Hiram I (Hebrew: חִירָם, "high-born"; Standard Hebrew Ḥiram, Tiberian vocalization Ḥîrām, Modern Arabic: حيرام), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the Phoenician king of Tyre. He reigned from 980 to 947 BC, succeeding his father, Abibaal. Hiram was succeeded as king of Tyre by his son Baal-Eser I.^[1] Hiram is also mentioned in the writings of Menander of Ephesus, as preserved in Josephus’s Against Apion, where some additional information is given that is not found in the Bible. One such item is that Hiram lived 53 years, and reigned 34.

Reign[link]

During Hiram's reign, Tyre grew from a satellite of Sidon into the most important of Phoenician cities, and the holder of a large trading empire. He suppressed the rebellion of the first Tyrean colony at Utica, near the later site of Carthage (Against Apion i:18).

The Bible says that he allied himself with King David of the United Kingdom of Israel as well as that the status of both Kings was equal and that the treaty between them was a parity treaty (2 Samuel 05:11, 1 Kings 05:01, 1 Chronicles 14:01). After the death of King David, Solomon, a son of David, succeeded to David's throne and Hiram continued the relation with Israel through King Solomon, the upcoming power of the region. They were also equal ("אחי", meaning "brothers" 1 Kings 9:13, Amos 1:9)^[2] Through the alliance with Solomon, Hiram ensured himself access to the major trade routes to Egypt, Arabia and Mesopotamia. The two kings also joined forces in starting a trade route over the Red Sea, connecting the Israelite harbour of Ezion-Geber with a land called Ophir (2 Chronicles 8:16,17).

Both kings grew rich through this trade and Hiram sent Solomon architects, workmen, cedar wood and gold to build the First Temple in Jerusalem. He also extended the Tyrean harbour, enlarged the city by joining the two islands on which it was built, and built a royal palace and a temple for Melqart (Against Apion i:17).

Theories Regarding The Chronology of Hiram’s Reign[link]

The beginning date of Hiram’s reign is derived from a statement by Josephus, citing both Tyrian court records and the writings of Menander,^[3] relating that 143 years passed between the start of construction of Solomon’s Temple until the founding of Carthage (or until Dido’s flight that led to its founding). Josephus also related that Hiram’s reign began 155 years and 8 months before this event, and that construction of Solomon's Temple began in the twelfth year of Hiram's Reign, which would be 143 years before the building of Carthage. The redundancy inherent in these multiple ways of expressing the total years (the 143 years is mentioned twice, and the 155 years minus 12 years once) has guaranteed that all extant copies of Josephus/Menander that contain these passages give 155 years and 8 months between the start of Hiram’s reign and the foundation of Carthage. (One copy has 155 years and 18 months, but this is an obvious error for 155 years and eight months.) Modern historians have therefore had confidence in the 155-year figure and have used it to date Hiram’s reign.

However, classical authors give two dates for the Carthage’s founding: 825 BCE and 814 BCE. The 814 date is derived from the Greek historian Timaeus (c. 345-260 BCE) and the 825 date from the writings of Pompeius Trogus (1st century BCE). The 814 date is more generally accepted, and so earlier historians calculated the start of Hiram’s reign as occurring in 814 + 155 = 969 BCE. See the Pygmalion article for the proposal of J. M. Peñuela that 825 BCE was the date Dido left Tyre, but she did not start construction of Carthage until 11 years later, in 814 BCE

In 1951 CE, an inscription was published that showed that Shalmaneser III of Assyria received tribute, in 841 BCE from a certain Baa‘li-maanzer of Tyre.^[4] The name Baa‘li-maanzer was interpreted by eminent philologists such as Frank Moore Cross^[5] as referring to Baal-Eser II/Balazeros, grandfather of Pygmalion. According to Josephus/Manetho, it was during Pygmalion’s seventh year that Dido fled from Tyre. Consequently, the dates of Pygmalion have always been computed based on the date calculated for Dido’s flight, which was assumed to take place in the same that she founded Carthage. But when 814 BCE was taken as Pygmalion’s seventh year, the dates for his father and grandfather, as based on the best texts of Josephus/Manetho, were not compatible with his grandfather being on the throne in 841 BCE and giving tribute to Shalmaneser in that year. For this reason, several scholars reexamined the 825 BCE date for Dido’s flight (Pygmalion’s seventh year) and found that 825 BCE was consistent with the Assyrian inscription. For further details of the scholars involved and their reasoning, see the Pygmalion article.

