- published: 12 Mar 2012
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The Lievens (Latvian Līveni; Swedish Liewen) are one of the oldest and noblest families of Baltic Germans. They claim descent from Caupo of Turaida (Latvian, Kaupo), the Livonian quasi rex who converted to Christianity in 1186, when Bishop Meinhard attempted to Christianize the region. Henrici Chronicon Lyvoniae tells that Caupo in winter 1203-1204 went to Rome with Theodoric, a Cistercian Monk (who was to become the founder of the Swordbrothers , then the first bishop of Estonia). They were received by the Pope Innocent III who backed up their plans to Christianize Livonia. According to feudal records, the Lieven ancestor Gerardus Līvo (1269) and his son Johannes (1296) entered service as vassals to the archbishop of Rīga. One of Caupo's daughters married an ancestor of the barons, then earls Ungern-Sternberg.
Caupo's grandson, Nicholas, was the first to spell his name Lieven.
Reinhold Liewen, the Swedish governor of Oesel (Saaremaa), in 1653 was made a baron together with his brother, whose son - Baron Hans-Heinrich von Liewen - accompanied Charles XII in all his campaigns and expeditions. Among Reinhold's descendants, one branch settled in Courland and was recognized in 1801 as in the Holy Roman Empire. Johann-Christoph von Lieven was the first member of the family to gain distinction in the Russian service: he served as Governor of Arkhangelsk under Catherine the Great and as General of Infantry under Emperor Paul.
Peter Paul Anatol Lieven (28 June 1960) is a British author, journalist, and policy analyst. He is presently a Senior Researcher (Bernard L. Schwartz fellow and American Strategy Program fellow) at the New America Foundation, where he focuses on US global strategy and the War on Terrorism, Associated Scholar of the Transnational Crisis Project, Chair of International Relations and Terrorism Studies at King's College London.
Between 2000 and 2005, he was a Senior Associate for Foreign and Security policy at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Previously a journalist with the Financial Times covering Central Europe, with The Times (London) covering Pakistan, Afghanistan, the former Soviet Union, and Russia (including the First Chechen War), and wrote from India as a freelancer. He has also served as an editor at the International Institute for Strategic studies in London, where he worked for the Eastern Services of the BBC. He received a B.A. in history and a doctorate in political science from Jesus College, Cambridge.
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