- published: 02 Feb 2010
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The Arecibo message was broadcast into space a single time via frequency modulated radio waves at a ceremony to mark the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope on 16 November 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13 some 25,000 light years away because M13 was a large and close collection of stars that was available in the sky at the time and place of the ceremony. The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, approximately 210 bytes, transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.
The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime (the product of two prime numbers), to be arranged rectangularly as 73 rows by 23 columns. The alternative arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, produces jumbled nonsense (File:AreciboMessageShifted.svg). The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces.
Carl Edward Sagan ( /ˈseɪɡɪn/; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, science popularizer, and science communicator in astronomy and natural sciences. He published more than 600 scientific papers and articles and was author, co-author or editor of more than 20 books. He advocated scientifically skeptical inquiry and the scientific method, pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).
Sagan is known for his popular science books and for the award-winning 1980 television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which he narrated and co-wrote. The book Cosmos was published to accompany the series. Sagan wrote the novel Contact, the basis for a 1997 film of the same name.
Carl Sagan was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Ukrainian Jewish family. His father, Sam Sagan, was an immigrant garment worker from Kamenets-Podolsk, Ukraine; his mother, Rachel Molly Gruber, a housewife. Carl was named in honor of Rachel's biological mother, Chaiya Clara, in Sagan's words, "the mother she never knew." Sagan graduated from Rahway High School in Rahway, New Jersey, in 1951.
My earthly womb in your monolith:
You've got it sewn, bunching at my hips. [x4]
I ventured to your city, to meet you at your throne.
I'm stuck inside your vestibule with no way to atone.
I gnashed my vexing jowl at the suffragette crown.
The temple steps above my cringe.
The temple steps beneath my scowl.
And what's the use of pleading thirst?
I see you drinking from my cup.
You're not the flesh I was after, so I try scraping off the blight.
Can't get no passage to my terminus when I'm dying every night.
So don't perspire with excitement.
In fact, don't perspire at all.
The jewel of my retribution makes empires rise and fall.
How could you defy these precious little ones?
The very ones that show you love.
I know you've got that filament, so how could you defy these precious little ones?
Somethings got a hold on me.
About to breach the seal.
You're not the flesh I was after, so I try scraping off the blight.
Can't get no passage to my terminus when I'm dying every night.
So don't perspire with excitement.
In fact, don't perspire at all.