Measuring the 155 years from 825 BCE gave a new date for the first year of Hiram's reign: 825 + 155 = 980 BCE. 980 BCE also proved an excellent match with another date, one calculated from the Scriptural texts related to the reign of Solomon. Based on Edwin R. Thiele’s widely accepted date of 931/930 BCE for the division of the kingdom after the end of Solomon’s 40-year reign,^[6] Solomon’s fourth year, when construction of the Temple began (1 Kings 6:1) can be calculated as starting in Tishri (roughly October) of 968 BCE.^[7] Josephus, citing both Tyrian court records and the writings of Menander, says that it was in Hiram’s 12th year that he sent assistance to Solomon for building the Temple. With 980 BCE as the starting date for Hiram, his twelfth year would be 969 or 968 BCE, in excellent agreement with the Biblical date for this event.

As pointed out by William Barnes, the date for the start of Temple construction using the Tyrian data is derived “wholly independently” of the way that date is derived using the Scriptural data.^[8] It is this consideration, plus the evidence of the tribute from Baa‘li-maanzer/Baal-Eser II to Shalmaneser III, that has led to the adoption of the chronologies of Frank M. Cross and other scholars for the Tyrian kings in the present article. Hiram’s first year is therefore accepted as 980 BC instead of the 969 BC that was favored before publication of the Shalmaneser inscription.

Sarcophagus[link]

The alleged sarcophagus of Hiram is located "two hours' walk southeast of Tyre, a colossal limestone sarcophagus on a high pedestal",^[9] so-called Qabr Hiram.^[10] It is not to be confused with the famous Ahiram sarcophagus.

In modern fiction[link]

King Hiram is a character in the time travel story Ivory, and Apes, and Peacocks (1983) by Poul Anderson.

See also[link]

• Pygmalion for discussion of date of founding of Carthage used by Menander
• List of kings of Tyre

References[link]

Hiram Law Bullock (September 11, 1955 – July 25, 2008) was an American jazz funk and jazz fusion guitarist.

He was born in Osaka, Japan to African American parents serving in the U.S. Military. At the age of two he returned to Baltimore, Maryland with his parents, and quickly showed a prodigious musical talent. He studied piano at the city's Peabody Conservatory of Music, giving his first public performance aged just six. After spells playing the saxophone and bass, he took up the electric guitar at 16.^[1]

Bullock studied at the University of Miami music college, meeting guitarists Pat Metheny and Steve Morse, and bass-players Jaco Pastorius and Will Lee. He paid his way at university by playing nightclub gigs in Florida, before moving to New York. He became best-known for his playing with Pastorius, on Late Night with David Letterman and work with David Sanborn and Bob James. His work can be heard on Steely Dan's Gaucho (1980), Paul Simon's One Trick Pony (1980), Sting's ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987) (solo on the cover of Jimi Hendrix's "Little Wing") and Billy Joel's The Stranger (1977). He also did work for Harry Belafonte, Marcus Miller, Carla Bley, Miles Davis, Ruben Rada (on the album Montevideo) and Gil Evans.

He recorded as a member of the 24th Street Band, who released 3 albums: 24th Street Band (1979), Share Your Dreams (1980) and Bokutachi (1981).

In 1982, he released his debut album, called First Class Vagabond, which was exclusively distributed for the Japanese music market by the JVC-Victor Company, and later reissued on CD.

