- published: 12 Jun 2012
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Flerovium (formerly ununquadium) is the radioactive chemical element with the symbol Fl and atomic number 114. The element is named after Soviet physicist Georgy Flyorov, the founder of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered.
About 80 decays of atoms of flerovium have been observed to date, 50 directly and 30 from the decay of the heavier elements livermorium and ununoctium. All decays have been assigned to the five neighbouring isotopes with mass numbers 285–289. The longest-lived isotope currently known is 289Fl with a half-life of ~2.6 s, although there is evidence for a nuclear isomer, 289bFl, with a half-life of ~66 s, that would be one of the longest-lived nuclei in the superheavy element region.
Chemical studies performed in 2007 strongly indicate that flerovium possesses non-eka-lead properties and appears to behave as the first superheavy element that portrays noble-gas-like properties due to relativistic effects.
In December 1998, scientists at Dubna (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) in Russia bombarded a 244Pu target with 48Ca ions. A single atom of flerovium, decaying by 9.67 MeV alpha-emission with a half-life of 30 s, was produced and assigned to 289Fl. This observation was subsequently published in January 1999. However, the decay chain observed has not been repeated and the exact identity of this activity is unknown, although it is possible that it is due to a meta-stable isomer, namely 289mFl.
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