Salvatore is an Italian (especially Southern Italian) name that means "savior".

People[link]

• Salvatore Accardo (born 1941), Italian violin virtuoso and conductor
• Salvatore Adamo (born 1943), singer, composer
• Salvatore Allegra (1898–1993), Italian composer
• Salvatore Antibo (born 1962), Italian long-distance runner
• Salvatore Bettiol (born 1961), Italian long-distance runner
• Salvatore "Bill" Bonanno (1932–2008), son of Mafia boss Joseph Bonanno
• Salvatore Bruno (born 1979), Italian football (soccer) striker
• Salvatore Cassano (born 1945), fire chief of New York City, New York
• Salvatore Contorno (born 1946), former Mafioso and state witness
• Salvatore Cuffaro (born 1958), Italian politician
• Salvatore D'Aquila (1877–1928), New York City Mafia boss
• Salvatore da Horta (1520–1567), Spanish saint
• Salvatore Ferragamo (1898–1960), fashion designer
• Salvatore Giuliano (1922–1950)
• Salvatore Giunta (born 1985), US Army staff sergeant and a recipient of the Medal of Honor
• Salvatore Greco (disambiguation)
• Salvatore Inzerillo (1944–1981), Sicilian Mafioso
• Salvatore Lima (1928–1992), Italian politician
• Salvatore Lo Piccolo (born 1942), also known as the Baron (il Barone), Sicilian mafioso
• Salvatore Lucania (1897–1962), also known as Charlie 'Lucky' Luciano, Sicilian-American mafioso
• Salvatore Maranzano (1886–1931), Sicilian-American Mafioso
• Salvatore Massaro (Eddie Lang) (1902–1933), jazz guitarist
• Salvatore Mineo (1939–1976), actor
• Salvatore Montagna (born 1971) as of 2006, the reputed acting boss of the Bonanno crime family
• Salvatore Pincherle (1853–1936), Italian mathematician
• Salvatore Quasimodo (1901–1968), Italian author and poet
• Salvatore Riina (born 1930), Sicilian mafioso
• Sal Rinauro (born 1982), professional wrestler
• Salvatore Schillaci (born 1964), Italian football (soccer) player
• Salvatore Vasapolli (born 1955), photographer, artist
• Salvatore Viganò (1769–1821), Italian choreographer, dancer and composer
• Dominic Salvatore Gentile (1920−1951), United States Army Air Forces officer
• John Romita, Jr. (middle name Salvatore) (born 1956), comic artist

Places[link]

• San Salvatore, disambiguation page

Other[link]

• Salvatore, a character in the novel The Name of the Rose
• Salvatore Leone, one of the characters featured in video games of Grand Theft Auto (series)
• Salvatore "Sal" Romano, Sterling Cooper's art director in the AMC dramatic television series Mad Men
• Salvatore "Sal" Paradise, protagonist in the novel On the Road by Jack Kerouac

As a last name[link]

• R. A. Salvatore (born 1959), fiction writer
• Damon and Stefan Salvatore, vampires from The Vampire Diaries (novel series)

See also[link]

• Salvator (disambiguation), a Latin word meaning savior
• Salvador (disambiguation), a Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese word meaning savior

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2010)

Salvatore Adamo
Salvatore Adamo
Born	(1943-11-01) 1 November 1943 (age 68) Comiso, Italy
Nationality	Belgian/Italian
Other names	Adamo
Occupation	songwriter

Salvatore, Knight Adamo, simply known as Adamo (born 1 November 1943, Comiso, Sicily, Italy) is a Belgian – Italian composer and singer of ballads, mainly in French, but also in other languages such as German, Italian and Spanish. He had commercial success during the 1960s and 1970s, mostly in Europe, the Middle East and Latin America, but also in Japan and the United States. Now he lives in Belgium. He is of Sicilian/Italian ancestry.

Biography[link]

His father Antonio, a well digger, emigrated to Belgium in February 1947 to work in the mines of Marcinelle, and in June of the same year, his wife, Concetta, a housewife, and their son Adamo joined him in the town of Ghlin (Mons) before moving to Jemappes (Mons). In 1950, Adamo was bedridden for a year with meningitis. Adamo’s parents did not want their son to become a miner, so Adamo went to a Catholic school run by the Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes. By 1960, the family of Antonio and Concetta Adamo had seven children overall. Adamo grew up in Jemappes (Mons) where he was a dedicated student at school and distinguished himself in Music and the arts, in general, from an early age, making an impression with his singing abilities. At the end of the 1960s, Adamo married Nicole. Their son, Anthony, was born in 1969, while in the 1980s Benjamin and then Amélie were born. At the height of Adamo's stardom, his father died by drowning on 7 August 1966.