In 1986, Bullock released his first album as a leader for Atlantic Records called From All Sides, followed by the albums Give It What You Got in 1987, and Way Kool in 1990. Shortly after the Atlantic albums, he recorded a few tracks from those specific sessions for a live event at the NYC-located Indigo Blues Venue, in order to eventually release it on laserdisc and CD for the commercial market in Japan. His live band from the Indigo Blues-sessions included: Dave Delhomme (keyboards), Steve Logan (bass guitar), and Steven Wolf (drums). The setlist of the Indigo Blues-performance:

1. Introduction
2. Gotta Get Your Jollys
3. What About Me
4. Angelina
5. Another Night
6. Cactus
7. Never Give Up
8. Wolfman
9. Show Me
10. Them Changes + Funky Broadway / (total time: 60 minutes)

On May 27, 2004, he teamed up with legendary drummer Billy Cobham for a performance of the works of Jimi Hendrix at the University of Cologne in Germany. A CD of this performance was released posthumously in 2008.

He had his own signature model guitar made by Cort, the HBS-II, which has a humbucker/single coil/humbucker pick-up arrangement and a maple neck. It also has Sperzel tuners and only comes in a tobacco burst finish.

In 2007, Bullock was diagnosed with throat cancer, but responded well to treatment and began touring again. However, longer-term problems related to substance abuse culminated in his death on July 25, 2008.^[2] He was honored by David Letterman on his show.

Discography[link]

• 1986: From All Sides (Atlantic)
• 1987: Give It What U Got (Atlantic)
• 1992: Way Kool (Atlantic)
• 1994: World of Collision (Big World)
• 1996: Manny's Car Wash (Big World)
• 1997: Carrasco (Fantasy)
• 1997: Late Night Talk (Venus)
• 2000: First Class Vagabond (JVC Victor)
• 2001: Color Me (Via)
• 2002: Best of Hiram Bullock (WEA)
• 2003: Try Livin' It (EFA Records)
• 2004: Jam Jam (3D)
• 2006: Guitarman (JVC Victor)
• 2006: Too Funky 2 Ignore (BHM Productions)
• 2009: Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix (BHM Productions)

As sideman[link]

This section requires expansion.

With Art Farmer

• Something You Got (CTI, 1977)

With Dizzy Gillespie

• Closer to the Source (Atlantic, 1984)

With Jeremy Steig

• Firefly (CTI, 1977)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Hiram Bullock Memorial
• Hiram Bullock Legacy.com Site
• Jazz network memorial
• NY Times Obituary

label Ella May Saison (also credited as Ella Mae Saison)^[1] is a Filipino singer. She is acknowledged as the original Queen of Soul of the Philippines.^[2]

Biography[link]

Saison began her recording career at age 19. Prior to landing a recording contract, she was a soloist for the Artstart Band, specializing in jazz, gospel and blues. In the Philippines, she is best known for her hits "Till My Heartaches End" and "If The Feeling Is Gone", subsequently covered by Passage and Kyla, respectively. Saison won the Katha Award for Best Female Performer, She was also recognized in the Philippines for one Gold and one Platinum album.

A year after her second album release, she signed a recording deal with Evander Holyfield's independent record label, Kats Eye, and released So In Love in 1997. The songs "So In Love" and "Never Had A Chance" were released as singles. Andrew Rollins and Don Williams were producers, songwriters and musicians on the album except for "Never Had A Chance" which was co-written by Judith Jordan, Ronnie Hammon and Rollins. Jerry Brown was the engineer. The album was recorded at A&M Studios. Humberto Gatica was also an engineer.

In addition to working with Humberto Gatica (producer of Celine Dion), she has worked with Gerry Brown (producer of Vanessa Williams) and artists such as The Eagles, and IV Xample. Timothy B. Schmit of The Eagles contributed background vocals to the So In Love album, as did Eagles contemporary John David Souther.

