Fifth-century Athens refers to the Greek city-state of Athens in the period of roughly 480 BC-404 BC. This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens or The Age of Pericles. The period began in 480 BC when an Athenian-led coalition of city-states, known as the Delian League, defeated the Persians at Salamis. As the fifth century wore on, what started as an alliance of independent city-states gradually became an Athenian empire. Eventually, Athens abandoned the pretense of parity among its allies and relocated the Delian League treasury from Delos to Athens, where it funded the building of the Athenian Acropolis. With its enemies under its feet and its political fortunes guided by statesman and orator Pericles, Athens produced some of the most influential and enduring cultural artifacts of the Western tradition. The playwrights Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides all lived and worked in fifth century Athens, as did the historians Herodotus and Thucydides, the physician Hippocrates, and the philosopher Socrates.

Pericles (Ancient Greek: Περικλῆς, Periklēs, "surrounded by glory"; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He was descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically influential Alcmaeonid family.

Pericles had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as "the first citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles", though the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars, or as late as the next century.

Pericles promoted the arts and literature; it is principally through his efforts that Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world. He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project beautified the city, exhibited its glory, and gave work to the people. Pericles also fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist.

Luan Domingos Rafael Santana (born 13 March 1991; Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈɐ̃ sɐ̃ˈtɐ̃nɐ]) is a Brazilian singer and composer of sertanejo universitário music.

Currently Santana has one of the most expensive concert fees in the country, charging about R$300,000 per performance.^{[citation needed]} His first live album was a bestseller throughout 2010, selling over 500,000 copies.^{[citation needed]} It remains among the best-selling albums in Brazil. His second album was recorded live in December 2010 at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro and will be released in 2011.^{[dated info]} The first single, "Adrenalina", a song that hit the top spot on the Billboard charts. The second single from this album Química Do Amor features Bahian singer Ivete Sangalo.

Santana was born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. He began singing at age three in his hometown. After realizing his talent, his father gave him a guitar to further encourage his musical skill.

In recording his second CD, Santana decided that work would live and record in the cities in Brazil where his shows were performed. Once the CD was finished, two songs "Tô de Cara"and "Meteoro" became hits as he became on of the most played artists on Brazilian radio.^{[citation needed]} Over a few weeks the video of "Meteor" had 17 million hits on YouTube.^{[citation needed]} In summer 2009, Santana broke attendance records for the cities where he performed.^{[citation needed]} Santana was invited to participate in "Rodeo of Barry. He performs at cowboy festivals and agricultural exhibitions throughout Brazil. In 2009 Santana performed 300 concerts in Brazil, with an average of 25 presentations per month. Santana launched his first DVD, recorded in August 2009 in Native Nations Park.