Padma is a major river in
Bangladesh. It is the main distributary of the
Ganges, flowing generally southeast for
120 kilometres (75 mi) to its confluence with the
Meghna River near the
Bay of Bengal. The city of
Rajshahi is situated on the banks of the river
The name Padma is given to the lower part of the course of the Ganges (
Ganga) below the
point of the off-take of the
Bhagirathi River (
India), another
Ganges River distributary also known as the
Hooghly River. Padma had, most probably, flowed through a number of channels at different times. Some authors contend that each distributary of the Ganges in its deltaic part is a remnant of an old principal channel, and that starting from the western-most one, the
Bhagirathi (in
West Bengal, India), each distributary to the east marks a position of a newer channel than the one to the west of it.
The places mentioned by Rennell proceeding from west to east are
Rampur Boali, the headquarters of
Rajshahi district,
Puthia and
Natore in the same district and Jaffarganj in the district of
Dhaka. The place last named were shown in a map of the
Mymensingh district dated 1861, as a subdistrict (thana) headquarters, about
10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of
Bera Upazila police station. It is now known as Payla Jaffarganj and is close to Elachipur opposite Goalunda. According to Rennell's theory, therefore, the probable former course of the Ganges would correspond with that of the present channel of the
Baral River.
Authorities agree that the Ganges has changed its course and that at different times, each of the distributaries might have been the carrier of its main stream.
The bed of the Padma is wide, and the river is split up into several channels flowing between constantly shifting sand banks and islands. During the rains the current is very strong and even steamers may find difficulty in making headway against it. It is navigable at all seasons of the year by steamers and country boats of all sizes and until recently ranked as one of the most frequented waterways in the world. It is spanned near
Paksey by the great
Hardinge Bridge over which runs one of the main lines of the
Bangladesh Railway.
The Padma enters Bangladesh from India near
Chapai Nababganj and meets the
Jamuna (
Bengali: যমুনা Jomuna) near
Aricha and retains its name, but finally meets with the
Meghna (Bengali: মেঘনা) near
Chandpur and adopts the name "Meghna" before flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
Rajshahi, a major city in western Bangladesh, is situated on the north bank of the Padma.
The Ganges originates in the
Gangotri Glacier of the
Himalaya, and runs through India and Bangladesh to the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges enters Bangladesh at Shibganj in the district of Chapai Nababganj.
West of Shibganj, the Ganges branches into two distributaries, the Bhagirathi and the Padma rivers. The Bhagirathi River, which flows southwards, is also known as the Ganga and was named the Hoogly or Hooghly River by the
British.
Further downstream, in Goalando, 2,
200 kilometres (1,400 mi) from the source, the Padma is joined by the Jamuna (Lower
Brahmaputra) and the resulting combination flows with the name Padma further east, to Chandpur. Here, the widest river in Bangladesh, the Meghna joins the Padma, continuing as the Meghna almost in a straight line to the south, ending in the Bay of Bengal.
The
Jalangi River is thrown off at the point where the mighty Padma touches the district at its most northernly corner, and flows along the northern border in a direction slightly southeast, until it leaves the district some miles to the east of
Kushtia. It carries immense volumes of water and is very wide at places, constantly shifting its main channel, eroding vast areas on one bank, throwing chars on the other, giving rise to many disputes as to the possession of the chars and islands which are thrown up.
The
Padma Bridge would be Bangladesh's largest, estimated at
US$2.3 billion to finish. It was supposed to be open to the public in
2013. However, the future of the project became uncertain when in June
2012 the
World Bank cancelled its $
1.2 billion loan over corruption allegations. In June 2014, the government of Bangladesh, proceeding without the loan, hired a
Chinese firm to construct the 6.15-kilometre (3
.82 mi) main part of the bridge, and in
October 2014 it hired a
South Korean firm to supervise construction.
Officials aim to finish the project by 2018. In 2009, government plans also included rail lines on both sides of the Padma with a connection via the new bridge.
The
Lalon Shah Bridge also crosses the Padma further upstream.
- published: 24 May 2016
- views: 0