There has been a degree of controversy associated with the credits to So In Love. It is contended that Saison specifically worked with Bryant Woodert (PKA Lucius) of IV Xample, who produced her vocals for the title song to the album. This song, written by Don H. Williams and Andrew Rollins, went on to win an award in the Philippines for best vocal production. Bryant Woodert never received any credit for doing vocal production, though he is listed as a background singer on the album credits (under Lucius of IV Xample). Though Gerry Brown was the engineer for this session,it is contended that he did not participate in any vocal direction, even though he and Andrew Rollins were given the credit for this. Andrew Rollins, who was said to be in New York at the time of the recording, later received the Philippine award for best vocal production.^[3]

Saison released a single with CeCe Peniston entitled "Reminiscin", which made the Billboard Charts under the "Powerpick Club Play" category, hitting number 30. The Peniston's opinion of Saison is as follows: "(In) January 2001, we collaborated on a duet titled "Reminiscin" that charted on 'Billboard's Club Playlist'. I was fortunate to witness the warmth of a beautiful personality and the great talent of a rising star. I hope the world will be allowed to share in this experience too."^[4] Ella May also performed at the Awards Dinner of the Republic of South Africa and the African Times in honor of President Nelson Mandela. She recently sung the "Star Spangled Banner" at the Countrywide Classic/ATP US Open Series at UCLA last July 17, 2007.

In the early 2000s, her focus became more regional than national, when she joined Los Angeles-based covers band Dark Sunday, as lead singer, where she was well-received.^[5]

She returned to the Philippines in 2005, to great acclaim, but then left again for California in the United States where she continues her career.^[6][7]

Saison performed Till My Heartaches end in Party Pilipinas in July 2011.^[8]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 1992: Language of Soul
• 1994: Full of Love, Full of Soul
• 1996: Best of Ella May Saison (Viva)^[9]
• 1997: So In Love (Kats Eye)^[10]
• 2005: Ella May Saison "Soulfoul" (Star Records)
• 2006: Ella May (Silver Series, Viva)^[11]

Singles[link]

• 1992: "'Til My Heartaches End"
• 1993: "If the Feeling Is Gone"
• 1993: "Goodbye's not Forever"
• 1994: "Full of Love"
• 1997: "So in Love" (Kats Eye)
• 1997: "Never Had A Chance" (Kats Eye)
• 1999: "I Believe"
• 2001: "Reminiscin" featuring CeCe Peniston (Real Deal)
• 2005: "Now That Your Gone" (Star Records)

Awards

References[link]

1. ^ Saison may have changed the spelling of her middle name following her move to the United States, and is now frequently credited using either spelling.
2. ^ Star Records, The Queen Of Soul, Ella May Saison, In "Soulful: The Concert". Titik Pilipino, May 10, 2005; www.titikpilipino.com. The title "Philippine Queen of Soul" is now more closely associated with the Filipino-born, Afro-Jamaican singer, Jaya although Jaya is also referred to as the Soul Diva along with Jocelyn Enriquez as Dance Diva and Ella May Saison as the original Queen of Soul in the 90's. a
3. ^ Uncited commentary by Digmuzack, added to Ella May Saison February 5, 2008.
4. ^ CeCe Peniston Commentary at Dark Sunday MySpace Page; www.profile.myspace.com.
5. ^ See Dark Sunday MySpace Page, featuring several testimonials in relation to Saison's vocal talent.
6. ^ Panaligan, Jojo P. (2005-02-16). "Ella May Saison reclaims ?Queen of Soul? title". Manila Bulletin Online. http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2005/02/16/ENTR2005021628870.html. Retrieved 2006-10-12. ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ She also continued her association with Dark Sunday, following her return to the Philippines. See Dark Sunday Performance Photos, 2007 and 2008; www.viewmorepics.myspace.com.
8. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I74f__8ceDw
9. ^ A collection of Saison's hits, primarily in the Philippines, prior to her move to the United States. Two of her hits featured on this album are "Till My Heartaches End" and "If The Feeling is Gone". As noted by one reviewer, "On 1996's Best of Ella May Saison, Philippine singer Saison makes it clear that she's the real deal, showing off a wondrous, assured voice, full of depth and expression. Like other great singers, Saison can make a song sound better than it should." David Gonzales, Review of Best of Ella May Saison. AllMusic review, reprinted at www.answers.com.
10. ^ As noted by one reviewer, "On 1996's Best of Ella May Saison, the singer often gave the songs a soulful interpretation, making even the easy listening material sound good. But on So in Love, Saison shows what she can really do, and she can do plenty." David Gonzales, Review of So In Love. AllMusic review, reprinted at www.answers.com.
11. ^ Being a re-release of Saison material recorded for Viva in the 1990s, most of which was previously released on Best of Ella May Saison.

