- published: 06 Jun 2016
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The Lombard League (Italian: Lega Lombarda, same in Lombard) was a medieval alliance formed in 1167 to counter the attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors from the House of Hohenstaufen to assert Imperial influence over Italy. At its apex it included most of the cities of Northern Italy, although its membership changed with time, and was supported by the Pope. With the death of the third and last Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250 it became obsolete and was disbanded.
The association succeeded the Veronese League, established in 1164 by Verona, Padua, Vicenza, and the Republic of Venice, after Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had claimed direct Imperial control over Italy at the 1158 Diet of Roncaglia and began to replace the Podestà magistrates by his own commissioners. It was backed by Pope Alexander III (the town of Alessandria was named in his honour), who also wished to see Frederick's power in Italy decline. Formed at Pontida on 1 December 1167, the Lombard League included—beside Verona, Padua, Vicenza and Venice—cities like Crema, Cremona, Mantua, Piacenza, Bergamo, Brescia, Milan, Genoa, Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Treviso, Vercelli, Lodi, Parma, Ferrara and even some lords, such as the Marquis Malaspina and Ezzelino da Romano.