In 1984, Adamo had heart problems which necessitated a heart bypass operation and a temporary though total withdrawal from work. Since 1993, he has been an honorary UNICEF ambassador from Belgium and, in this capacity, has visited countries such as Vietnam, Lebanon, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and others. In 2001, Adamo was named a chevalier by Albert II, King of the Belgians. In 2004, health problems forced Adamo to cancel a scheduled tour but, since 2007, he is touring again. Recently. he has performed in Espinho, Portugal and Bucharest, Romania (in December 2011).

There are versions of "Tombe la Neige", (one of his many international hits) in Bulgarian, Turkish, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Chinese (Cantopop).

His sister Délizia is also an artist. Adamo wrote a number of songs for his sister including her debut hit "Prend le chien" in 1974. She also joined him in his tour in 1975.

Career[link]

Adamo's early influences were the poetry of Victor Hugo, the music of French crooners such as Jacques Prévert or Georges Brassens, and the Italian canzonette. He started singing and composing his own songs from an early age. His debut was in a Radio Luxembourg competition, where he participated as singer and composer of the song "Si j'osais" ("If I dared") winning the competition's final held in Paris, in 14 February 1960.

Adamo's first hit was "Sans toi, ma mie", in 1963, from his debut album 63/64. He followed this with a series of hits, "Tombe la neige" ("The snow falls"), "Vous permettez Monsieur" ("May I, Sir"), "La Nuit" ("The Night") (1964), "Dolce Paola" ("Sweet Paola"), "Les Filles du bord de mer" ("The girls at the beach"), "Mes mains sur tes hanches" ("My hands on your hips") (1965), "Ton Nom" ("Your Name"), "Une meche de cheveux" ("Lock of hair") (1966), "Une larme aux nuages" ("A tear to the clouds"), "Inch'Allah" (1967), "L'amour te ressemble" ("Love resembles you") (1967), "Notre roman" ("Our novel") (1967), "F... comme femme" ("W... like woman") (1968), "A demain sur la lune" ("See you tomorrow on the moon"), "Petit bonheur" ("Small happiness") (1969), "Va mon bateau" ("My boat goes"), "Les belles dames" ("Beautiful ladies") (1970), "J'avais oublié que les roses sont roses" ("I had forgotten that the roses are pink") (1971), "C'est ma vie" ("It's my life") (1975). Other notable songs included "Manuel", "Si Tu Etais", "Les Collines De Rabiah", "J'Te Lache Plus", "Mourir Dans Tes Bras", and "Ce George(s)".

The self-penned "Petit bonheur" sold over one million copies by April 1970, and was awarded a gold disc.^[1]

Amália Rodrigues recorded "Inch'Allah" in French. Adamo briefly attempted movie acting when he was cast in the film Les Arnaud (1967), which starred Bourvil.

He has recorded in many languages and, besides France and Belgium, had hits in Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Turkey and also in Japan, where he toured repeatedly. Adamo has had hits and toured also in Latin America and throughout the Middle East. In Chile, the audience awarded him an appreciation prize known as the "Antorcha" (Gold and Silver Torch) at the "Festival de Viña del Mar" held yearly in the "Quinta Vergara", at the seaside resort of Viña del Mar, where he once had to sing in three different, sold-out venues in the same night.^[2]

In the 1980s, Adamo's career faltered, as the style of his music was no longer fashionable. Since the 1990s, however, and on the crest of a nostalgia wave, Adamo has successfully resumed composing, issuing records and touring, starting with a full season at the Casino de Paris venue in April 1990.

