Big Three at Cairo & Tehran: FDR, Churchill, Stalin, Chiang & Madame Chiang 1943 US OWI Newsreel
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Cairo Conference:
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, PM
Winston Churchill,
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek,
Madame Chiang Kai-Shek [
Soong May-ling]
Teheran Conference: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, PM Winston Churchill,
Josef Stalin
"
United Nations Leaders Meet in
Middle East!"
United News Newsreel
Public domain film from the
US National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/
3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_Conference
The Cairo Conference (codenamed
Sextant) of November 22--26, 1943, held in
Cairo, Egypt, outlined the
Allied position against
Japan during
World War II and made decisions about postwar
Asia. The meeting was attended by
President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt,
Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom Winston Churchill, and Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-shek of the
Republic of China.
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin did not attend the conference because Chiang was attending, which could cause friction between the
Soviet Union and Japan. (The
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact of
1941 was a five-year agreement of neutrality between the two nations; in 1943 the Soviet Union was not at war with Japan, whereas
China, the
U.K. and the
U.S. were.)
The Cairo meeting was held at a residence of the
American Ambassador to
Egypt,
Alexander Kirk, near the
Pyramids.
Two days later
Stalin met with
Roosevelt and
Churchill in
Tehran, Iran for the
Tehran Conference.
The Cairo
Declaration was issued on
27 November 1943 and released in a
Cairo Communiqué through radio on
1 December 1943, stating the
Allies' intentions to continue deploying military force until Japan's unconditional surrender. The main clauses of the
Cairo Declaration are that the three great allies are fighting this war to restrain and punish the aggression of Japan, they covet no gain for themselves and won't involve themselves in territorial expansion wars after the conflict, "Japan be stripped of all the islands in the
Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the
First World War in
1914", "all the territories Japan has stolen from the
Chinese, including
Manchuria,
Formosa, and the
Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China", Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed and that "in due course
Korea shall become free and independent"
...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soong_May-ling
Soong May-ling or
Soong Mei-ling, also known as
Madame Chiang Kai-shek or
Madame Chiang (traditional Chinese:
宋美齡; simplified Chinese:
宋美龄; pinyin:
Sòng Měilíng; March 5, 1898 --
October 23, 2003) was a
First Lady of the Republic of China (
ROC), the wife of Generalissimo and
President Chiang Kai-shek. She was a politician, painter and the chairman of
Fu Jen Catholic University. The youngest and the last surviving of the three
Soong sisters, she played a prominent role in the politics of the Republic of China and was the sister-in-law of
Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Republic of China preceding her husband...
Soong died in her sleep in
New York City, in her
Manhattan apartment on October 23, 2003, at the age of 105, her life having extended into three centuries...
... Madame Chiang struck a chord with American audiences as she traveled across the country, starting in the
1930s, raising money and lobbying for support of her husband's government. She seemed to many
Americans to be the very
symbol of the modern, educated, pro-American China they yearned to see emerge -- even as many Chinese dismissed her as a corrupt, power-hungry symbol of the past they wanted to escape.
-
Life magazine called
Madame the "most powerful woman in the world."
-
Liberty magazine described her as "the real brains and boss of the
Chinese government."
-
Clare Boothe Luce compared her to
Joan of Arc and
Florence Nightingale.
-
Ernest Hemingway, called her the "empress" of China...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference
The Tehran Conference (codenamed
Eureka) was a strategy meeting held between Joseph Stalin,
Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from
28 November to 1 December 1943. It was held in the
Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran and was the first of the
World War II conferences held between all of the "
Big Three" Allied leaders (the Soviet Union, the
United States, and the United Kingdom). It closely followed the Cairo Conference and preceded both the
Yalta and
Potsdam Conferences... the main outcome of the Tehran Conference was the commitment to the opening of a second front against
Nazi Germany by the
Western Allies...