- published: 12 Sep 2013
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Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia. Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2016 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next 14 years.
Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines, including geography, sociology, economics, urban planning, and public health. The phenomenon has been closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can be seen as a specific condition at a set time (e.g. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns) or as an increase in that condition over time. So urbanization can be quantified either in terms of, say, the level of urban development relative to the overall population, or as the rate at which the urban proportion of the population is increasing. Urbanization creates enormous social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the “potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.”
Urbanization and the future of cities - Vance Kite
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/urbanization-and-the-future-of-cities-vance-kite About 10,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers, aided by rudimentary agriculture, moved to semi-permanent villages and never looked back. With further developments came food surpluses, leading to commerce, specialization and, many years later with the Industrial Revolution, the modern city. Vance Kite plots our urban past and how we can expect future cities to adapt to our growing populations. Lesson by Vance Kite, animation by ATMG Studio.
Cities are created by people moving to urban areas. People move to cities for different reasons and experience the city in their own way. More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=DwcW12J1FFA By: Sydney Brown Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you ...
This map visualizes the history of urban settlements over 6,000 years. The data shown in the map comes from a Yale-led study published earlier this month in Scientific Data, which compiled the most comprehensive dataset on historical urban populations to date. The data has a number of limitations and is “far from comprehensive.” Certain parts of world are better represented than others, and some well known cities do not appear until centuries after they were founded. That said, it is the first global-scale collection of pre-1950 urban populations, and a good starting point for future research. http://metrocosm.com/history-of-cities/?ref=youtube
Read the Transcript: http://to.pbs.org/b6sR86 The capital of the South Asian country Bangladesh, Dhaka, has a population that is booming. However, it stands as one of the world's poorest mega-cities. This report comes from a GlobalPost series about the rise of mega-cities.
In which John Green teaches you about the massive immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century. Immigrants flocked to the US from all over the world in this time period. Millions of Europeans moved to the US where they drove the growth of cities and manned the rapid industrialization that was taking place. In the western US many, many Chinese immigrants arrived to work on the railroad and in mines. As is often the case in the United States, the people who already lived in the US reacted kind of badly to this flood of immigrants. Some legislators tried to stem the flow of new arrivals, with mixed success. Grover Cleveland vetoed a general ban on immigration, but the leadership at the time did manage to get together to pass and anti-Chinese immigration law. Im...
In China, the timeline of the massive migration of 250 million rural residents into cities by 2025 is so rapid and far-reaching, there are concerns that some people will be left behind. Read the story here: http://nyti.ms/1e2l4i3 Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/U8Ys7n NYT on Google Plus: http://bit.ly/WnAshF Watch more videos at: http://nytimes.com/video Follow on Twitter: https://twitter.com/nytvideo
China's citizens are moving from the countryside into cities in record numbers, boosting the economy but making party leaders uneasy Subscribe NOW to The Economist: http://econ.st/1Fsu2Vj Get more The Economist Follow us: https://twitter.com/TheEconomist Like us: https://www.facebook.com/TheEconomist View photos: https://instagram.com/theeconomist/ The Economist videos give authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them.
Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B00VYG6SBO/book Cities, Sagebrush, and Solitude explores the transformation of the largest desert in North America, the Great Basin, into Americas last urban frontier. In recent decades Las Vegas, Reno, Salt Lake City, and Boise have become the anchors for sprawling metropolitan regions. This population explosion has been fueled by the maturing of Las Vegas as the nations entertainment capital, the rise of Reno as a magnet for multitudes of California expatriates, the development of Salt Lake Citys urban corridor along the Wasatch Range, and the growth of Boises celebrated high-tech economy and hip urban culture.the blooming of cities in a fragile desert region poses a host of environmental challenges. The policies required to manag...
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Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B00WNXKS40/book The uncontrolled utilization of natural resources to supply to the water demands of the ever-growing population has brought about worldwide scarcity. The supply shortage has resulted in conflicts between countries, created prolonged drought, closing of industrial units, shifting of local inhabitants etc. The abnormality in climatic patterns due to global warming has only enhanced the uncertainties. Unregulated discharge of waste water into fresh water resources is also polluting the available water resources and making them non-utilizable. That is why the discrepancy between water supply and demand is slowly but steadily becoming a problem, which may lead to conflict and inequality all over the world. The present inv...
Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B01JSCHY40/book This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions and feedbacks between urbanization and global environmental change. A key focus is the examination of how urbanization influences global environmental change, and how global environmental change in turn influences urbanization processes. It has four thematic foci: Theme 1 addresses the pathways through which urbanization drives global environmental change. Theme 2 addresses the pathways through which global environmental change affects the urban system. Theme 3 addresses the interactions and responses within the urban system in response to global environmental change. Theme 4 centers on critical emerging research.
Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B019MHO2LE/book Based on a discussion of conflicts in the urbanization process, this book provides theoretical and practical solutions for the preservation and development of urban localities. On the basis of informative case studies, it reveals the similarities and unique aspects of urbanization in Germany and China. The process of urban growth and the future trend of locality and urbanization are also examined. The book gathers contributions from architects, landscape designers, environmental engineers, urban planners and geographers, who analyze urban issues from their individual perspectives and provide methods for preserving and developing urban localities. As such, it expresses responses to urban development trends against the...
Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B000OT81BC/book Apartheid as legislated racial separation substantially changed the South African urban scene. Race group areas' remodelled the cities, while the creation of homelands', mini-states and the pass laws' controlling population migration constrained urbanization itself. In the mid-1980s the old system having proved economically inefficient and politically divisive was replaced by a new policy of orderly urbanization'. This sought to accelerate industrialization and cultural change by relaxing the constraints on urbanization imposed by state planning. The result was further political instability and a quarter of the black (or African) population housed in shanty towns. Negotiations between the Nationalist government and t...
Read your free e-book: http://hotaudiobook.com/mebk/50/en/B00872FKYO/book The worlds developing countries will be experiencing massive increases in their urban populations over the 21st century. If managed intelligently and humanely, this growth can pave the way to sustainable development; otherwise, it will favour higher levels of poverty and environmental stress. The outcome depends on decisions being made now.the principal theme that runs through this volume is the need to transform urbanization into a positive force for development. Part I of this book reviews the demography of the urban transition, stressing the importance of benefi cial rural-urban connections and challenging commonly held misconceptions. Part Ii asks how urban housing, land and service provision can be improved in t...
In his most recent trip to Brazil, David Harvey talks about the urban protests dubbed "middle class revolts" that have been taking place all over the world, from São Paulo to Istanbul, against the backdrop of what he calls the "crisis of planetary urbanization". This lecture took place in Curitiba on November 18th 2014, during a series of talks entitled "The Political Economy Of Urbanization", marking the publishing of the second and final volume of his COMPANION TO MARX'S CAPITAL. This trip took him also to the cities of Brasília, Recife, Fortaleza and São Paulo. The lectures also celebrated the publishing of Boitempo's new edition of Volume II of Marx's Capital – the first edition revised and expanded according to the documents of the MEGA2 project. Recently, Boitempo's edition of Volum...
Language: Hindi, Topics Covered: - GS1- Mains Answer writing: “Though urbanization is considered to be a catalyst for economic growth, so far India has not been able to tap its full potential.” Discuss. (200 words) - 4 mental frames that a mains player should avoid- Statistician, bookie, perfectionist and think tank. - Definition- urbanization, rurbanization, cities, smart cities. - Urbanization is good because it creates Agglomeration economies. - Urbanization as a location factor for industries in Dhaka Textile, Bangalore IT and Karachi Finance industry- - Role of Urbanization in (1) Labour market pooling (2) Knowledge spill over (3) Intermediate input sharing - Europe- Hot Banana from London (UK) to Milan (Italy) - 3 Macro Reforms in Urban-Infrastructure - Sustainable Development goal (...
This is the first half of Bookchin's first day delivering his lectures based upon his book, Urbanization Against Cities (later as 'From Urbanization to Cities'), at the Karl Polanyi Institute, Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, March 16, 1993. Check out http://new-compass.net/ for essays and analysis about Bookchin's ideas and influence.
American History: From Emancipation to the Present (AFAM 162) In this lecture, Professor Holloway documents the "Great Migration," beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century and continuing with increasing pace until the mid-1920s. During this time, black Americans relocated from the rural South to the urban North. This general shift in the population marked a moment of self-determination for African Americans, demonstrating that they were prepared to leave behind the lives they had made in the South for better opportunities elsewhere. It is important to see these migrations as a form of social protest against the limited political and economic opportunity in the South, racial violence, and the KKK, which was reborn and flourished in the early 1920s. As Professor Holloway revea...
Edward Glaeser, Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University, spoke with Paul Romer, Director of NYU's Marron Institute of Urban Management and Professor of Economics, in a public presentation on April 22. During the conversation, they discussed the challenges and realities of rapid urban development in the low and middle income countries. They also discussed the reasons why today's rapidly urbanizing countries are becoming urban at levels of income that are substantially lower than the historical levels of income at which high-income countries urbanized. The two professors examined the challenges of providing public services in fast growing cities characterized by limited government capacity. They considered some possibilities for increasing governmental capacity,...
Cities, as the physical locus of government and the economy, offer immense development potential as centers of economic opportunity, technology, and the exchange of ideas. As a result, urban areas in the developing world have grown exponentially in recent years. For many developing countries, however, there are several obstacles to overcome before cities can become truly investor-ready. Join us for a discussion on ways to foster policy and regulatory frameworks that enable cities in developing countries to strengthen governance, improve infrastructure, and provide equitable delivery of services in order to evolve into cities of opportunity. This event is held in partnership with PricewaterhouseCoopers, which recently published a collection of work on the multifaceted nature of urbanization...
In its massive transition from rural to urban, China is now facing daunting challenges of quality and efficiency. Paul Romer, NYU Stern Professor and Director of the Urbanization Project, will explore what lessons can be learned from China's urbanization experience. Paul Romer Professor of Economics Director of the Urbanization Project NYU Stern 2013 Global Alumni Conference in Shanghai June 22, 2013
Dr. Fareed Zakaria, Editor, TIME Magazine, speaks about the intersection of globalization and urbanization
In this episode of In Focus we explore urbanization in Africa with Prof. Ivan Turok, the Executive Director of the Economic Performance and Development, Human Sciences Research Council (EPD-HSRC). Prof. Turok is a Honorary Professor at the Universities of Cape Town and Glasgow, and has a PhD in Economics, MSc in Planning and BSc in Geography. Before returning to South Africa and joining the HSRC in 2010 he was Professor and Research Director of the Department of Urban Studies at Glasgow University. Prof. Turok's fields of expertise include the spatial economy (regions, cities and neighbourhoods), local labour markets and economic development. His research on unemployment, regional development, city competitiveness, urban regeneration and spatial inequalities is highly cited international...