Adamo has sold over 100 million copies of recordings worldwide.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1998 Regards
• 2001 Par les temps qui courent
• 2003 Zanzibar
• 2007 La part de l'ange
• 2008 Le bal des gens bien (Duets, remakes of his songs)
• 2010 De Toi à Moi

Compilation albums[link]

• 2002 Les mots de l’âme
• 2003 C'est Ma Vie - L'intégrale 63/75
• 2004 Un soir au Zanzibar (live)
• 2005 Platinum Collection

Live albums[link]

• 1965 : Live à l'Olympia
• 1967 : Live à l'Olympia
• 1969 : Live à l'Olympia
• 1971 : Live à l'Olympia
• 1977 : Live à l'Olympia

DVDs[link]

• 2004 : Un soir au Zanzibar (live)

Publications[link]

• 1980: Le Charmeur d'Océans (preface by Raymond Devos - éditions Claude de la Lande)
• 1993: Les Mots de l'Ame (éditions Anne Sigier)
• 2001: Le Souvenir du Bonheur Est Encore du Bonheur (éditions Albin Michel)
• 2001: À Ceux Qui Rêvent Encore (éditions Albin Michel)

Bibliography[link]

Adamo - C'est sa vie, Thierry Coljon *fr:Thierry Coljon, éditions du Félin (France), 2003

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Adamo Italian website
• To see numbers of albums and individual sold

Ron Perlman
Perlman at 2011 Comic-Con
Born	Ronald N. Perlman (1950-04-13) April 13, 1950 (age 62) New York City, New York, United States
Occupation	Actor/Voice actor
Years active	1981–present
Spouse	Opal Perlman (m. 1981) «start: (1981)»"Marriage: Opal Perlman to Ron Perlman" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Ron_Perlman)

Ronald N. "Ron" Perlman^[1] (born April 13, 1950) is an American television, film and voice actor. He is known for having played Vincent in the TV series Beauty and the Beast (for which he won a Golden Globe), a Deathstroke figure known as Slade in the animated series Teen Titans, Clarence "Clay" Morrow in Sons of Anarchy, the comic book character Hellboy in both the film of that name, and the sequel, and as the narrator of the post-apocalyptic game series, Fallout. In 2010 he provided the voice of the Stabbington brothers in Tangled, Disney's animated film adaptation of "Rapunzel". He is currently the narrator of the television series 1000 Ways to Die on Spike.^[2]

Early life[link]

Perlman was born in Washington Heights, New York to a Jewish family.^[3][4] His mother, Dorothy, was a municipal employee, and his father was a jazz drummer and repairman.^[5] Perlman stated in a 1988 interview that "It was not a bad childhood but...I had a perception of myself that was, I was terribly overweight as a young kid, and it was sort of a low self image."^[6] Perlman continued to say that this experience is one thing that attracts him to "playing these sorts of deformed people who are very endearing".

He attended George Washington High School and later Lehman College in New York City in 1971, which did not have a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Theatre at that time. He has said that he and his father were "very close", and that it was his father, after seeing Perlman in a college production of Guys and Dolls, who told Perlman, "You have to do this... You understand this? You gotta do this." Perlman says, "So, he gave me permission to be an actor...wow."^[7] Perlman attended the University of Minnesota, where he graduated with a master's degree in theater arts in 1973.^[1]

Career[link]

Perlman made his feature film debut in Jean-Jacques Annaud's film Quest for Fire (1981). After various minor and supporting roles in films and television series, his breakthrough role came when he played Vincent in the TV series Beauty and the Beast, opposite Linda Hamilton from 1987 to 1990. This earned him a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series in 1989.^[8]

He went on to play roles in many films and television series throughout the 1980s and 1990s as well as the 2000s. His most notable film appearances were in films such as The Name of the Rose (1986), Romeo is Bleeding (1993), The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993), Police Academy: Mission to Moscow (1994), The Last Supper (1995), The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996), Alien Resurrection (1997), Enemy at the Gates (2001), Blade II and Star Trek Nemesis (both 2002) and two Stephen King story-to-movie adaptations, Sleepwalkers and Desperation. His appearances in television series include Highlander: The Series, The Outer Limits and The Magnificent Seven.

He played his first leading film role in 1995, when he played "One" in Jean-Pierre Jeunet and Marc Caro's French-language The City of Lost Children. In 2003, Perlman starred in a commercial for Stella Artois beer. This commercial, which was called "Devil's Island,"^[9] won a Silver Award at the 2003 British Advertising Awards.^[10][11] He got another leading film role in 2004 when he played the title role in the comic book adaptation Hellboy. Perlman reprised his role as Hellboy in Hellboy II: The Golden Army, released on July 11, 2008.

In 2008, Perlman joined the cast of the TV show Sons of Anarchy on FX. He played Clay Morrow, the president of the motorcycle club and the protagonist's stepfather.