External links[link]

• Star Records Bio

Hiram Mier

Personal information
Full name	Hiram Ricardo Mier Alanis
Date of birth	(1989-08-25) August 25, 1989 (age 22)[1]
Place of birth	Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Playing position	Centre Defender
Club information
Current club	Monterrey
Number	21
Youth career
2008–2010	Monterrey
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2010–	Monterrey	47	(0)
National team‡
2011–	Mexico U-23	4	(0)
2011–	Mexico	3	(0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of November 7, 2011. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of November 7, 2011

Hiram Ricardo Mier Alanis (born August 25, 1989, in Monterrey, Nuevo León) is a Mexican football defender. He currently plays for CF Monterrey in the Primera Division de Mexico

Club career[link]

Youth teams[link]

He started his career with CF Monterrey in the Second Division debuted in 2007. And one year later Gerardo Jimenez called him to play in the Rayados in the Pimera Division A played only 11 games 9 of them playing 90 minutes.

Monterrey[link]

On August 25, 2010, he debuted with the first team in a game of CONCACAF Champions League against Seattle Sounders. Finally on October 2, 2010, he debuted in the Primera Division in a win 2–1 over Necaxa being champions this tournament Apertura 2010 and then being champion in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League

International career[link]

On May 23, 2011, Mier was called up to the Mexico U-22 national football team to participate in the 2011 Copa America,^[2] and later he was called up to participate in the 2011 Pan American Games,^[3] Mexico ended up winning the final against Argentina 1 – 0.^[4]

Career statistics[link]

Club[link]

As of 22 May 2011 (2011 -05-22)^[update][5]

Honours[link]

Club[link]

Monterrey

• Primera División de México (1): Apertura 2010
• CONCACAF Champions League (2): 2010–11, 2011–12

International[link]

Mexico

• Winner (1): 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup
• Winner (1): 2011 Pan American Games
• CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament:
  • Winner (1): 2012 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
• Toulon Tournament:
  • Winners (1): 2012 Toulon Tournament

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.mediotiempo.com/jugador/hiram-mier
• http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/hiram-mier/profil/spieler_107136.html

Mexico squads v t e Mexico squad – 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup Winners (6th title) 1 Ochoa (Michel) 2 Rodríguez (Reynoso) 3 Salcido 4 Márquez (c) 5 Osorio 6 Torrado 7 Barrera 8 Castro 9 de Nigris 10 dos Santos 11 Reyna 12 Talavera 13 Zavala 14 J. Hernández 15 Moreno 16 Juárez 17 Sinha (Aguilar) 18 Guardado 19 Dueñas (Fabián) 20 Torres Nilo 21 Bermúdez (Mier) 22 E. Hernández 23 Orozco Coach: de la Torre v t e Mexico squad – 2011 Copa América 1 Michel (c) 2 Álvarez 3 Alanís 4 De Buen 5 Chávez 6 Gallardo 7 Dávila 8 Orrantía 9 Márquez Lugo 10 dos Santos 11 Aquino 12 Sánchez 13 Rodríguez 14 Araujo 15 Enríquez 16 Ponce 17 Pacheco 18 Peralta 19 Reynoso 20 Pulido 21 Mier 22 Aguilar 23 Reyes Coach: Tena