| Terr serv 1 | General TV |
|---|
| Terr chan 1 | Analog–Ch 1 (Tokyo)Analog–Ch 2 (Osaka)Analog–Ch 3 (Nagoya)Digital- Ch 1 (Tokyo, Osaka)Digital- Ch 3 (Nagoya) |
|---|
| Terr serv 2 | Educational TV |
|---|
| Terr chan 2 | Analog–Ch 3 (Tokyo)Analog–Ch 12 (Osaka)Analog–Ch 9 (Nagoya)Digital- Ch 2 (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya) |
|---|
| Sat serv 1 | BS-1 |
|---|
| Sat chan 1 | Analog–Ch BS 7Digital-Ch 101 |
|---|
| Sat serv 2 | BS-2 |
|---|
| Sat chan 2 | Analog–Ch BS 11Digital-Ch 102 |
|---|
| Sat serv 3 | BS-PREMIUM |
|---|
| Sat chan 3 | Digital- Ch 103 |
|---|
| Sat serv 4 | NHK WORLD |
|---|
| Sat chan 4 | nhkTV, nhkRadio Japan |
|---|
in
Shibuya, Tokyo]]
NHK (, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai; official English name: Japan Broadcasting Corporation) is Japan's national public broadcasting organization. NHK, which has always identified itself to its audiences by the English pronunciation of its initials, is a publicly owned corporation funded by viewers' payments of a television license fee.
NHK operates two terrestrial television services (NHK General TV and NHK Educational TV), two satellite television services (NHK BS-1 and NHK BS Premium, both now a High-definition television service), and three radio networks (NHK Radio 1, NHK Radio 2, and NHK FM).
NHK also provides an international broadcasting service, known as NHK World. NHK World is composed of NHK World TV, NHK World Premium, and the shortwave radio service NHK World Radio Japan. World Radio Japan also makes some of its programs available on the internet.
History
Until the 1940s, NHK was a national radio broadcasting monopoly.
On March 22, 1925, one and a half years after the Great Kantō earthquake, the Radio Japan produced the first radio broadcast in Japan, transmitting from Atago Hill just north of the Tokugawa Tombs in Shiba Park. The first program included Beethoven, classical Japanese music, and a play by ōyō.
NHK was founded in 1926, modeled on the
BBC radio company of the
United Kingdom.
NHK’s second radio network was started in 1931. And in 1935, NHK started a shortwave radio service for listeners overseas, which was known as ’’‘Radio Japan’’’ in 1930s and 1940s.
In November 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army nationalised all public news agencies and coordinated their efforts through the Information Liaison Confidential Committee. All published and broadcast news reports became official announcements of the Imperial Army General Headquarters in Tokyo for the duration of World War II. The famous Tokyo Rose wartime programs were broadcasts by NHK.
NHK started General TV in 1950 and the Educational TV in 1959. It aired its first color television broadcast in 1960.
In 1980s, NHK BS TV broadcasts were started. And in 1995, NHK started ’’‘NHK World TV’’’.
In 2000, NHK started satellite digital TV broadcasts. And in 2003, terrestrial digital TV broadcasts were started for three megacity areas, which are to be expanded to cover almost all Japan by July, 2011.
NHK BS Hi-Vision analog TV was stopped by September, 2007.
Since End of September 2008, NHK World TV can be received Free-To-Air over the Astra 19.2°E (Astra 1L) in Europe.
As of 28 November, 2008, NHK World TV was seen to start Test transmissions on the Eurobird series of satellites, Free to Air, at 28.5 Degrees East. The transmissions, on 11.680 GHz (Vertical polarity, FEC 2/3, S/R 27.5MBaud), currently appear only by adding the channel manually on Sky Digital equipment, and the channel is currently recognised by a code number, “51108”. It is not currently known how long this service will be available for, or what the plans for NHK World presently are. It appears in the Freesat EPG on channel 209.
License fee
NHK is paid for by
license fees (known in Japanese as ). The Broadcast Law which governs NHK’s funding stipulates that any television equipped to receive NHK is required to pay. The fee is standardized, with discounts for office workers and students who commute, as well a general discount for residents of
Okinawa prefecture.
However, the Broadcast Law lists no punitive actions for nonpayment; as a result of this, after a rash of NHK-related scandals, the number of people who had not paid the license fee surpassed one million users. This incident sparked debate over the fairness of the fee system. In 2006, the NHK opted to take legal action against those most flagrantly in violation of the law.
NHK domestic broadcasting stations
TV programming
NHK General TV broadcasts a variety of programming. The following are noteworthy:
News
Local, national, and world news reports. NHK News 7 offers bilingual broadcasts on NHK General TV, NHK World TV and NHK World Premium. Its current flagship news program is
News Watch 9, also broadcast throughout the whole NHK network. NHK also offers news for the deaf, regional news and children’s news. News Today 30 Minutes is the new name of NHK NEWSWATCH which ran for 6 years. It is an English newscast designed for foreign viewers. On 2 February 2009, NHK World TV changed and the flagship newscast,
Newsline, also changed and is currently the flagship newscast on NHK and
NHK World TV.
Emergency reporting
Under the Broadcast Act, NHK is under the obligation to broadcast early warning emergency reporting in times of natural disasters such as earthquakes and
tsunamis. Their national network of seismometers in cooperation with the
Japan Meteorological Agency makes NHK capable of delivering the news in just 2–3 minutes after the quake. They also broadcast air attack warnings in the event of war, using the
J-Alert system.