Roles that required make-up[link]

He is known for playing roles which require make-up, some to the point where his entire body is covered or his face requires full facial prosthetics. Some examples include his first film role in Quest for Fire, where he played a neanderthal, The Name of the Rose where he plays a disfigured hunchback, Beauty and The Beast, where he played Vincent, a man with the face of a half-man half-lion-like beast, The Island of Dr. Moreau where he plays a half man/half animal, Star Trek Nemesis in which he plays a cave-fish-like alien and the Hellboy films where he plays a demon. He even gave his Beauty and The Beast co-star Armin Shimerman advice when Shimerman was going to be in full-facial prosthetics as Quark for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.^[12]

Voice-over work[link]

Perlman also has a successful career as a voice actor in addition to his onscreen acting, having portrayed characters in numerous video games and animated series. These include Casper High teacher Mr. Lancer in Danny Phantom, Kurtis Stryker in Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm, Justice in Afro Samurai and various characters in DC Comics based series such as the villainous Slade, a version of DC character Deathstroke the Terminator, in the Teen Titans animated series, Clayface in Batman: The Animated Series, Jax-Ur in Superman: The Animated Series, Orion in Justice League and Justice League Unlimited, Killer Croc, Rumor, Bane in The Batman and Doctor Double X in Batman: The Brave and the Bold.

His video game credits include Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood, who commands Earth's space defenses against the Covenant in the games Halo 2 and Halo 3, Jagger Valance in The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay, and Batman in Justice League Heroes. He is well known by Fallout fans for narrating the introductory movies in the series, including uttering the famous phrase "War. War never changes." He also voices "Slade" in the 2008 Turok game, and Emil Blonsky/Abomination in Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction, Conan for the PS3 and Xbox 360, and voices the fast-talking Mayor Hoodoo Brown in the Neversoft game Gun.

Personal life[link]

He has been married to Opal Perlman since February 14, 1981; they have two children, a daughter, Blake Amanda (born 1984), and a son, Brandon Avery (born 1990). Perlman has volunteered as an actor with the Young Storytellers Program.

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

Perlman at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival

• Quest for Fire (1981) – Amoukar
• The Ice Pirates (1984) – Zeno
• The Name of the Rose (1986) – Salvatore
• Sleepwalkers (1992) – Captain Soames
• Cronos (1993) – Angel De La Guardia
• Romeo Is Bleeding (1993) – Jack's attorney
• When the Bough Breaks (1993) - Dr. Douglas Eben
• The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993) – Pap Finn
• Double Exposure (1994) – John McClure
• Police Academy: Mission to Moscow (1994) – Konstantine Konali
• The City of Lost Children (1995) – One
• The Adventures of Captain Zoom in Outer Space (1995) (TV) – Lord Vox
• The Last Supper (1995) – Norman Arbuthnot
• Fluke (1995) – Sylvester
• The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996) – Sayer of the Law
• The Second Civil War (1997) (TV) – Alan Manieski
• Prince Valiant (1997) – Boltar
• Alien Resurrection (1997) – Johner
• I Woke Up Early the Day I Died (1998) – Cemetery Caretaker
• Frogs for Snakes (1998) - Gascone
• Happy, Texas (1999) – Marshal Nalhober
• Primal Force (1999) – Frank Brodie
• The Trial of Old Drum (2000) – Charles Burden Sr.
• Operation Sandman (2000) – Dr. Harlan Jessup
• Price of Glory (2000) – Nick Everson
• Stroke (2000) – Schumaker
• Down (aka The Shaft) (2001) – Mitchell
• Enemy at the Gates (2001) – Koulikov
• Blade II (2002) – Dieter Reinhardt
• Crime and Punishment (2002) – Dusharo
• Star Trek Nemesis (2002) – Reman Viceroy
• Hoodlum & Son (2003) – 'Ugly' Jim McCrae
• Absolon (2003) – Murchison
• Two Soldiers (2003) – Colonel McKellog
• Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003) – VP for Never Learning
• Hellboy (2004) – Hellboy
• Missing in America (2005) – Red
• Local Color (2006) – Curtis Sunday
• The Last Winter (2006) – Ed Pollack
• Desperation (2006) (TV) – Deputy Collie Entragian
• 5ive Girls (2006) – Father Drake
• In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale (2007) – Norick
• Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008) – Hellboy
• Mutant Chronicles (2008) – Brother Samuel
• Outlander (2008) – Gunnar
• Uncross the Stars (2008) – Bobby Walden
• The Devil's Tomb (2009) – Wesley
• Dark Country (2009) – Deputy Thompson
• I Sell The Dead (2009) – Father Duffy
• The Job (2009) – Jim
• Killer by Nature (2010) Dr. Julian
• Acts of Violence (2010) – Priest Bill
• Bunraku (2010) – Nicola
• Crave (2010) – Pete
• Season of the Witch (2011) – Felson
• Conan the Barbarian (2011) – Corin
• Drive (2011) - Nino
• Dark Star Hollow (2011) - Sgt. Alex Napier
• The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012) - Horus
• Frankie Go Boom (2012) - Phil
• Pacific Rim (2013)

