- published: 06 Apr 2010
- views: 57651
A filename extension is a suffix (separated from the base filename by a dot) to the name of a computer file applied to indicate the encoding (file format) of its contents or usage. Examples of filename extensions are .png
, .exe
, .dmg
and .txt
.
Some file systems limit the length of the extension (such as the FAT file system not allowing more than three characters) while others (such as NTFS) do not. Unix filesystems accept the separator dot as a legal character.
Filename extensions can be considered a type of metadata. They are commonly used to imply information about the way data might be stored in the file. The exact definition, giving the criteria for deciding what part of the file name is its extension, belongs to the rules of the specific filesystem used; usually the extension is the substring which follows the last occurrence, if any, of the dot character (example txt
is the extension of the filename readme.txt
, html
the extension of mysite.index.html
). On file systems of mainframe systems such as MVS, VMS, and PC systems such as CP/M and derivative systems such as MS-DOS, the extension is a separate namespace from the filename. Under Microsoft's DOS and Windows, extensions such as EXE
, COM
or BAT
indicate that a file is a program executable. This is different from UNIX-like filesystems, where a suffix is not a separate namespace.
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