- published: 24 Mar 2013
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Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley, OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, songwriter, musician, and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim. Starting out in 1963 with the group The Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee "Scratch" Perry.
After the Wailers disbanded in 1974, Marley pursued a solo career upon his relocation to England that culminated in the release of the album Exodus in 1977, which established his worldwide reputation and produced his status as one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, with sales of more than 75 million records.Exodus stayed on the British album charts for fifty-six consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love". In 1978 he released the album Kaya, which included the hit singles "Is This Love" and "Satisfy My Soul".
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is an American politician who served as the 47th Governor of Texas from December 2000 to January 2015. A Republican, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was the longest-serving governor in Texas state history.
Perry was elected to full gubernatorial terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010 and is the fourth Texas governor (after Allan Shivers, Price Daniel and John Connally) to serve three terms. With a tenure in office of 14 years, 30 days, Perry was, at the time he left office, the second longest-serving current U.S. governor (after Terry Branstad of Iowa). Perry served as chairman of the Republican Governors Association in 2008 and again in 2011. In July 2013, Perry announced that he was retiring as governor and would not seek re-election in 2014.
On August 15, 2014, Perry was indicted on two felony charges related to his actions as governor. The charge against Perry of "coercion of a public servant" was dismissed in July 2015 when an appellate court ruled the statute unconstitutional. As of November 2015, Perry still faces one charge of "abuse of official capacity" in relation to his veto of funding for a state district attorney's office.
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American politician and lawyer who has been serving as the 39th Governor of California since 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, Brown previously served as the 34th Governor from 1975 to 1983, and is the longest-serving governor in California history. Prior to and following his first governorship, Brown served in numerous state, local and party positions, including three times a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.
As the only son of Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr., the 32nd Governor of California (1959–1967), Jerry Brown himself began his political career as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971) before serving as Secretary of State of California (1971–1975). Elected Governor in 1974 at age 36, Brown was the youngest California governor in 111 years. He ran for his party's nomination in the 1976 presidential election, finishing second in popular vote, and a distant third in the convention vote, which was won by Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Brown was re-elected Governor in 1978 and ran against fellow Democrat and incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 primaries. While challengers to incumbent presidents seldom gain traction, the challenge by Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts did, leaving Brown without any significant support.