Television[link]

• Our Family Honor (1985) – Bausch
• Miami Vice (1986) – John Ruger (one episode)
• Beauty and the Beast (1987–1990) – Vincent
• Arly Hanks (1993) – Jim-Bob Buchanan
• Highlander: The Series (1996) – The Messenger (one episode)
• A Town Has Turned to Dust (1998) – Jerry Paul
• The Outer Limits (1998) – Lt. Col. Brandon Grace (one episode)
• The Magnificent Seven (1998–2000) – Josiah Sanchez
• Charmed (2000) – Mr Kellerman (one episode)
• The Tick (2001) – Fiery Blaze (one episode)
• Masters of Horror (2006) – Dwayne Burcell (one episode)
• Sons of Anarchy (2008–present) – Clay Morrow
• 1000 Ways to Die (2009–present) – Narrator

Voice work[link]

• Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1993) (TV series) – Clayface
• Animaniacs (1993) (TV series) – Satan, Sgt. Sweete
• Phantom 2040 (1994) (TV series) – Graft
• Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm (1995) (TV series) – Kurtis Stryker
• Fantastic Four (1995) (TV series) – Wizard, Hulk
• Aladdin (1994) (TV series) – Arbutus
• Iron Man (1995) (TV series) – Dr. Bruce Banner/The Hulk
• Chronomaster (1995) (video game) – Rene Korda
• Hey Arnold! (1996) (TV series) – Mickey Kaline
• Duckman (1996) (TV series) Roland Thompson
• The New Batman Adventures (1997–1998) (TV series) – Clayface
• Fallout (1997) (video game) – Narrator
• Fallout 2 (1998) (video game) – Narrator
• An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (1998) (film) – Grasping
• Superman: The Animated Series (1999) (TV series) – Jax-Ur
• Titan A.E. (2000) (film) – Professor Sam Tucker
• Icewind Dale: Heart of Winter (2001) (video game) – Wylfdene
• Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel (2001) (video game) – Narrator
• Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu (2003) (video game) – Clayface
• True Crime: Streets of LA (2003) (video game) – Misha
• Lords of EverQuest (2003) (video game) – Lord Skass
• Static Shock (2003) (TV series) – Heavyman/Koenig
• Justice League Unlimited (2004–2006) (TV series) – Clayface, Orion
• Teen Titans (2003–2006) (TV series) – Slade
• The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay (2004) (video game) – Jagger Valance
• Danny Phantom (2004–2007) (TV series) – Mr. Lancer
• Halo 2 (2004) (video game) – Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood
• Gun (2005) (video game) – Mayor Hoodoo Brown
• Tarzan II (2005) (film) – Kago
• The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (2005) (video game) – Emil Blonsky/The Abomination
• Teen Titans (2005) (video game) – Slade
• The Batman (2005) (TV series) – Killer Croc, Rumor
• Scooby-Doo! in Where's My Mummy? (2005) (film) – Hotep/Ancient One #2
• The Outfit (2005) (video game) – Tommy Mac
• Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy! (2006) (film) – Captain Skunkbeard/Biff Wellington
• Justice League Heroes (2006) (video game) – Bruce Wayne/Batman
• Hellboy: Sword of Storms (2006) (film) – Hellboy
• Afro Samurai (2007) (TV series) – Justice
• Kim Possible (2007) (TV series) – Worhok
• Hellboy: Blood and Iron (2007) (film) – Hellboy
• Battle for Terra (2007) (film) – Elder Vorin
• Halo 3 (2007) (video game) – Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood
• Conan (2007) (video game) – Conan of Cimmeria
• Avatar: The Last Airbender (2007) (TV series) – Fire Lord Sozin
• Turok (2008) (video game) – Slade
• City of Thieves (2008) (audio book) – Narrator
• Hellboy: The Science of Evil (2008) (video game) – Hellboy
• Spirit of the Forest (2008) (film) – Oak
• Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008) (TV series) – Gha Nachkt
• Fallout 3 (2008) (video game) – Narrator
• Afro Samurai (2009) (video game) – Justice
• The Strain (2009) (audio book) – Narrator
• Archer (2010) (TV series) – Ramon Limon
• Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2010) (TV series) – Doctor Double X
• Fallout: New Vegas (2010) (video game) – Narrator
• The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (2010) (TV series) – Bi-Beast and The Mandarin
• Tangled (2010) (film) – Stabbington Brothers
• Adventure Time (2011–present) (TV series) – The Lich

