Ngina Kenyatta (born 1933), popularly known as "Mama Ngina", is the widow of Kenya's first president, Jomo Kenyatta (1894-1978). She is described by Godfrey Gitahi Kariuki as a kind and welcoming lady.^[1]

Biography[link]

Mama Ngina was born Ngina Muhoho, daughter of Chief Muhoho wa Gathecha, Kiambu District, Central Province.^[2] She married Jomo Kenyatta as his third wife in 1951, a union characterized as a "gift" to Kenyatta from his ethnic group, the Kikuyu.^[3] This became her reference as the "mother of the nation",^[3] becoming Mama Ngina Kenyatta, independent Kenya's glamorous First Lady when Kenyatta became President in 1963. She often accompanied him in public, and had some streets in Nairobi^[4] and Mombasa, as well as a Children's Home,^[5] named after her. In 1965, she became patron of Kenyan Guiding.^[6]

In the 1970s, she and other high-level government officials were allegedly involved in an ivory-smuggling ring which transported tusks out of the country in the state private airliner.^[7][8][9] A May 1975 edition of New Scientist cited her as one of Kenya's "ivory queens" but also asserted they could not be completely certain that these claims were true.^[10] However, New Scientist claimed that there was now documentary proof that at least one member of Kenya's royal family had shipped over six tons of ivory to Red China.

Mama Ngina became a Roman Catholic,^[11] and was known to attend Mass every Sunday in the Catholic mission with some of their children.^[12] She also became one of the richest individuals in Kenya, owning plantations, ranches, and hotels.^[13] She currently leads a quiet life in Kenya as a wealthy widow.

Family[link]

She bore Kenyatta four children: Kristina Wamboi (born 1952), Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 1961), Anna Nyokabi (also known as Jeni or "Jane") and Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1964). Her son Uhuru, the senior Kenyatta's political heir, unsuccessfully ran for president as President Moi's preferred successor in 2002 and is today the Kenyan Deputy Prime Minister. Muhoho Kenyatta runs the family's vast business but lives out of the public limelight. During Jomo Kenyatta's exile at Lodwar and Maralal, Ngina stayed with him, as did their daughters, Jane and Wamboi.^[14] Mama Ngina is step-mother to Kenyatta's other three children, two by his first wife and one by the second.^[15]

Monsignor George Muhoho, Roman Catholic chaplain at University of Nairobi is one of her brothers.^[16]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Portrait

2 Minutos or Dos Minutos are a punk rock band from Argentina. They are one of the most important bands of the genre to emerge in argentine rock in the 1990s, highly influential across the Spanish-speaking world, and also popular in the punk scene of the United States.

Biography[link]

The band can trace its beginnings to the end of the 1980s, playing around in the punk holes of Buenos Aires. Over that period the group would be influenced by the likes of The Undertones, The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and other punk pioneers.

The group continued to play the local circuits in the early 1990s. In 1992, the band participated in a collective album produced by an independent label called Mentes Abiertas, with its songs "Ya No Sos Igual" and "Arrebato" catching the attention of the Polygram Label, who would sign the band soon after.^[1]

1994 would be the studio album debut for 2 Minutos. Valentín Alsina was named in honor of their hometown, and it turned into a bigger hit than even the band or the label had expected on the back of the hit single "Ya no sos Igual" ("You're not the same anymore"), about a corner store clerk whom they found out was also a Federal Police officer.^[2] A controversy erupted however between the band and "Pil Trafa", a member of Los Violadores, with Pil Trafa accusing 2 Minutos of having "un-punk" lyrics about beer, football, and street fighting, which he considered those of bored, middle-class 90s suburban kids.

Nonetheless, 2 Minutos became a mid 90s darling of the argentine punk world, and they also gained large followings by simple word-of-mouth across Latin America, specially after the release of their Valentín Alsina follow-up, Volvió la Alegría, Vieja!. They also gained notoriety in the American punk scene, to the point the became the 1st Argentine punk band to dedicate a tour of the United States in 1995. A highlight of that tour was their performance at the mythic CBGB club, which they sold out. Back home, they shared the stage with The Ramones in their 96 farewell concert.

