Trans-splicing

Trans-splicing is a special form of RNA processing in eukaryotes where exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are joined end to end and ligated.

Whereas "normal" (cis-)splicing processes a single molecule, trans-splicing generates a single RNA transcript from multiple separate pre-mRNAs. This phenomenon can be exploited for molecular therapy to address mutated gene products.

Trans-splicing can be the mechanism behind certain oncogenic fusion transcripts.

Trans-splicing is used by certain microbial organisms, notably protozoa of the Kinetoplastae class to produce variable surface antigens and change from one life stage to another.

References

Further reading

Splice

Splice may refer to:

Rope splicing

Rope splicing in ropework is the forming of a semi-permanent joint between two ropes or two parts of the same rope by partly untwisting and then interweaving their strands. Splices can be used to form a stopper at the end of a line, to form a loop or an eye in a rope, or for joining two ropes together. Splices are preferred to knotted rope, since while a knot typically reduces the strength by 20–40%, a splice is capable of attaining a rope's full strength. However, splicing usually results in a thickening of the line and, if subsequently removed, leaves a distortion of the rope. Most types of splices are used on 3 strand rope, but some can be done on 12 strand or greater single braided rope as well as most double braids.

Types of splices

RNA splicing

In molecular biology, splicing is the editing of the nascent pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript in which introns are removed and exons are joined together (ligated). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing takes place within the nucleus either co-transcriptionally or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually required in order to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein. For many eukaryotic introns, splicing is carried out in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Self-splicing introns, or ribozymes capable of catalyzing their own excision from their parent RNA molecule, also exist.

Splicing pathways

Several methods of RNA splicing occur in nature; the type of splicing depends on the structure of the spliced intron and the catalysts required for splicing to occur.

Spliceosomal

Introns

The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, that is, a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding sequence in the unprocessed RNA transcript. As part of the RNA processing pathway, introns are removed by RNA splicing either shortly after or concurrent with transcription. Introns are found in the genes of most organisms and many viruses. They can be located in a wide range of genes, including those that generate proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Trans

Trans may refer to:

Gender

Places

Media

Music

Science and technology

Trans, Switzerland

Trans is a village in the municipality of Tomils in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Trans merged with Feldis/Veulden, Scheid and Tumegl/Tomils to form the municipality of Tomils.

History

Trans is first mentioned in the middle of the 12th Century as Hof ad Tranne.

Geography

Trans has an area, as of 2006, of 7.4 km² (2.9 sq mi). Of this area, 30.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 46.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (22%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

The municipality is located in the Domleschg sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district. It consisted of the haufendorf (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) village of Trans, located on a terrace 1,473 m (4,833 ft) above the eastern side of the Hinterrhine valley.

Demographics

Trans has a population (as of 2007) of 56, all Swiss. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -17.6%.

Trans (Festival)

trans was an annual, non-arts festival held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, linked with the Urban Arts Academy and organised by the Belfast Waterfront Hall. Over a four-week period it hosted a programme of gigs, free seminars, courses, exhibitions and broadcasts its own radio station.

Ideology

trans stated a list of ideologies and beliefs:

History

The festival was originally set up in 2006, to complement the Urban Arts Academy. Its usual running dates are between the Orange Order's Orangefest and the West Belfast Feile an Phobail.

Throughout its five-year history, the festival was popular not only with the Urban Arts Academy students, but with music and arts lovers from all walks of life, and regularly attracts international artists and audience members.