Malmö (
IPA /ˈmælmə/;
Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen);
Danish:
Malmø) is the third largest city in
Sweden and the 6th largest in the
Nordic countries. Malmö is also the most populous city in
Scania and is the economical and cultural centre of
South Sweden. Malmö is also an important part of the transnational
Øresund Region, which cover
Denmark east of
Great Belt (including
Copenhagen) and Scania.
Malmö was one of the earliest and most industrialized towns of
Scandinavia, but it struggled with the
adaptation to post-industrialism. Since the construction of the
Øresund Bridge, Malmö has undergone a major transformation with architectural developments, and it has attracted new biotech and IT companies, and particularly students through
Malmö University, founded in
1998. The city contains many historic buildings and parks, and is also a commercial centre for the western part of Scania.
The administrative entity for most of the city is
Malmö Municipality which, as of 31
March 2013, has 309,105 inhabitants in eight different localities. Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in
Burlöv Municipality.[
4][5] The total population of the urban area was 280,
415 in
December 2010.
The earliest written mention of Malmö as a city dates from 1275.[7] It is thought to have been founded a couple of decades earlier,[7] as a fortified quay or ferry berth of the
Archbishop of Lund,[8] some
20 kilometres (12 miles) to the north-east. Malmö was for centuries Denmark's second-biggest city. Its original name was Malmhaug (with alternate spellings), meaning "
Gravel pile" or "Ore
Hill"
.
In the 15th century Malmö became one of Denmark's largest and most frequented cities, reaching a population of approximately 5,
000 inhabitants. It became the most important city around the
Øresund, with the
German Hanseatic League frequenting it as a marketplace, and was notable for its flourishing herring fishery. In 1437
King Eric of
Pomerania (
King of Denmark from 1396-1439) granted the city's arms: argent with a griffin gules, based on
Eric's arms from Pomerania. The griffin's head as a
symbol of Malmö extended to the entire province of Scania from 1660.
In 1434, a new citadel was constructed at the beach south of the town. This fortress, known today as
Malmöhus, did not take its current form until the mid-16th century. Several other fortifications were constructed, making
Malmö Sweden's most fortified city, but only Malmöhus remains.
Lutheran teachings spread during the
16th century Protestant Reformation, and Malmö became one of the first cities in Scandinavia to fully convert (1527–
1529) to this
Protestant denomination.
In the
17th century Malmö and the
Scanian region (Skåneland) came under control of Sweden following the
Treaty of Roskilde with Denmark, signed in 1658.
Fighting continued, however; in June 1677, 14,000 Danish troops laid siege to Malmö for a month, but were unable to defeat the
Swedish troops holding it.
By the dawn of the
18th century Malmö had about 2,
300 inhabitants. However, due to the wars of
Charles XII of Sweden (reigned 1697-1718) and to bubonic plague epidemics, the population dropped to 1,
500 by 1727. The population did not grow much until the modern harbour was constructed in
1775. The city started to expand and the population in 1800 was 4,000. 15 years later, it had increased to 6,000.[9]
Södergatan in 1913
In 1840,
Frans Henrik Kockum founded the workshop from which the
Kockums shipyard eventually developed as one of the largest shipyards in the world. Between 1856 and
1864 the
Southern Main Line was built and enabled Malmö to become a center of manufacture, with major textile and mechanical industries. In
1870, Malmö overtook
Norrköping to become Sweden's third-most populous city, and by
1900 Malmö had strengthened this position with 60,000 inhabitants. Malmö continued to grow through the first half of the
20th century. The population had swiftly increased to
100,000 by
1915 and to
200,000 by
1952.
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Malm%C3%B6
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- published: 13 Jun 2016
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