Kingdom (biology)

Divisions of Plant Kingdom

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• published: 29 May 2017
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All the plants belonging to various groups are classified under kingdom plant or plant kingdom . Based on the system of classification proposed by A.W.EICHLER(1875 -78) , the plant kingdom is divided into two sub - kingdoms . They are : 1. Cryptogamae . 2. Phanerogamae. CRYPTOGAMAE (cryptogams): This sub-kingdom is sub-divided into three divisions: (a) Thallophyta (b) Bryphyta (c) pteridophyta A. THALLOPHYTA (thallophytes): Thallophyta is the most primitive and the largest division of Cryptogams. The plant body is not differentiated into root , stem and leaves and such a plant body is termed as thallus . The thalloid plant body is either unicellular or multicellular. The division thallophyta is classified into two sub - divitions: (1) Algae and (2) Fungi 1. ALGAE: Alage are chlorophyll bearing thalloid , autotrophic and largely aqutotrophic and largely aquatic (fresh water and marine water) plants . They also occur in a variety of other habitats:moist stones ,soils wood .they are unicellular also occur in association wiht fungi to form Lichens. EXAMPLE: Spirogyra . (2)FUNGI: Fungi are achlorophyllous (non-green) heterotrophic thallophytes . They live as saprophytes with algae to form lichens. Some fungi grown in close association with roots o f vascular plants forming mycorrhizae. EXAMPEL:Rhizopus. B . BRYOPHTA(Bryophytes): Bryophytes are chlophytes are chlorophyllous , autotrophic, embryophic and atracheophytic cryptogams.They are mostly found on damp and shady places. They are called amphibians of plant kingdom. exampel;Funaria. C.PTERIDOPHYTA(pteridophytes): Pteridophytes are chlorophyllous, autotrophic embryophytic and tracheophytic cryptogams. They are the non flowering plants possesing vascular tissues . Hence they are called VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS. EXAMPEL:pteris. 1PHANEROGAMAE(phanerogams) : Phanerogams are flower bearing ,seed producing tracheoptytes . This sub kingdom has only one division SPERMATOPHYTA. 1) Gymnospermae and 2) Angiospermae 1) GYMNOSPERMAE (gymnosperms): Gymnosperms are phanerogams or spermatophytes without ovary and fruit . The seeds are naked without a fruit wall. EXAMPEL:cycas , pinus , Gnetum. 2)ANGIOSPERMAE(angiosperms):Angiosperms are the flowering plants in which the seeds are enclosed by fruits.The angiosperms are divided into two classes :the dicotyledons and the monocotylesons . DICOTYLEDONS : They have two cotyledon in their seeds . Example: Maize , sorghum ,etc . Teacher: Sarkar Abdullah Gulam For more visit: http://ikeworld.com Follow us: http://facebook.com/followikeworld Follow us: http://twitter.com/followikeworld © Ideal Knowledge & Education World