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ron Perlman

• Ron Perlman at the Internet Movie Database
• Ron Perlman at AllRovi
• Ron Perlman at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
• Ron Perlman interview
• Ron Perlman at Rotten Tomatoes

Salvatore Accardo playing during his prize-giving of "Premio Leonardo" and "Qualità Italia", Palazzo del Quirinale, Roma (Italy), 21/9/2000

Salvatore Accardo (Italian pronunciation: [salvaˈtoːre akˈkardo]; born September 26, 1941 in Turin, northern Italy) is an Italian violinist and conductor.

He is particularly noted for his interpretations of Paganini, J. S. Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, contemporary works, chamber music, and opera conducting.

Accardo studied violin in the southern Italian city of Naples in the 1950s. He gave his first professional recital at the age of 13 performing Paganini's Capricci. In 1956 Accardo won the Geneva Competition and in 1958 became the first prize winner of the Paganini Competition in Genoa.

He has recorded Paganini's 24 Caprices (re-recorded in 1999) for solo violin and was the first violinist to record all six of the violin concerti by Paganini . He has an extensive discography of almost 50 recordings on Philips, DG, EMI, Sony Classical, Foné, Dynamic, and Warner-Fonit. Notably, he has recorded an album of classical and contemporary works in 1995 on Paganini's Guarneri del Gesù 1742 violin, the "Canon".

Accardo founded the Accardo Quartet in 1992 and he was one of the founders of the Walter Stauffer Academy in 1986. He founded the Settimane Musicali Internazionali in Naples and the Cremona String Festival in 1971, and in 1996, he re-founded the Orchestra da Camera Italiana (O.C.I.), whose members are the best pupils of the Walter Stauffer Academy. He performed the music of Paganini for the soundtrack of the 1989 film Kinski Paganini. In the 1970s he was a member of the celebrated Italian chamber orchestra "I Musici".

Accardo owns one Stradivarius violin, the "Hart ex Francescatti" (1727) and had the "Firebird ex Saint-Exupéry" (1718).

External links[link]

• Additional biographical information
• Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks

Salvatore Giuliano (November 16, 1922 – July 5, 1950) was a Sicilian peasant, a separatist and, according to some sources a bandit who was mythologised during his life and after his death.^[1] He has been compared to Robin Hood in popular culture, owing to the stories about him helping the poor villagers in his area by taking from the rich and redistributing the spoils.^[2]

As a member of the Sicilian Independence Movement, Giuliano actively pursued efforts aimed at achieving the independence Sicily from the Italian government. His story attracted attention in the media worldwide, partly due to his good looks. An account of his endeavours appeared in Time Magazine in 1950.^[3]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Salvatore Giuliano was born in Montelepre within the Province of Palermo as the fourth child of Salvatore and Maria Giuliano. As a child he was nicknamed Turiddu or Turi. He had a decent primary education, but limited by Sicilian class strictures, went to work on his father's land at the age of 13.

He transported olive oil and worked as a telephone repairman and on road construction. Giuliano was due to be called up to the Italian army, but the Allied invasion of Sicily prevented his actual enlistment. He became involved in the wartime black market and was armed in case of attacks from bandits.

Rise to infamy[link]

On September 2, 1943, he killed a Sicilian carabiniere at a checkpoint near Quattro Molini while transporting illegally purchased grain. He left his identity papers at the scene and was wounded when a carabiniere shot him twice as he was running away, it was then that he returned fire and killed the carabiniere. His family sent him to Palermo to have the bullet removed. In late December, a number of residents of Montelepre, including Giuliano's father, were arrested during a police raid. Giuliano helped some of them escape from prison in Monreale, and a number of the freed men stayed with him.

