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The original title of this film is "
China:
The Roots of
Madness". This film is a
1967 Cold War era, made-for-TV documentary film produced by
David L. Wolper. The film won an
Emmy Award in the documentary category.
It attempts to analyze the
Anti-Western sentiment in China from the official
American's perspective, covering 170 years of
China's political history, from
Boxer Rebellion of the
Qing Dynasty to
Red Guards of
Cultural Revolution. The film focuses on the power struggle between the Kuomintang and the
Communist Party of China, amid heavy political intervention from
Moscow, with
Sun Yat-sen,
Chiang Kai-shek and
Mao Zedong playing the pivotal role at the center stage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China:_The_Roots_of_Madness
History of China (1912--1966)
Frustrated by the
Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students began to advocate the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the creation of a republic. They were inspired by the revolutionary ideas of Sun Yat-sen.
A revolutionary military uprising, the
Wuchang Uprising, began on
10 October 1911. The provisional government of the
Republic of China was formed in
Nanjing on 12
March 1912. Sun Yat-sen was declared
President, but Sun was forced to turn power over to
Yuan Shikai, who commanded the
New Army and was
Prime Minister under the
Qing government. Yuan declared himself emperor in late
1915. His ambitions were fiercely opposed by his subordinates; faced with the prospect of rebellion, he abdicated in
March 1916, and died in June of that year.
Yuan death in
1916 left a power vacuum in China. This ushered in the warlord Era, during which much of the country was ruled by shifting coalitions of provincial military leaders.
In
1919, the
May Fourth Movement began as a response to the terms imposed on China by the
Treaty of Versailles ending
World War I, but quickly became a protest movement about the domestic situation in China. The discrediting of liberal
Western philosophy amongst
Chinese intellectuals was followed by the adoption of more radical lines of thought. This in turn planted the seeds for the irreconcilable conflict between the left and right in China
.
In the 1920s, Sun Yat-sen established a revolutionary base in south China, and set out to unite the fragmented nation. With assistance from the
Soviet Union, he entered into an alliance with the Communist Party of China. After Sun's death in 1925, one of his protégés, Chiang Kai-shek, seized control of the Kuomintang (
Nationalist Party or
KMT) and succeeded in bringing most of south and central China under its rule in a military campaign known as the
Northern Expedition (1926--1927). In
1927, Chiang turned on the
CPC and relentlessly chased the CPC armies and its leaders from their bases in southern and eastern China. In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the
Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the
Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base. During the Long March, the communists reorganized under a new leader, Mao Zedong (
Mao Tse-tung).
The bitter struggle between the KMT and the CPC continued through the 14-year long
Japanese occupation of various parts of the country (1931--1945). The two Chinese parties nominally formed a united front to oppose the
Japanese in
1937, during the
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), which became a part of
World War II.
Following the defeat of
Japan in
1945, the war between the KMT and the CPC resumed. By 1949, the CPC had established control over most of the country. When Chiang was defeated by CPC forces in mainland China in 1949, he retreated to
Taiwan with his government and his troops.
The Communist Party of China was left in control of mainland China. On 1
October 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the
People's Republic of China.
The PRC was shaped by a series of campaigns and five-year plans, with mixed success. The economic and social plan known as the
Great Leap Forward resulted in an estimated 45 million deaths. In 1966, Mao and his allies launched the Cultural Revolution, which would last until Mao's death a decade later.
The Cultural Revolution, motivated by power struggles within the
Party and a fear of the Soviet Union, led to a major upheaval in
Chinese society.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China
China: The Roots of Madness (1967)
- published: 14 Feb 2013
- views: 410088