Mosteiro dos Jerónimos - Jerónimos Monastery (Belém)

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• published: 22 May 2008
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Monumento à riqueza dos Descobrimentos, o Mosteiro dos Jerónimos situa-se em Belém, Lisboa, à entrada do Rio Tejo. Constitui o ponto mais alto da arquitectura manuelina e o mais notável conjunto monástico do século XVI em Portugal e uma das principais igrejas-salão da Europa. Destacam-se o seu claustro, completo em 1544, e a porta sul, de complexo desenho geométrico, virada para o rio Tejo. Os elementos decorativos são repletos de símbolos da arte da navegação e de esculturas de plantas e animais exóticos. O monumento é considerado património mundial pela UNESCO, e em 7 de Julho de 2007 foi eleito como uma das sete maravilhas de Portugal. Le Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, est situé à l'ouest de Lisbonne, dans le quartier de Belém. Cet ensemble, composé de l'église Santa Maria, est un célèbre chef d'œuvre de l'architecture manuéline. Il fut construit entre 1496 et 1572, grâce à la vente des épices et aux richesses rapportées, à la suite des expéditions de Vasco de Gama, dans le Nouveau Monde. Dans l'église se trouvent les tombeaux du Manuel Ier de Portugal, de Vasco de Gama et du poète Luís de Camões. Dans le monastère sont installés les musées de la marine et d'archéologie The Hieronymites Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, pron. IPA: [muʃ'tɐiɾu duʃ ʒɨ'ɾɔnimuʃ]) is located in the Belém district of Lisbon, Portugal. This magnificent monastery can be considered one of the most prominent monuments in Lisbon and is certainly one of the most successful achievements of the Manueline style. In 1983 it was classified by the UNESCO, with nearby Torre de Belém, as a World Heritage Site. CThe house for the Hieronymite monks was built on the same site of the Ermida do Restelo, a hermitage that was founded by Henry the Navigator at about 1450. It was at this hermitage, that was already in disrepair, that Vasco da Gama and his men spent the night in prayer before departing for India in 1497. The existing structure was started on the orders of Manuel I (1515-1520) to commemorate Vasco da Gama's successful return from India. It was originally meant as a church for the burial of the House of Aviz, but it also became a house of prayer for seamen leaving or entering port. Construction of the monastery began in 1502 and took 50 years to complete. He used pedra lioz, a local gold-coloured limestone, for its construction. The building of the monastery was funded by a 5% tax on eastern spices, with the exceptions of pepper, cinnamon and cloves, revenue from which went straight to the Crown. By this influx of riches, the architects had enough financial margin to think big. The enormous amount of funds needed for this monastery, meant abandoning the construction of the Aviz pantheon in the Monastery of Batalha. The monastery was designed in the Manueline style by Diogo de Boitaca (who was probably one of the originators of this style with the Igreja de Jesus in Setúbal). He built the church, the monastery, the sacristy and the refectory. He was succeeded by the Spaniard João de Castilho, who took charge of construction in around 1517. João de Castilho gradually moved from the Manueline style to the Plateresco style, a style with lavish decorations that remind of silver ware (plata = silver). There were several sculptors who made their mark on this building. Nicolau Chanterene added depth with his Renaissance themes. The construction came to a halt when the king Manuel I died in 1520. The architect Diogo de Torralva resumed the construction of the monastery in 1550, adding the main chapel, the choir and completing the two storeys of the monastery, using only Renaissance motifs. His work was continued in 1571 by Jérôme de Rouen (also called Jerónimo de Ruão) who added some Classical elements. The construction stopped in 1580 with the union of Spain and Portugal, because the building of the Escorial in Spain was now draining away all the funds. The monastery withstood the Great Earthquake of 1755 without too much damage. But when the building became vacant in 1833 by the abolition of the religious orders in Portugal, it began to deteriorate to the point of almost collapsing. A cupola was later added to the southwestern tower. On December 13, 2007 the Treaty of Lisbon has been signed at the monastery, laying down the basis for the reform of the European Union. http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosteiro_dos_Jerónimos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerónimos_Monastery http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosteiro_dos_Jerónimos http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterio_de_los_Jerónimos_de_Belém http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastère_des_Hiéronymites VALPARD FILMS http://valpardfilms.awardspace.com/