- published: 17 Jan 2013
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A balance spring, or hairspring, is a part used in mechanical timepieces. The balance spring, attached to the balance wheel, controls the speed at which the wheels of the timepiece turn, and thus the rate of movement of the hands. A regulator lever on the balance spring is used to adjust the speed so that the timepiece keeps accurate time.
The balance spring is a fine spiral or helical torsion spring used in mechanical watches, marine chronometers, and other timekeeping mechanisms to control the rate of oscillation of the balance wheel. A balance spring usually has a regulator lever to adjust the rate of the timepiece, but other designs use adjusting screws on the balance wheel instead. The balance spring is an integral part of the balance wheel, because it reverses the direction of the balance wheel causing it to oscillate back and forth. The balance spring and balance wheel together form a harmonic oscillator, whose resonant period is resistant to changes from perturbing forces, which is what makes it a good timekeeping device.
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