Dalbergia sissoo

Dalbergia sissoo, known commonly as North Indian Rosewood, is an evergreen rosewood tree, also known as sheesham, sisu, tahli, Tali and also Irugudujava. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southern Iran. In Persian, it is called Jag. It is the state tree of Punjab state (India) and the provincial tree of Punjab province (Pakistan). Its Afghanistan name is shewa. Indian common names are biradi, and sisau. It is primarily found growing along river banks below 900 metres (3,000 ft) elevation, but can range naturally up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft). The temperature in its native range averages 10–40 °C (50–104 °F), but varies from just below freezing to nearly 50 °C (122 °F). It can withstand average annual rainfall up to 2,000 millimetres (79 in) and droughts of 3–4 months. Soils range from pure sand and gravel to rich alluvium of river banks; shisham can grow in slightly saline soils. Seedlings are intolerant of shade.

Timber

Shisham is best known economic timber species of the rosewood genus sold internationally, but it is also used as fuel wood and for shade and shelter. With its tolerance of light frosts and long dry seasons, this species deserves greater consideration for tree farming, agro forestry and deciduous reforestation. After teak, it is the most important cultivated timber tree of Bihar, which is the largest producer of shisham timber in India. In Bihar, the tree is planted on roadsides, along canals and as a shade tree for tea plantations. It is also commonly planted in southern Indian cities like Bangalore as a street tree.

Dalbergia nigra

Dalbergia nigra, commonly known as the Bahia rosewood, jacarandá da Bahia, Brazilian rosewood, Rio rosewood, jacarandá de Brasil, pianowood, caviuna, or obuina, is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family.

Description

Dalbergia nigra produces a very hard and heavy wood, characteristically varied in color from brick red through various shades of brown (medium to nearly black). Pieces that feature veins of black coloration called spider webbing or landscape grain are especially prized. Brazilian rosewood has a distinctive floral fragrance—reminiscent of roses with a distinctive sweetness—and strongest in old growth wood. Another distinguishing feature is its outstanding resonance. An evenly cut piece that is tapped emits a bright metallic ring that sustains. This property, combined with its beauty, has made Brazilian rosewood a favorite of musical instrument makers for centuries.

Brazilian rosewood is highly resistant to insect attacks.

There are many species in the Dalbergia genus that can be confused with Dalbergia nigra, but the latter can be recognised by its colour and resin. It may also be confused with Machaerium, which has a more compact parenchyma and lack large pores.

East India (disambiguation)

East India is a region of India consisting of the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa.

East India may also refer to

East Indian may refer to

See also

Rosewood

Rosewood refers to any of a number of richly hued timbers, often brownish with darker veining but found in many different hues.

True rosewoods

All genuine rosewoods belong to the genus Dalbergia. The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the Western world is the wood of Dalbergia nigra which is now a CITES-listed endangered species. It is best known as Brazilian Rosewood, but also as Bahia rosewood. This wood has a strong sweet smell, which persists over many years, explaining the name rosewood.

Another classic rosewood comes from Dalbergia latifolia known as (East) Indian rosewood or sonokeling (Indonesia). It is native to India and is also grown in plantations elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

Madagascar rosewood (Dalbergia maritima), known as bois de rose, is highly prized for its red color but is overexploited in the wild. Despite a 2010 moratorium on trade, illegal logging continues on a large scale.

Throughout S.E. Asia Dalbergia oliveri is harvested for use in woodworking. It has a very fragrant and dense grain near the core, however the outer sapwood is soft and porous. Dalbergia cultrata that has variegated burgundy to light brown color, a blackwood timber is sold as Burmese Rosewood. Products built with rosewood based engineered woods are sold as Malaysian Rosewood or as Dalbergia oliveri.

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