams, governor of Michigan in 1949–1961. In fact, the state owns a residence on the island for the current governor's use; some governors use it extensively, while others have used it only for special occasions.

References [link]

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