Seraikela-Kharsawan district (Hindi: सराइकेला खरसावाँ जिला); formerly the princely state of Seraikella/Saraikella is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Seraikela town is the district headquarters of Saraikela Kharsawan district. The district is well known for Seraikela Chhau, one of the three distinctive styles of the chhau dance. This district was carved out from West Singhbhum district in 2001.

Members of the erstwhile royal family of Seraikella, the Singh Deo family (patrons of the Chau dance), divide their time between The Palace, Seraikella-833219; a 300 year old heritage palace and historical landmark and their residences in Orissa, West Bengal and abroad. The last ruler of the Seraikella princely state was HH Raja Aditya Pratap Singh Deo (son of HH Maharaja Udit Narayan Singh Deo) and notables of the era include his sons Tikayet Sahib Nrupendra Narayan Singh Deo, HH Maharaja Sir Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo(given in adoption to Patna-Bolangir state, former Chief Minister of Orissa), Patayet Sahib Maharajkumar Bhoopendra Narayan Singh Deo(leading regional politician who supported the popular tribal anti-merger movement with Bihar) and Rajkumar Sudhendra Narayan Singh Deo(Param-Guru of Chau), a Padma Shree awardee.

Kharsawan (Hindi: खरसावाँ) is a city and a notified area in Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Kharsawan or Kharsuan was one of the Oriya speaking Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj, and was acceded to India after India gained independence. Earlier this area was a part of Orissa's Kalinga-Utkala Empire of the Gajapati Kings^{[citation needed]}. It is now a part of Jharkhand, India, and one of its districts is named Seraikela Kharsawan district. Maharaj Darbhanga used to visit this state to pay respects as trade route to the east coast ran through the thick jungles of Singhbhum and safety was guaranteed only to those who were in the good books. Kumar Aditya Narayan Singh Deo and his father Maharaj Kumar Rudra Pratap Singh Deo appreciated the name change of the district. It had a privy purse of 33,000INR.PRESENT head of the royal family: Raja PRADEEP CHANDRA SINGH DEO. Title of Raja was given to Kharswan Ruler in 1902 to Raja Ram Chandra Singh Deo.Major language spoken in this area is Oriya.