The Brazilian Army is the land arm of the Brazilian Armed Forces. The Brazilian Army has fought in several international conflicts, mostly in South America and during the 19th century, such as the Brazilian War of Independence (1822-23), Cisplatine War (1825-28), War of the Farrapos (1835-45), Platine War (1851-52), Uruguayan War (1864-65) and the Paraguayan War (1864-70). It has also participated on the side of the Allies at World War I and World War II.

In principle, the Brazilian Constitution designates the 400,000-strong Brazilian military police as a reserve force of the Army, although in practice they remain separate entities.

The Brazilian Army was created during the process of the independence of Brazil from Portugal, in 1822, with the units of the Portuguese Army in Brazil that have remained loyal to Prince Dom Pedro. The Army was initially composed of Brazilians, Portuguese and foreign mercenaries. Most of its commanders, were Portuguese officers loyal to Dom Pedro.

Along 1822 and 1823, the Brazilian Army was able to defeat the Portuguese resistance (especially in Bahia and Cisplatina) and also avoid a fragmentation of the then new Brazilian Empire after its independence war.