Coordinates: 21°25′15″S 41°41′27″W / 21.42083°S 41.69083°W / -21.42083; -41.69083 Italva is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 12,531 (2005) and its area is 296 km².

Emanuel Mendel (October 28, 1839 – June 23, 1907) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who was a university professor and director of a polyclinic in Berlin. He was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia; (today known as Bolesławiec, Poland).

He studied medicine in Berlin and in 1873 received his habilitation. He was founder and publisher of the neurological/psychiatric magazine Neurologisches Centralblatt. Mendel was an advocate concerning the unification of psychiatry and neurology as complementary disciplines. Among his better-known students and assistants were Max Bielschowsky (1869–1940), Edward Flatau (1869–1932), Lazar Minor (1855–1942) and Louis Jacobsohn-Lask (1863–1940)

Mendel is remembered for the introduction of duboisine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Duboisine is an extract from the Australian plant Dubosia myoporoides. He also conducted important studies of epilepsy and progressive paralysis.

Among his medical writings was a textbook on psychiatry titled Leitfaden der Psychiatrie für Studirende der Medizin (1902), which was later translated into English and published as "Text-book of psychiatry : A psychological study of insanity for practitioners and students". He was also interested in politics, and was a member of the Reichstag from 1877 to 1881.