In the Sagana mountains, Giuliano collected a gang of approximately fifty bandits, criminals, deserters, and homeless men under his leadership and gave them military-style marksmanship training. The gang took to robbery and burglary for the money they needed for food and weapons. When carabinieri came to look for them, they were met with accurate submachinegun fire.

He also joined a Sicilian separatist group, Sicilian Independence Movement (MIS), which included members of very different political views, such as revolutionary socialist Antonio Canepa, centrist Giovanni Guarino Amella, right-wingers, most of them aristocrats, such as baron Lucio Tasca and duke Guglielmo Paternò, as well as some members with close ties to the Mafia, and outright Mafiosi such as Calogero Vizzini.

The union between Giuliano and separatist leaders came to fruition in the latter part of 1945. Giuliano entered the armed branch of the movement, EVIS (Esercito Volontario per l'Indipendenza della Sicilia, Volunteer Army for the Independence of Sicily), as a colonel and was promised that in the event of a separatist victory, he would be pardoned for his crimes and appointed to some position in the newly independent state. Defenders of the Giuliano-separatist alliance justified the agreement by claiming that Giuliano had been forced to become a bandit by the cruelty and injustice of the Italian state. Although an EVIS commander, Giuliano remained cautious about subordinating himself to the movement's leadership.^[5]

Giuliano led small-scale attacks on government and police targets in the name of this movement. He supported the MIS and the similar MASCA with funds for the 1946 elections, in which both groups did poorly. Reputedly, Giuliano himself would have liked to have seen Sicily become a state within the United States of America. He sent president Harry S. Truman a letter in which he urged him to annex Sicily.

Giuliano remained a long term problem for authorities. He continued to fight the Italian government in the name of the separatist movement. His attacks gained worldwide attention and made him a legend. In January 1946, at Montedoro, Giuliano and his band fought a brutal battle with authorities in which perhaps a thousand separatists took part. His actions kept alive the vision of Sicilian independence accomplished through the force of arms. Police and military forces were unable to destroy Giuliano’s EVIS formations. In fact, with the aid of the peasants – many of whom saw Giuliano as a sort of Robin Hood – and the landowners – who feared him – Giuliano continued to operate almost untouched.^[7]

Giuliano also fostered a number of myths around himself. One tale tells how he discovered a postal worker was stealing letters that contained money Sicilian families had sent to their relatives in the USA; he killed the postal worker and assured the letters continued to their correct destinations. When he robbed the duchess of Pratameno, he left her with her wedding ring and borrowed a book she was reading; he returned it later with compliments. He fostered cooperation of poor tenant farmers by sending them money and food. Contrary to some claims, he was not a Mafioso.

Portella della Ginestra massacre[link]

As more separatist leaders were arrested, his funds became limited and he was forced to find new sources of supply. He eventually alienated himself from the peasants and became a tool of the landowners and conservatives. In this role he was manipulated to slaughter innocent peasants in the name of halting Communism in May 1947.^[7] In 1947, with his group steadily shrinking, he turned to kidnapping for ransom and turned regular profits. Also in that year there were more elections, following a limited victory for socialist-communist groups.

After receiving a mysterious letter from an unknown source, Giuliano led his remaining men on a raid to the mountain pass Portella della Ginestra on May 1, intending to capture Sicily's most prominent communist, Girolamo Li Causi. However, the event turned into a massacre. Fourteen civilians, including a woman and three children, were killed and more than 30 wounded. Giuliano himself (who fired no shots) stated he ordered his band to fire above the heads of the crowd hoping they would disperse. Some sources accuse the Mafia of infiltrating it and claim mafiosi instead shot at the crowd causing the massacre.^[8]

The incident created a national scandal,^[9] which ended in 1956 with the conviction of the remaining members of the band.^[10] It still remains a highly controversial topic, especially with regard to the contents of the letter Giuliano received before it; the finger of blame has been pointed at numerous sources, including the Italian government, which had long sought to destroy the famous bandit.^[8] Leftists who were the victims of the attack have blamed the landed barons and the Mafia; significantly, the memorial plaque erected by them makes no mention of Giuliano or his band:^[8]

On May 1, 1947, here on the rock of Barbato, celebrating the working class festival [...] people of Piana degli Albanesi, San Giuseppe Jato and San Cipirello [...] fell under the ferocious barbarity of the bullets of the Mafia and the landed barons [...]

