Tonality is a system of music in which specific hierarchical pitch relationships are based on a key "center", or tonic. The term tonalité originated with Alexandre-Étienne Choron (1810) and was borrowed by François-Joseph Fétis in 1840 (Reti, 1958; Simms 1975, 119; Judd, 1998; Dahlhaus 1990). Although Fétis used it as a general term for a system of musical organization and spoke of types de tonalités rather than a single system, today the term is most often used to refer to Major-Minor tonality (also called diatonic tonality, common practice tonality, or functional tonality), the system of musical organization of the common practice period, and of Western-influenced popular music throughout much of the world today.
The tonal system prevalent in what we know as the common-practice period is usually known as major-minor, or functional tonality. In functional tonality, chords have a harmonic or tonal function, which we can define as the relationship of a chord with the other chords in the key, and especially its relationship with the tonic. We usually label the specific functions of chords with Roman numerals. The basic harmonic functions are tonic (I), dominant (V), and predominant (IV).
Robert "Bob" Luther Gauldin (born 1931) is an American composer and Professor Emeritus of Music Theory at the Eastman School of Music.
Gauldin's compositions include works for wind ensemble, chamber orchestra, and chorus. He also received a Ford Foundation Grant for the Contemporary Music Project pilot program at Eastman from 1966 to 1968. As a theorist, Gauldin has published a number of articles and three widely used textbooks, and has presented numerous papers at conventions and universities in both the United States and England. He has served as reviewer and adviser for several publishers, including the Yale University Press and Prentice-Hall, and has served on various boards and committees for music theory societies, including a federal committee chosen to select summer seminars in music for the National Endowment for the Humanities (1981–1982). He was a charter member of the Society for Music Theory and served as its vice president and president (1988–1992). Gauldin retired in 1997 after 34 years of service to the School but continues to be an active member of the Eastman community. In recognition of his accomplishments and contributions, the theory department established the Gauldin Acquisition Fund for Rare Books in Music Theory for the Sibley Music Library, with an initial focus on counterpoint treatises and Wagnerian studies.
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The Difference Between Tonal & Atonal Music : Piano & Music Tips
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 1: Basic Concepts
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 2: The Octave and Just Intervals
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 4: Circular pitch systems and the triad
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 5: Building a diatonic set with 3 to 2 ratios
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 6: Pythagorean tuning and the pure triad
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 7: The minor triad and a circular system of thirds
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 8: Tuning with pure major and minor triads
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 9: A 12-tone Pythagorean set
Pitch Systems in Tonal Music Part 10: Temperaments, Roots of 2, and Conclusions
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