The third studio album was released in mid 1997. Postal 97 featured the hit singles "Gatillo fácil", "Qué yeta", and "Recuerdos en la arena". International success lead Polygram to renew and improve the contract for 2 minutos that year.

They kept issuing albums every year or two. With the mid 2000s seeing the band as now weathered veterans of the punk movement, 2 Minutos released their latest studio album Un Mundo de Sensaciones, which may actually show a slight maturing process in the, still, small town punks from Valentín Alsina. Guest artists included Sebastián Teysera (La Vela Puerca), and Claudio O'Connor. Some fans argued that the band lost the original sense of punk rock, due to commercial success and non-punk lyrical content of their last albums.^[3]

Discography[link]

• Valentín Alsina, 1994
• Volvió la alegría vieja, 1995
• Postal 97, 1997
• Advertencia, 1998
• Novedades, 1999
• Antorchas, 2000
• Vida Monótona, 2002
• Superocho, 2004
• Un Mundo de Sensaciones, 2006
• Vamos a la granja/Directo al infierno, 2010

See also[link]

• Argentine punk

References[link]

1. ^ Bonacich, Drago. Biography of 2 Minutos at Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
2. ^ 2 Minutos www.rock.com.ar (Spanish)
3. ^ [1] PunksUnidos.com.ar Forum

External links[link]

• Official site (Spanish)

Lucy Kibaki
First Lady of Kenya
Incumbent
Assumed office December 29, 2002
Preceded by	Ngina Kenyatta1
Personal details
Born	Lucy Muthoni Kibaki 1940 Mukurwe-ini
Spouse(s)	Mwai Kibaki (m. 1962)
Children	Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, and Tony Githinji.
Residence	Nairobi, Kenya
1. Ngina retained her First Lady status even after the death of her husband in 1978, as incoming President Daniel arap Moi had separated from his wife in 1974

Lucy Muthoni Kibaki (Born 1940^[1]) is the wife of Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki, making her the First Lady of Kenya.

She is a controversial figure in Kenya, due to her independent persona and her temper.

Biography[link]

She was born in Mukurwe-ini to the Rev. John Kagai and Rose Nyachomba, in the Mount Kenya. She was educated at Alliance Girls High School,^[2] then trained as a teacher, and rose up to the post of principal in a teacher-training college in Kiambu. She met Mwai Kibaki in 1960. After a two-year romance, the couple married in 1962. They have four children: Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai, and Tony Githinji. Mrs. Kibaki is a patron of the Kenya Girl Guides Association.^[3]

Incidents[link]

In 2005 she received international media attention when she stormed into World Bank country director Makhtar Diop's house, demanding that he turn his music down during a private party. The following evening, she walked into a police station and demanded that Diop and his guests be arrested for disturbing the peace. Two days later, she stormed into the offices of the Nation Media Group (publishers of The Daily Nation, a Kenyan newspaper) with six bodyguards, and demanded that the reporter who had written about her confrontation with Diop be arrested, slapped a cameraman who was filming her, and refused to leave until the following day.^[1][4]

In May 2006, she created more controversy by stating that young people in Kenya had "no business" using condoms. Lucy Kibaki called on students at a school prize-giving to abstain from sex in order to avoid infection with HIV.

On 12 December 2007 she slapped a government official who confused her name with that of Mary Wambui, a woman who has been reported as being the president's second wife. Lucy Kibaki slapped the Government Principal Administrative Secretary after he referred to her as "Wambui" during a presidential awards ceremony, independent NTV reported.

The Government Principal Administrative Secretary, Francis Musyimi, immediately stopped officiating at the ceremony at the State House in Nairobi and was whisked away by the presidential security. Musyimi doubles as the Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet.^[5][6]

In January 2008, a Kenyan Member of Parliament for Imenti Central, Gitobu Imanyara, accused Lucy Kibaki of assault and threatened to move to court to sue The First Lady over the alleged incident. She quickly denied the allegations, accusing Imanyara of attempted blackmail after failing to secure the deputy Speaker's seat during the elections in Parliament. .^[7]

Charitable work[link]

Mrs Kibaki is known for supporting disadvantaged and disabled people.^[8] She chairs the Organization of the 40 African First Ladies Against HIV/Aids.^[8]

References[link]