An isogloss—also called a heterogloss (see Etymology below)—is the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by groups of isoglosses; for example the Benrath line distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; and the La Spezia-Rimini Line divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central Italian dialects. However, an individual isogloss may or may not have any coincidence with a language border. For example, the front-rounding of /y/ cuts across France and Germany, while the /y/ is absent from Italian and Spanish words that are cognate with the /y/-containing French words.
One of the most well-known isoglosses is the centum-satem isogloss.
Similar to an isogloss, an isograph is a distinguishing feature of a writing system. Both concepts are also used in historical linguistics.
The Centum-Satem isogloss of the Indo-European language family relates to the different evolution of the dorsal consonants of Proto-Indo-European (PIE). In the standard reconstruction, three series of dorsals are recognised:
Why so close
Big boys in black hats
Cowboys with white guns
White guns shoot blue white
Blue white baptism
No buffaloes
No Indians
No more buffaloes
Red sky is falling
Blue blood no stalling
White heat will strip you
No time to run far
(refrain 1)
Ivan's built a wall of lead 'round his house
Nobody can get in or out
Running out of food for ammunition
Frightened of the darkness
Sending out scouts
Why hang the fire so close
Why hang the fire so close
Why hang the fire so close
Why so close
(refrain 2)
Wayne's got a wall that's much more subtle
Wore headphones since he was born
Watches Ivan through dark glasses
Hand on his gun waiting for the storm
One false move and we all fall down
No funeral games, no such fun
Here's your ticket to the party
That's what you get for playing with a gun
Six-gun so close
(refrain 1)
Ivan's got a wall of lead 'round his house
Nobody can get in or out
Running out of food for ammunition
Frightened of the darkness
Sending out scouts
(refrain 2)
Wayne's got a wall that's much more subtle
Wore headphones since he was born
Watches Ivan through dark glasses
Hands on his gun waiting for the storm
Why stand the fire so close (Why)
Why stand the fire so close (Why)
Why stand the fire so close (Why)
Why?
Tonight
I sing soft and low
Just like the moon
Over the snow
I hear icicles falling in the dark
We're just like anyone else
We just want a little bit
Of sun for ourselves
And a little bit of rain
To make it all grow
Maybe a minute or two
To get lost in the glow of love
There's always someone throwing matches around
Waving the shiny new knife
The first to run when the house burns down
I've seen it everyday of my life
I must confess there appears to be
Way more darkness than light
I want to fall like a pearl
To the bottom of the sea
There no one will find us tonight
Tonight
It might look pretty bad
We might lose everything
We thought that we had
But shadows will pass
Smoke, it will clear
If something survives of us around here
I'll be glad 'cause I know
I was lost in the glow
Isn't it nice when the rain comes falling
Turns into icicles, melting, mourning
Isn't it good when a friend comes calling 'round?
Isn't it good when you need somebody
People will help you not be lonely
Then you find someone who loves ya, only you
CHORUS:
But never take a love for granted
Give a little in return
Try to be understanding, live and learn
Isn't it good when the sun comes shining
Giving us warmth, see the children smiling
Just the reflections of love around their heart
Oh-o-o, just a start
(duel guitar solo (Pete Ham & Joey Molland)
CHORUS
REPEAT VERSE 3
Oh-o-o, just a start
Frostbite
You are an icicle (you are an icicle, warmth of the season can't melt)
You are an icicle (you are an icicle, coldest that I've ever felt)
And I know, how it feels, to be facing the frost on your own
This is the last time(this is the last time)
I let the winter have it's way with me
Frostbite, you are an icicle, as cold as an icicle
Frostbite, you are an icicle
And I know, how it feels, to be spending a Christmas alone
The presents you bought still remain in the closet, wrapped up in boxes at home
For some strange reason, thought this was the season, I'm working on a naughty list.
I know that these chills, are all just because of the air
This is my last time (this is my last time) by New Year's Eve, I'll forget a year.
Frostbite
So far I haven't got anything I wanted.
Tis the season to be vulnerable
And loosen up your mind
The frost is forming on your dreams
Icicles on your thoughts of me
If it makes you happy go your way
I saw a skeleton in the photograph
I know that face so well
I guess the memories go on and on and on
If it makes you happy go your way
I was leaning in the doorway
Waking up to hit the ground
I was hoping that you'd come around
If it makes you happy go your way
I am the architect the father of man
An offering of grace
Though the creature has long since passed
O not my love
I see icy flakes hiding frozen lakes
one by one and on and on they go in the sea of snow mother
mother mother mother
I see icicles swing like crystal bells
hear they clearly call and I can tell
it's a magic spell mother
mother mother mother
I would sing along if I had I tongue
but I'd never walk into the wrong house to help the wrong mother
mother mother mother
other mothers hide their sympathy
no one dares to talk though you're asleep
sleep sleep sleepyhead (sleepwalking)
dream on dreaming on and on and on and on.....
sleep sleep sleepyhead (keep walking)
till the dream is gone...
I see eyes so cold look into my coals
please don't leave me standing in the snow
with a carrot nose mother
mother mother mother
naked in the snow do you have to go
I can't live without you in my sticks
am I getting sick mother
mother mother mother
start to lose my form never been this warm
now I'll never walk into the wrong house to help the wrong mother
mother mother mother
other mothers light their christmas trees
no one dares to talk though you're asleep
sleep sleep sleepyhead (sleepwalking)
dream on dreaming on and on and on and on.....
sleep sleep sleepyhead (keep walking)
All the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles are falling down
like tiny little daggers in the ground
i'd better run for cover or they'll soon be
sticking in the softed spots inside of me
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
some clouds came through my window
but after you left i forgot to close
they came in and collected over my bed
im swear that im telling the truth and
truth be tell im better off dead
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
all the icicles falling falling ooh oh
but i know one day the sun will come
and the icicles will have no choice but to melt