Meta-system

Meta-systems have several definitions. In general, they link the concepts "system" and "meta-". A "meta-system" is a system about other systems, such as describing, generalizing, modelling, or analyzing the other system(s).

According to Turchin and Joslyn (1997), this "natural" systemic definition is not sufficient for their Theory of Meta-system Transition, it also is not equivalent to the definition of system of systems in Autopoietic Systems Theory.

In economics

In economics, meta-systems are like what Bataille calls general economies as opposed to the restricted economies of systems.

A book about the difference between general and restricted economies is Complementarity by Arshad Naim. In this case "meta" is defined as what is beyond: the meta-system is what lies beyond the system.

In mathematics, biology and psychology

In mathematics, biology and psychology, many variables have occurred within structures and systems that determined the results, discoveries, rates and value(s) of sets, systems, and developments within systems, structures, systems within structures and sets of structures.