Romanesque Art - 1 Introduction

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• published: 28 May 2015
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First video about the Romanesque Art serie. Any doubt? Send me a message. Land of the Art blog: http://landoftheart.blogspot.com.es/ Land of the Art in facebook: https://www.facebook.com/landoftheart Romanesque Art flourishes in the Christian West between the XI and XIII centuries, by country, as a result of the summation of the Roman traditions and Oriental influences received by the Byzantines or the Arabs. In the late X century, christian Europe reached stability, and the Church had supremacy. His power was expanded with failed apocalyptic prophecies. The cult of relics were encouraged and were pilgrimages to holy places (the main ones: Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela), which led to the opening of roads, and affected the artistic production. In the XI century they increased agricultural yields and technical progress, which led to a social evolution. Romanesque art spread from Scandinavia to southern Italy and the north of the Iberian Peninsula, including the British Isles and much of central Europe. It is variable nationally and regionally. This video is an introduction about the forms of the art. I will explain each image separately. This video has the particularity that the subtitle is not in all the video, but that is due to that so you can see all the terms in the images that have them. The map of Europe shows the main centers of romanesque. Cluny Abbey. Will be the beginning. It was founded in 910 by William the Pious. Monastery set that should only obey the pope. Cluniac reform, which makes it stand in the center of thousands of monasteries that follow the feudal systems. Architecture. There are different kinds of constructions. Churches, walls, houses... Churches are the most important. Divided in nartex, three or five naves, presbytery, transept or transversal nave, the crossroad (not sure if it is called so in english, is the center of the transept) and the ambulatory with the apsidioles and altar. Use of buttresses and ashlar to build. That window I don't know how to say in english. In spanish I call it "asaetada", of "saeta", arrow. It is a defensive window used too in walls and defensive structures. You can see the exterior but not the inverse. Round arch. It is the used arch. Roman influence. Barrel vault. Vault made as extension of the round arches. Roman influence. Groin vault. When barrel vaults are mixed. Parts of vaults. You can use google translate to translate these terms into your languaje and so you will know the names. Kinds of vaults. The same, use google translate to translate the terms into your language. Dome. Just that. Parts of dome. The dome can be supported by various things. Use google translate to know the name of the terms in your language. Columns. Kind of support with historiated capitals. Cruciform pillar. A kind of pillar. Parts of a church. Use google translate to know the terms in your language. Parts of a church II. Same. Plant of church. That shows the two levels, and the three naves, and the distribution of weight. Ambulatory and apsidioles. This is where the altar is. Symbolism of the crown of the church. Decoration. A image about the different kinds of sculptoric decoration. Next image is an example in a real church. Sculpture and painting. There are some conventions to have clear. Historiated capitel. The sculptoric program wants to show the Bible and the word of God. Educational and moralizing function. That capital is from the Claustro de San Juan de la Peña. Next image is a lintel, as other example of the same function. This tympanum shows the horror vacui, fear to emptyness, that is a tendence to cover all the space with sculptures. This is the Apocalypse, with the Pantokrator and such. Front of Conques. Here you see the parts of the front. Use google translate as I said before. These are two images. The next one are shafts of the Pórtico de la Gloria. Law of the interior scheme. I call it so, in spanish, "ley del esquema interior", refers that figures are adapted to the frame. Next two images are examples of the Apocalypse theme in tympanums, with the Pantokrator, tetramorfos, and such. First from Pórtico de la Gloria and second from Santo Domingo. Next two images are two crucifixions, other theme very usual. First one is the crucifix of Doña Sancha y Don Fernando and second is called Majestat Battló. Next image is the Theotokos. The Virgin is represented as the throne of Christ Child. Museum of León, Spain. Last two images are example of geometrization in painting. It is the apse of San Clemente de Tahull, and shows the same theme of the Apocalypse, with the Pantokrator and the tetramorfos. Music: Alfonso X el Sabio - Cantigas de Santa María Photos taken in Google images. No copyright infringement intended.