—Portella della Ginestra memorial plaque

Decline and death[link]

Giuliano continued to work against socialist groups whenever he had the opportunity but by 1948 his popular support was ebbing. Locals and even the Mafia were less willing to aid him and helped the police, despite his tendency to kill suspected informers. Giuliano dared police by sending them boisterous letters about himself and dining in Palermo restaurants and leaving a note about his presence with a tip. The reward for his capture was doubled, and a special police force was instituted to suppress banditry. 300 carabinieri attacked his mountain stronghold, but most of his gang escaped. On August 14, 1949 Giuliano's men exploded mines under a convoy of police vehicles near the Bellolampo barracks outside Palermo, killing seven Carabinieri and wounding 11.^[11] As a result, the Italian government dispatched an additional 1000 troops to Western Sicily, with all troops under the command of Colonel Ugo Luca.

On July 5, 1950, Giuliano was shot in Castelvetrano. According to police, carabinieri captain Antonio Perenze shot him as he was resisting arrest.^[3] However, the investigative reporter Tommaso Besozzi from the weekly news magazine L'Europeo soon exposed the official version as fiction; the headline read: "The only thing certain is that he is dead".^[12][13] Gaspare Pisciotta, Giuliano's lieutenant, claimed later that police had promised him a pardon and reward if he would kill Giuliano.^[14] Giuliano's mother Maria reportedly believed this story. Pisciotta died four years later in prison from poisoning, after ingesting 20 centigrams of strychnine, hidden in a cup of tea.^[15]

At the trial for the Portella della Ginestra massacre, Gaspare Pisciotta had said: "Those who have made promises to us are called Bernardo Mattarella, Prince Alliata, the monarchist MP Marchesano and also Signor Scelba, Minister for Home Affairs … it was Marchesano, Prince Alliata and Bernardo Mattarella who ordered the massacre of Portella di Ginestra. Before the massacre they met Giuliano…" However the MPs Mattarella, Alliata and Marchesano were declared innocent by the Court of Appeal of Palermo, at a trial which dealt with their alleged role in the event.^[11]

Doubts about Giuliano’s death[link]

Over the years doubts about Giuliano’s death have been expressed. According to some Giuliano fled from Sicily to Tunis and went on to live in the United States. The historian Giuseppe Casarrubea, son of one of the victims of Giuliano, compiled material to demonstrate that the body buried as Giuliano belonged to someone else. On October 15, 2010, the Public Prosecutor's Office in Palermo decided to exhume the body and compare its DNA with living relatives of Giuliano.^[16][17]

Dramatizations[link]

A film of his life, Salvatore Giuliano, was directed by Francesco Rosi in 1961. Novelist Mario Puzo published The Sicilian, a dramatized version of Giuliano's life, in 1984. The book was made into a film in 1987, directed by Michael Cimino and starring Christopher Lambert as Giuliano. An opera, Salvatore Giuliano, was composed in 1985 by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero and premiered on 25 January 1986 at Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. The libretto outlines in short, graphic scenes the network of intrigue between Sicilian independence activists, Mafia and State that surrounds, and eventually destroys, the bandit hero.

See also[link]

• Sicilian Independence Movement

References[link]

• Dickie, John (2004). Cosa Nostra. A history of the Sicilian Mafia, London: Coronet ISBN 0-340-82435-2
• Finkelstein, Monte S.(1998). Separatism, the Allies and the Mafia: The Struggle for Sicilian Independence, 1943-1948, Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press ISBN 0-934223-51-3
• Servadio, Gaia (1976), Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day, London: Secker & Warburg ISBN 0-436-44700-2
• Norman Lewis (2003). The Honoured Society: The Sicilian Mafia Observed Eland Publishing Ltd ISBN 978-0-907871-48-4

Bibliography[link]

• God Protect Me From My Friends. Gavin Maxwell (USA title: Bandit), Longmans, Green, London, 1956
• ”The Bandit Giuliano”, Eric Hobsbawm, New York Review of Books, 14 February 1985
• King of the Mountain. Billy Jaynes Chandler, Northern Illinois University Press, 1988

External links[link]

• (Italian) Blog di Giuseppe Casarrubea
• The true story of Salvatore Giuliano, based on the book by Giuseppe Sciortino Giuliano and Marianna Giuliano, the sister of Salvatore.
• Review of the film Salvatore Giuliano directed by Francesco Rosi by Derek Malcolm in The Guardian
• Bandit and Murderer, or Hero and Patriot? Biography of Salvatore Giuliano