The Armenian diaspora (Armenian: Հայկական սփիւռք Haygagan spyourk' ) refers to the Armenian communities outside the Republic of Armenia and self proclaimed de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Throughout the fourth century A.D. and then during and after the Armenian Genocide, Armenian immigrants have established communities in over 30 different regions throughout the world. Most Armenians in the diaspora are not from the Republic of Armenia but from Western Armenia (modern day Eastern Turkey), mainly those who descended from the survivors of the Armenian Genocide.

The Armenian diaspora has been present for over seventeen hundred years. The modern Armenian diaspora was formed largely after the First World War as a result of the Armenian Genocide, which is centrally-planned extermination of the indigenous Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Those Armenians who survived and fled to different parts of the world (approximately half a million in number) created new Armenian communities far from their native land. Through marriage and procreation, the number of Armenians in the diaspora who trace their lineage to those Armenians who survived and fled the Armenian Genocide is now several million. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, approximately one million Armenians have joined the diaspora largely as a result of difficult economic conditions in Armenia. Jivan Tabibian, an Armenian scholar and former diplomat in Armenia said, Armenians "are not place bound, but... are intensely place- conscious".