Chief minister

A chief minister is the elected head of government of a sub-national (e.g., constituent federal) entity. Examples include: a state (and sometimes a union territory) in India; a territory of Australia; provinces of Sri Lanka or Pakistan; Philippine autonomous regions; or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-governance. It is also used as the English version of the title given to the heads of governments of the Malay states without a monarchy.

The title is also used in the Crown dependencies of the Isle of Man (since 1986), in Guernsey (since 2004), and in Jersey (since 2005).

In Malaysia, it is used to refer to the heads of government, called in the Malay language Ketua Menteri (literally chief minister), of the Malaysian states without a sultan, i.e., Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak – while the Malay language term Menteri Besar (literally great minister), is used in other states with a monarch.

By analogy, the term is often applied to various other high ministerial offices, e.g., those in a princely state before or during the British raj, or to chancellors of the Chinese states.

Kerala

Kerala (/ˈkɛrələ/), historically known as Keralam, is a state in South India on the Malabar coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956 following the States Reorganisation Act by combining Malayalam-speaking regions. Spread over 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi), it is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth largest state by population and is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken and the official language of the state.

The region was a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE. The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala, though it frequently struggled against attacks by the neighbouring Cholas and Pandyas. In the 15th century, the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and paved the way for the European colonisation of India. After independence, Travancore and Cochin joined the Republic of India and Travancore-Cochin was given the status of a state in 1949. In 1956, Kerala state was formed by merging Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara.

Pinarayi Vijayan

Pinarayi Vijayan (Malayalam: പിണറായി വിജയൻ) is an Indian politician and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was State Secretary of the Kerala State Committee of the CPI(M) from 1998 to 2015. He was the longest serving secretary in the party's history. He also served in the government of Kerala as Minister of Electric Power and Cooperatives from 1996 to 1998.

Early life and education

He was born on 21 March 1944 in a poor family in Pinarayi in Kannur district. He is married to Kamala and has two children, Veena & Vivek. After passing out of school, he worked as a handloom weaver for a year before joining for Pre – University course in the Government Brennen College, Thalassery. Later he completed degree course from there.

Political career

Pinarayi Vijayan entered politics through student union activities and eventually joined the Communist Party in 1964. He was president and secretary of the Kerala Student's Federation (KSF) and also served as the president of Kerala State Youth Federation (KSYF). During that period, when communists in Kerala were organising the political activities from different hide-outs, Pinarayi Vijayan was imprisoned for one and a half years. Later he was elected the president of the Kerala state co-operative bank. And during emergency he was arrested and tortured by police. He got elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1970. He was re-elected in 1977, 1991 and 1996. He was the Minister for Electric power and Co-operatives in the E.K. Nayanar ministry from 1996 to 1998. In 1998 he became CPI(M) state secretary. He was elected to the politburo of CPI(M) in 2002.

List of Chief Ministers of Kerala

The Chief Minister of Kerala is the chief executive of the south Indian state of Kerala. As per the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.

The origins of Kerala lie in the princely states of Travancore and Cochin and Malabar . Following India's independence from the British Raj in 1947, these states' rulers instituted a measure of representative government, headed by a Premier and his Council of Ministers. On 1 July 1949 Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin state. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act redrew India's map along linguistic lines, and the present-day state of Kerala was born, comprising solely Malayalam-speaking districts. Since 1957, eleven people have served as the Chief Minister of Kerala. The first was E. M. S. Namboodiripad, who headed the world's first democratically elected Communist government.

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