Education
Education programmes are watched nation-wide at primary schools.
Tensai Terebikun MAX (better known as TTK) is a show combining a small amount of education with entertainment. TTK is currently hosted by the
Yasuda Big Circus,
Maki Nishiyama and a cast of 24 children ranging from ages 8 to 41.
Weather
Weather in detail, nationwide, and international for travellers.
Sports
NHK broadcasts the six annual Grand
Sumo tournaments,
high-school baseball championships from
Koshien Stadium,
Olympic Games,
National Sports Festival of Japan, and a range of other sports. NHK also broadcasts
Boston Red Sox games when
Daisuke Matsuzaka pitches.
News analysis
The network carries in-depth reports on current topics, political debate, and similar programming.
Music
The annual
Kōhaku Uta Gassen on New Year’s Eve is the highlight. The weekly schedule includes an amateur hour, and prime-time shows for all ages. Music Japan is shown each week with brand new Japanese pop, and rock acts.
J-Melo is NHK’s first music program to be recorded entirely in English for international consumption.
The NHK Symphony Orchestra, financially sponsored by NHK, was formerly (until 1951) the Japanese Symphony Orchestra. Its website details the orchestra's history and ongoing concert programme.
Drama
A
sentimental morning show, a weekly
jidaigeki and a year-long show, the ’’
Taiga drama’’, spearhead the network’s fiction offerings.
NHK is also making efforts to broadcasting the drama made in foreign countries as "".
Documentaries
NHK has become known for its documentary series, first popularized by the mini-series
Legacy for the Future, afterwards, "
The Silk Road" in
NHK Tokushu (
NHK Special at later years), and in
NHK Special.
Children
The longest running children’s show in Japan, }}, still airs to this day on NHK-ETV.
Sesame Street was one of the first imports, debuting in 1971. It resumed in 1988, until 2004, when a local adaptation was announced, which NHK refused to be involved in. Teenagers and adults watched the program to learn English (though much later on, a dubbed version was also available). When the American Sesame Street aired on NHK, the channel produced episode guides. In the 2000s, when the show was available in both English and Japanese, Sesame English was interspersed within the program, first as a replacement for Elmo's World, but later in addition to it.
Other
Cooking, comedy, exercise, gardening, crafts, anime,
igo,
shogi.
Notable programs
{|
|valign=top|
’’Allison & Lillia’’ (2008)
’’Big Wolf on Campus’’ (2002-2003)
’’BuBu ChaCha’’
’’Caillou’’(1998-present)
’’Cardcaptor Sakura’’ (1998-2002)
’’Dynamic China’’ (2007-)
’’Doctor Who’’
’’Doug’’
’’Dungeons & Dragons’’ (1996-2002)
’’Eigo de Shabera Night’’ (2002-2009)
’’Futatsu no Spica’’
’’Future Boy Conan’’ (1978)
’’Guardian of the Sacred Spirit’’ (2007-)
’’Goosebumps’’ (1998-1999)
’’J-Melo’’ (2005-)
’’Kaitai-Shin Show’’
’’Kōhaku Uta Gassen’’
’’Kyo Kara Maoh!’’
’’MAJOR’’ (2004-2009)
’’Minna no Uta’’ (1961-ongoing)
’’Morizzo and Kiccoro’’ (2005 Aichi World Expo season)
’’Mujin Wakusei Survive’’
’’Mysterious Cities of Gold’’ (1982-1983)
’’’’ (1990-1991)
|valign=top|
’’Oshin’’ (1983-1984)
’’Pants Pankuro’’ (2004-2008)
’’The Pirates of Dark Water’’ (1993)
’’Planetes’’
''Questa
’’Sesame Street’’ (1971-2004)
’’Shibawanko no Wa no Kokoro’’
’’Shirasu Jiro’’ (2009)
’’Snow Princess’’
’’Spongebob Squarepants’’ (2002-present)
’’Sports Kyoushitsu’’
’’’’
’’Taiga drama’’
’’Tales from the Darkside’’
’’Ten Minutes Box’’
’’The Nightmare Room’’ (2002-2003)
’’Tsubasa Chronicle’’
’’TV Colosso’’ (1993-1997)
’’UFO Baby’’ (2000-02)
’’Visions of Light’’
’’Yat Anshin Uchuu Ryokou’’ (1996-1998)
’’Zettai Shonen’’ (“Absolute Boy”) (2004-2005)
|}
See also
{|
|valign=top|
NHK World
Welcome to the NHK!
ISDB
NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories
UHDTV
|valign=top|
Japanese television programs
Japanese media
Domo-kun
NHK Spring Company
Hobankyo - Organization based in Japan that enforces Fuji Television copyright issues
Japan Prize Contest (NHK)
|}
References
Notes
Additional sources
Johnston, Eric. (July 7, 2009). Japan Times: NHK a fount of info, a lot of it from the government Japan Times, p. 3.
Seidensticker, Edward. (1990). ’‘Tokyo Rising: The City Since the Great Earthquake.’’ New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-54360-2
External links
NHK OFFICIAL YOUTUBE CHANNEL (JAPANESE)
NHK OFFICIAL YOUTUBE CHANNEL (ENGLISH)
NHK
NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories
NHK/digital
Category:Commercial-free television networks
Category:Japanese radio
Category:Publicly funded broadcasters
Category:1926 establishments
Category:Cable TV of Hong Kong
